The Shoulder and Pectoral Girdle Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
3 joints of the shoulder complex
A
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Glenohumeral
2
Q
Proximal and distal articulations of the humerus
A
- P = glenoid fossa of scapula
- D = head of radius and trochlear notch of ulna
3
Q
Proximal landmarks of the humerus
A
- Head
- Anatomical neck
- Greater tubercle
- Lesser tubercle
- Intertubercular sulcus
- Lips
- Surgical neck
4
Q
Function of anatomical neck
A
Separates head from tubercles
5
Q
Function of greater tubercle
A
Attachment for:
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
6
Q
Function of lesser tubercle
A
Attachment for subscapularis
7
Q
Function of intertubercular sulcus
A
- Separates 2 tubercles
- Tendon of long head of biceps brachii runs through it
8
Q
Function of lips
A
Attachment for:
- Pectoralis major
- Teres major
- Latissimus
9
Q
Shaft landmarks of humerus
A
- Deltoid tuberosity
- Radial groove
10
Q
Function of deltoid tuberosity
A
Attachment for deltoid muscle
11
Q
Function of radial groove
A
Houses radial nerve
12
Q
Distal landmarks of humerus
A
- Medial + lateral supraepicondylar ridges
- Medial + lateral epicondyles
- Trochlea
- Capitulum
- Coronoid, radial + olecranon fossae
13
Q
What does the trochlea articulate with?
A
Trochlear notch of ulna (T+U together like alphabet)
14
Q
What does the capitulum articulate with?
A
Head of radius (R+C together like remote control)
15
Q
Function of the coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae
A
Accommodate forearm bones during flexion and extension at elbow
16
Q
Are each of the coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae found anteriorly or posteriorly?
A
- CF = anterior
- RF = anterior
- OF = posterior
17
Q
Which 2 bones form the pectoral girdle?
A
- Scapula
- Clavicle
18
Q
Curvatures of the clavicle
A
- Medial 2/3 convex anteriorly
- Lateral 1/3 concave anteriorly
19
Q
3 regions of clavicle
A
- Sternal end
- Shaft
- Acromial end
20
Q
What is found at the sternal end of the clavicle and what is its function?
A
- Large facet
- Articulation with manubrium
21
Q
Which muscles attach to the shaft of the clavicle?
A
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Subclavius
- Pectoralis major
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Sternohyoid
22
Q
What is found at the acromial end of the clavicle and what is its function?
A
- Small facet
- Articulation with acromion of scapula
23
Q
4 markings found on the inferior surface of the clavicle
A
- Conoid tubercle
- Trapezoid line
- Subclavian groove
- Impression for costoclavicular ligament
24
Q
Which ribs does the scapula overly?
A
2-6/7
25
What does the spine of the scapula divide the posterior surface into?
- Supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinous fossa
26
What fossa is found on the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
27
Landmarks of the lateral border of the scapula
- Glenoid fossa
- Supraglenoid tubercle
- Infraglenoid tubercle
28
Which 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process?
- Pectoralis minor
- Coracobrachialis
- Short head of biceps brachii
29
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle synovial joint
30
Articulating surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint
- Sternal end of clavicle
- Manubrium
- Part of 1st costal cartilage
31
What does the articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint do?
- Separate joint into 2 compartments
- Allows clavicle and manubrium to slides over each other more freely, allowing rotation and movement in third axis
32
What is the sternoclavicular joint strengthened by?
- The several shoulder muscles
- Joint capsule
- Ligaments
33
What do the joint capsules of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints consist of?
- Fibrous outer layer
- Inner synovial membrane producing synovial fluid
34
Ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint
- Sternoclavicular ligaments (anterior + posterior)
- Interclavicular ligament
- Costoclavicular ligament
35
What do the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?
Strengthen joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly
36
What does the interclavicular ligament run between?
Sternal ends of each clavicle
37
What does the interclavicular ligament do?
Reinforce joint capsule superiorly
38
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane synovial joint
39
What is the acromioclavicular joint between?
- Acromial end of clavicle
- Acromion of scapula
40
2 atypical features of the acromioclavicular joint
- Articular surfaces lined with fibrocartilage
- Joint cavity partially divided by articular disc
41
What is the acromioclavicular joint strengthened by?
