Introduction to Upper Extremity Orhotics Flashcards

1
Q

the four goals of UE splinting

A
  1. protective
  2. supportive
  3. corrective/progressive
  4. functional
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2
Q

is “splint” an outdated term

A

yes

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3
Q

is “orthosis” an outdated term

A

no

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4
Q

two general types of splints

A

static and dynamic

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5
Q

Static of Dynamic:

moveable parts are incorporated into the design of the brace and may include hinges, rubber bands, outriggers, or finger slings

A

dynamic

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6
Q

Static or Dynamic:

no moveable parts and the involved part of the UE are positioned in a functional posture

A

Static

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7
Q

are static splints worn intermittently or constantly

A

intermittently

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8
Q

when are dynamic splints generally used

A

frequently used to maintain function and mobility while specific joints are supoprted

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9
Q

type of sling where there is an “X” on the back

A

Figure 8 Sling

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10
Q

what is the typical UE position in an arm sling

A

adduction

IR

slight flexion

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11
Q

3 indications for arm sligns

A
  1. humeral fracture
  2. bone repair
  3. rotator cuff injury
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12
Q

when might an arm abduction orthosis be indictated

A

for patients with chronic GH dislocation

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13
Q

what is another name for an arm abduction orthosis

A

adduction control orthosis

OR

airplane orthosis

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14
Q

what is the typical design of an arm abduction orthosis

A

support medial arm, weight borne on iliac crest or lateral trunk

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15
Q

what is the purpose of a balanced forearm orthosis (3)

A
  1. supports arm
  2. assists weak proximal mesculature (weak/low tone)
  3. dampen control for increased tone
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16
Q

what are the functional benefits of using a balanced forearm orthosis

A

improve functional independence in performing tabletop skills (eating, writing, operating keyboard)

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17
Q

how does the balanced forearm orthosis work

A

uses shoulder or scapular movement to control elbow

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18
Q

what does BFO stand for

A

Balanced Forearm Orthoses

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19
Q

who is BFO appropriate for

A

individuals with SCI, polio, brachial plexus injury, MD, Guillian Barre

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20
Q

what is the appropriate placement of an epicondylar strap

A

applied circumferentially to forearm, distal to epicondyles

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21
Q

how does the epicondylar strap work

A

provides compression over muscle/tendon, reducing muscular forces on osteotendinous junction by redirecting the line of pull

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22
Q

what are indications for an epicondylar strap

A

inflammation at junction of flexor or extensor tendons at osteotendinous attachment

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23
Q

the hand is a two part unit… the ____ and ____ side

A

radial and ulnar side

24
Q

the radial part of the hand includes…

A

the thumb, index, and middle fingers

25
the ulnar part of the hand includes
the ring and little finger
26
what part of the hand is designed for mobility and functional grasp
radial
27
what part of the hand is designed for stability
ulnar
28
the three types of prehension graps
1. pinch 2. lateral pinch 3. three-jaw chuck
29
what prehension is 60% of all ADL skills
three-jaw chuck
30
what are the two types of grasp
1. spherical | 2. cylindrical
31
throwing a ball is most like this type of grasp
spherical
32
holding groceries is most like this type of grasp
cylindrical
33
what is the functional position of the wrist/hand ``` wrist MCP PIP DIP thumb ```
wrist 30 extension MCP 45-50 flexion PIP 30-45 flexion DIP slight flexion thumb opposition and abduction
34
what is the resting position of the wrist/hand ``` wrist MCP IP thumb CMC thumb MCP ```
wrist 20 extension MCP 70-90 flexion IP 30-45 extended thumb CMC abducted thumb MCP extended
35
what is the purpose in a resting hand orthosis
protect, support, correct alignment
36
what is the alignment in a resting hand orthosis
wrist and hand positioned in resting position
37
three indications for resting hand orthoses
1. arthritis 2. hemiparesis 3. polio 4. burns 5. contractures
38
what is the position of the wrist in wrist cock-up splint
extension
39
what is the general characteristics of the MPs in a wrist cock-up splint
MPs are supported bu allow some movement
40
what is the general characteristics of the IP joints in a wrist cock-up splint
IP joints are allowed unrestricted movement
41
what is the purpose of a wrist cock-up orthosis (2)
1. support wrist during acute phase of healing | 2. increase functional independence secondary to weakness by improving hand function
42
three indications for a wrist cock-up splint
1. carpal tunnel 2. flex/extension tendonitis 3. lat/med epiconylitis 4. wrist strain/sprain 5. brachial plexus injury
43
what is the purpose of a tone reduction orthosis (3)
used to: - decrease flexor tone - increase ROM - prevent skin breakdown
44
where is the thumb placed in a short opponens orthosis
thumb placed in abduction to promote function
45
what is the length of the short opponens orthosis (anatomically)
IP joint of thumb to base of thumb
46
what is cleared in the short opponens orthosis
the thenar crease
47
what are 3 indications for short opponens orthosis
1. CMC/MCP arthritis 2. fracture 3. subluxation 4. dislocation of thumb 5. ligament repair
48
what is the design of a long opponens orthosis-thumb spica
same design as short opponens but extends across wrist to forearm
49
for long opponens orthosis-thumb spica, what is the position of the wrist
some extension
50
what are general indications for a long oppenens orthosis
when the pathology involves thumb and wrist
51
how does a tenodesis orthosis work
with active wrist extension, wrist flexors are put on stretch causing finger flexion
52
for tenodesis orthoses, individuals learn to use the finger flexion movement for...
function
53
what is a way to correct a swan neck or boutonniere deformity
ring orthosis
54
what is the purpose of a dynamic orthosis
used to promote motion of certain segments while protecting or limiting motion at other segments
55
what are three indications for elbow or wrist mobilization orthoses
1. maintain/protect range, improve ROM 2. flexion contractures at elbow, wrist, hand 3. scar release, trauma, burns