Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System (AP) Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the most superficial layer of deep fascia and what does it separate?
- Investing layer
- Separates superficial fascia and skin from underlying tissues
What is the specific name for the investing layer in the forearm, thigh and leg?
- F = antebrachial fascia
- T = fascia lata
- L = crural fascia
What structures are formed from deeper layers deep fascia and what is their function?
- Intermuscular septum
- Interosseus membrane
- Periosteum
- All separate limbs into muscular compartments
What tissue are tendons made of?
Dense regular connective tissue
What is the function of a tendon?
Act as a site of attachment of muscles to bone
What tissue is cartilage made of?
Specialised hard connective tissue
3 types of cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
What tissue are ligaments made of?
Dense regular connective tissue
Function of ligaments
- Attach bones to each other
- Stabilise moveable joints
What are bursae made of?
Synovial membrane (sac of it)
Where are bursae found?
Where tendons rub against bones, ligaments or other tendons
Types of joint
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Types of fibrous joint
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
What is a suture?
Joint between bones of the cranium
What is a syndesmosis?
Bones are held together by either a ligaments or interosseus membrane
What is a gomphosis?
Narrow fibrous joint between the root of a tooth and its bony socket
Types of cartilaginous joint
- Primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis)
- Secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis)
What unites bones in a primary cartilaginous joint?
Hyaline cartilage
What unites bones in a secondary cartilaginous joint?
Fibrocartilage
Types of contraction and what they mean
- Isotonic = length of muscle changes but tension stays the same
- Isometric = length and tension of muscle stay the same
Types of isotonic contraction
- Concentric (muscle shortens)
- Eccentric (muscle lengthens)
What is compartment syndrome and what does it lead to?
- Pressure builds up in a muscular compartment
- Nerves and blood vessels compressed
- Leads to muscle necrosis and/or ischaemia
Organisation of a unipennate muscle
Fascicles on one side of length of tendon
Organisation of a bipennate muscle
Fascicles on both sides of length of tendon