- Joint capsule
- Trapezius muscle
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
42
What does the trapezius muscle do to strengthen the acromioclavicular joint?
Reinforces posterior aspect of joint capsule
43
What does the acromioclavicular ligament run between?
- Acromion
- Lateral clavicle
44
Parts of the coracoclavicular ligament
- Conoid ligament
- Trapezoid ligament
45
What do each of the parts of the coracoclavicular ligament run between?
- Conoid
> Coracoid process of scapula
> Conoid tubercle of clavicle
- Trapezoid
> Coracoid process of scapula
> Trapezoid line of clavicle
46
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket synovial joint
47
What is the glenohumeral joint between?
- Head of humerus
- Glenoid fossa of scapula
48
What is the glenoid labrum and what does it do?
- Fibrocartilage rim on glenoid fossa
- Deepens socket to increase stability
49
What structures stabilise the glenohumeral joint?
- Glenoid labrum
- Ligaments
- Rotator cuff muscles
- Biceps tendon
50
Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
- Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Coracoacromial ligament
- Transverse humeral ligament
51
What do the superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments form?
Joint capsule
52
Function of superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
Stabilise anterior aspect of joint
53
What does the coracohumeral ligament run between?
- Coracoid process
- Greater tubercle of humerus
54
What does the coracohumeral ligament do?
Supports superior part of joint capsule
55
What does the coracoacromial ligament run between?
- Coracoid process
- Acromion
56
What does the coracoacromial ligament do?
- Forms coracoacromial arch
- Prevents superior displacement of humeral head
57
What does the transverse humeral ligament run between?
2 tubercles of humerus
58
What does the transverse humeral ligament do?
Holds tendon of long head of biceps in intertubercular groove
59
How many bursae in the shoulder joint?
5
60
Which 3 bursae of the shoulder are usually contiguous?
- Subacromial bursa
- Subcoracoid bursa
- Subscapular bursa
61
What is the subacromial bursa found deep and superficial to?
- Deep to deltoid and acromion
- Superficial to supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule
62
What does the subacromial bursa do?
- Reduces friction beneath deltoid
- Promotes free motion of rotator cuff tendons
63
What is the subcoracoid bursa found deep to?
Coracoid process
64
What is the subscapular bursa found between?
- Subscapularis tendon
- Scapula
65
What does the subscapular bursa do?
Reduces wear and tear on subscapularis tendon during movement at shoulder joint
66
Movements attainable at the shoulder joint
- Extension
- Flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Medial rotation
- Lateral rotation
67
Muscles involved in extension of the shoulder joint
- Posterior deltoid
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
68
Muscles involved in flexion of the shoulder joint
- Pectoralis major
- Anterior deltoid
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps brachii (weakly)
69
Muscles involved in abduction of the shoulder joint
- Supraspinatus (0-15°)
- Middle deltoid (15-90°)
- Trapezius (>90°)
- Serratus anterior (>90°)
70
Muscles involved in adduction of the shoulder joint
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
71
Muscles involved in medial rotation of the shoulder joint
- Subscapularis
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Anterior deltoid
72
Muscles involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder joint
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
73
4 rotator cuff muscles
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
74
Origin and insertion of subscapularis
- O = subscapular fossa of scapula
- I = lesser tubercle of humerus
75
Origin and insertion of supraspinatus
- O = supraspinous fossa of scapula
- I = greater tubercle of humerus
76
Origin and insertion of infraspinatus
- O = infraspinous fossa of scapula
- I = greater tubercle of humerus
77
Origin and insertion of teres minor
- O = lateral border of scapula
- I = greater tubercle of humerus
78
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-6)
79
Innervation of supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)
80
Innervation of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)
81
Innervation of teres minor
Axillary nerve (C5-6)
82
What usually causes anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint
Excessive extension and lateral rotation
83
Which nerve runs in close proximity to the shoulder joint and can be damaged during dislocation?
Axillary nerve
84
What does injury to the axillary nerve in a dislocation cause?
- Paralysis of deltoid
- Loss of sensation over regimental badge area
85
What usually prevents winging of the scapula in a healthy person?
Serratus anterior attaching to the anterior face of the scapula and pulling it against the ribcage
86
What causes winging of the scapula?
Damage to the long thoracic nerve
