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Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the nervous system?

A

1) CNS
2) PNS
3) Autonomic (visceral) nervous system

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made of

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves

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4
Q

What are the functional parts of the nervous system

A

1) afferent system
2) efferent system

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5
Q

What is the afferent system

A

receptors (sensory,visceral, somatic)
peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

somatic nervous system with skeletal muscles as ________
autonomic (visceral) nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- smooth/cardiac muscle/glands as _____

A

what is the efferent system

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7
Q

group of neurons with common function

A

nucleus/ganglion

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8
Q

front/back of a given system or pathway

A

rostral/caudal

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9
Q

how do nucleus and ganglion diff

A

nucleus is neurons in CNS and ganglion is a cluster of neurons in PNS

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10
Q

ipsilateral/contralateral

A

same side/opposite side, always in reference to a specific item of interest

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11
Q

bump, groove, deeper groove

A

gyrus/sulcus/fissure

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12
Q

afferent vs efferent

A

incoming and outgoing

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13
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - motor planning execution

A

frontal lobe

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14
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - auditory processing

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - sensory association / spatial planning

A

parietal lobe

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16
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - occipital lobe

A

visual processing

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17
Q

CNS: 3 major parts of the brain

A

1) cerebral hemispheres
2) cerebellum
3) brainstem
- includes medulla, pons, midbrain

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18
Q

31 pairs of ____ nerves
ventral & dorsal roots
enlargements at C4 - T1 and L2-S3
properly ends at the L1 vertebrae
- CSF needle insertion

A

CNS: SPINAL CORD

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19
Q

contains grey matter and is surrounded by white matter

A

CNS: spinal nerves

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20
Q

Dermatomes

A

pattern of peripheral innervation

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21
Q

mapped areas of brain function using electrical stimulation in neuro surgery

A

Father of cytoarchitecture: Brodmann’s Area

22
Q

Brodmann’s Area 17

A

primary visual cortex

23
Brodmann's Area 41+44
primary auditory cortex
24
Brodmann's area 1/2/3
primary sensory cortex
25
Homunculi
demonstrates 1) sequence of representation and 2) disproportion of representation
26
Cranial Nerve I
olfactory - sensory
27
Cranial Nerve II
optic - sensory
28
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor - motor
29
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear - motor
30
Cranial Nerve V
trigeminal - both
31
Cranial Nerve VI
- abucens - motor
32
Cranial Nerve VII
facial - both
33
Cranial Nerve VIII
auditory - sensory
34
Cranial Nerve IX
glossopharyngeal - both
35
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus - both
36
Cranial Nerve XI
spinal accessory - motor
37
Cranial Nerve XII
hypoglossal - motor
38
Learn CN by expected location on ventral surface of the brain
relative to structures like pons + medulla
39
neurons - inter and intra species communication
synapse
40
how many classes of neurons are there
3 - pseudo unipolar - bipolar - multipolar
41
neuronal synapses is the site of ___________-
communication
42
what does the ionic basis for the action potential rely on
electrochemical gradients of Na+ and K+ (need voltaged gated Na+ channels and K channels, ATPase - enzyme and bilayer membrane)
43
Know what an action potential is and its features.
44
what is the refractory period
where it cannot stimulate another neuron
45
no impulse can be generated is _______ refractory period
absolute
46
impulse can be generated but requires more effort is ________ refractory period
relative
47
what do refractory states do?
create upper limit on frequency of firing rate prevent message from going down wrong direction down axon
48
what is the refractory period time
1 millisecond
49
what are the supporting cells of the nervous system
glial cells
50
what are some glial cell varieties
astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia
51
what are pericytes
they have a role as a blood brain barrier
52
provide scaffolding that guides neuronal migration forms scar tissue insulates blood vessels & synapses controls extracellular enviro
astrocytes
53
scavengers (Phagocytes) of the nervous system
microglia
54
olgios in _____ and schwann cells in _____
CNS, PNS
55
what do oligodendrocytes/schwann cells do
form myelin sheaths on certain axons

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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