Introduction to Toxicology Flashcards
Risk is a product of the following except:
A. Safety
B. Toxicity
C. Exposure
A
Potential stages in the development of toxicity include the following except:
A. Delivery
B. Interaction with the target molecule
C. Cellular dysfunction and injury
D. Dysrepair
*
The destruction of cell maintenances involves:
A. Destruction of ATP synthesis
B. Dysregulation of gene expression
C. Direct Injury
D. Dysregulation of ongoing cellular activity
A
Oxidative stress is an example of which mechanism of toxic action:
A. Impairment of internal maintenance
B. Impairment of external maintenance
C. Toxication
D. Alteration of regulatory or maintenance function of the cell
A
Actions of endocrine-disrupting substances are classified as:
A. Impaired internal maintenance
B. Impaired external maintenance
C. Dysregulation of gene expression
D. Dysregulation of ongoing cellular activity
C
The stage of disrepair includes the following except:
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Fibrosis
D. Cancer
A
The kind of exposure that is the most effective for the toxicant to enter the body is:
A. Intramuscular
B. Subcutaneous
C. Inhalational
D. Ingestional
C
In enterohepatic recirculation, the drug is converted back into this form:
A. Hydrophilic
B. Lipophilic
C. Hydrophobic
D. Lipophobic
B
The study of toxicokinetics can be used to predict the following:
A. plasma drug concentration
B. Amount of drug absorbed
C. Predicted time for substance to reach the different compartments
D. All of the above
D
Pharmacokinetic interactions involve the reactions of drugs that result in the alteration of the ability of the metabolizing
enzyme systems. T/F
T
The Nature of toxic action of hazardous substances include:
A. The mechanism of toxic action in acute exposure is the same from those in chronic exposure.
B. Toxic action of a drug is an exaggeration of its therapeutic action.
C. A chemical may be converted to a toxic metabolite which is more toxic than the parent compound.
D. All of the above
C
The following statement(s) is/are true of the distribution factors affecting the toxicity of substances.
A. Protein-bound drug produces toxic effects.
B. The organ in which a drug is most concentrated is always the site where most tissue damage occurs.
C. A chemical may be converted to a metabolite more toxic than the parent drug.
D. A chemical may pass through the blood-brain barrier or placenta.
D
Enzyme that inhibits/stimulates is an example of this mechanism of action:
A. Impairment of intracellular maintenance
B. Impairment of extracellular maintenance
C. Dysregulation of gene expression
D. Dysregulation of ongoing cellular management
D
Spectrum of toxic effects include:
A. Delayed reaction after initial exposure
B. Idiosyncratic reactions, immunologically modulated
C. Allergies, genetically-determined
D. AOTA
D
The ultimate goals of toxicology assessments in animals include the following:
A. To characterize the toxicity of drug in animal models and identification of potential problems in the short and long term studies in man
B. To evaluate the extent to which animal data warrant extrapolation to man
C. To recommend safe levels of exposure or dosage to man
D. To contribute to the decision to test the new drug candidate in humans
E. AOTA
E
The following statements are true of the concept of toxicology, except
A. It is the study that involves adverse effects of drugs in their therapeutic dose
B. The toxicity of chemicals are inherent in nature
C. The risk to development of poisoning varies with the degree of exposure
D. Safety is the probability that harm will not occur under specified conditions
A
The following statements is/are true of the nature of toxic action of chemicals:
A. The toxic action of a chemical is always an exaggeration of its therapeutic action
B. The mechanisms of action in acute exposure are the same as those in chronic exposure
C. A toxicant may exert several mechanisms of toxic action
D. A and B only
E. All of the above
C
The following are potential stages in development of toxicity except:
a. Delivery
b. Cell dysfunction/injury
c. Interaction with target molecule
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
D
The factors that affects response to toxic agents
a. Duration of exposure
b. Chemical properties of substance
c. Health status of individuals
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
E
Example(s) of toxic actions affecting cellular dysregulation include(s) the ff:
a. Inhibit ATP synthesis
b. Inhibit gene expression
c. Inhibit membrane function
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
B
On the last stage of potential toxicity the ff. processes are involved:
a. Fibrosis
b. Necrosis
c. Apoptosis
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
D
True about the nature of toxic action
a. The toxic action of a drug is not necessarily an exaggeration of its therapeutic effect
b. The intensity of a toxic effect depends on its
concentration at the target organ
c. The toxic action of a drug may be brought about by its metabolites
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
E
True regarding toxic effects produced by chemicals:
a. Chemical allergy is a genetically induced adverse reaction
b. Delayed reaction is an extension of the immediate effects
c. Substances can have both local and systemic effects
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
D
Risk is a product of the ff:
a. Toxicity
b. Exposure
c. Safety
d. A and B only
e. AOTA
D
