Orthotics Lab 1 - Shoes (2/3/17) (1/6)

Question 1

the shoe serves as the foundation for…

Answer 1

an orthosis

Question 2

what is the standard height of a heel

Answer 2

1 inch

Question 3

when might a higher heel be indicated (2)

Answer 3

1. if there is decreased flexibility in the hindfoot

2. if there is pain in the heel

Question 4

what does increasing the height of the heel do

Answer 4

transfers weight toward the metatarsal heads

Question 5

what are the consequences if a heel is too high

Answer 5

the individual will need to compensate for the increased ankle PF by either flexing at the hip or knee or hyperextending at the knee then increasing lumbar lordosis

Question 6

difference between low and high quarter shoes

Answer 6

low quarter - extend to just below the malleoli

high quarter - extend above the malleoli

Question 7

what do low quarter shoes allow for

Answer 7

ankle mobility

Question 8

when may low quarter shoes be indicated

Answer 8

when ankle stability is not an issue or if they are being fit for a plastic orthosis which extends above the malleoli

Question 9

are low or high quarter shoes easier to don

Answer 9

low quarter shoes are easier to don

Question 10

when are high quarter shoes indicated

Answer 10

when there is ankle instability and support is required externally from the shoe

Question 11

with the Blucher shoe, the tongue is an extension of…

Answer 11

the vamp

Question 12

for Blucher shoes, is there a separation between the lace stay and vamp

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

can the throat of the Blucher shoe be opened relatively wide

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

for the Balmoral shoe, is there a separation between the anterior portion of the lace stay and the vamp

Answer 14

no

Question 15

in the Balmoral shoe, is the tongue a separate piece sewn to the vamp and anterior quarters

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

is the Blucher or Balmoral more preferable

Answer 16

Blucher

Question 17

why is the Blucher more preferable than the Balmoral

Answer 17

it is more easily donned

Question 18

downside of lace-to-toe

Answer 18

cosmetically less acceptable (ugly AF)

Question 19

when are specialty options for closure options (elastic laces, velcro, etc.)

Answer 19

they are indicated when fine motor dexterity and function are compromised

Question 20

describe function of a last

Answer 20

the last is the mold over which the components of the shoe are molded, therefore cannot be identified on the shoe itself

Question 21

what is an inflare

Answer 21

the vamp of the shoe is angled moderately inward

Question 22

what is an outlfar

Answer 22

the vamp of the shoe is angled outward

Question 23

what is a straight last shoe

Answer 23

the vamp is straight

Question 24

typical shoes have a _____ last, which is mildly curved inward

Answer 24

regular

Question 25

is a regular last useful to attempt to correct or accommodate a deformity

Answer 25

no

Question 26

when may an inflared shoe be warranted

Answer 26

to correct a flexible forefoot abduction (pronation) or to accomodate a rigid forefoot adduction (supination)

Question 27

when may an outflared shoe be warranted

Answer 27

to correct a flexible forefoot adduction (supination) or to accommodate a rigid forefoot abduction (pronation)

Question 28

when may a straight last be warranted

Answer 28

to correct a mild forefoot adduction or abduction deformity

Question 29

newborn shoes are typically constructed from a _____ last, making it difficult to distinguish left and right

Answer 29

straight last

Question 30

what characteristic would an in-depth last produce in a shoe

Answer 30

depth of the shoe is increased

Question 31

when would an in-depth last be indicated (4)

Answer 31

1. when pads or a plastic inset will be worn inside the shoe 2. to accommodate dressings 3. when there is increased edema in the foot 4. severe deformities in the foot

Question 32

when may a custom molded shoe be warranted

Answer 32

when there is a significant deformity in the foot which could not be accommodated in an extra depth shoe with inserts

Question 33

key ares to identify for shoe fitting (3)

Answer 33

1. length 2. width 3. depth

Question 34

guideline for shoe length

Answer 34

shoe length should be 1/2 inch longer than the longest toe

Question 35

the widest part of the shoe should be aligned with...

Answer 35

the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint

Question 36

how to measure depth in shoe fitting

Answer 36

examine the fit of the vamp and toebox for adequate clearance

Question 37

what position should fit be evaluated in

Answer 37

in a weightbearing position (because the foot spreads when it's open) and non-weightbearing position if there is a flexible deformity

Question 38

what else may be considered that may influence size of the foot (2)

Answer 38

1. time of day | 2. prior activity level

Question 39

at the end of the day or after exercise, the foot can experience a ___ shoe size increase

Answer 39

1 - 1.5 shoe size increase

Question 40

a lift is primarily used to...

Answer 40

accommodate for a leg length discrepancy

Question 41

when else may a lift be used

Answer 41

to promote greater ease in swing on the contralateral side

Question 42

how much of a life can be accommodated within a shoe

Answer 42

approximately 1/2 inch

Question 43

what is the function of a cushioned heel

Answer 43

absorbs shock during loading as HS

Question 44

when is a cushioned heel indicated

Answer 44

when there is heel pain and may also be prescribed when the individual is using a solid AFO to assist with forward weight shift

Question 45

the overall function of a rocker sole, metatarsal bar, and rocker bar?

Answer 45

to promote smooth transition from heel strike to push off while relieving stress from the metatarsal heads

Question 46

what is a rocker sole

Answer 46

extends the length of the sole of the shoe

Question 47

what is a metatarsal bar

Answer 47

a strip of leather or rubber placed just posterior to the metatarsal heads

Question 48

what do the rocker styles do

Answer 48

serve to reduce stress at the metatarsal heads during pushoff phase of gait

Question 49

when are the rockers indicated

Answer 49

whenever there is pain in the metatarsal heads

Question 50

what does a flare do

Answer 50

increases the medial-lateral surface area on the bottom of the shoe

Question 51

where can a flare be placed

Answer 51

medial or lateral

Question 52

does a wedge maintain thickness universally on both sides?

Answer 52

no - one side is thicker than the other

Question 53

when a wedge is placed on the bottom of the shoe or between the inner and outer soles, what happens

Answer 53

the shoe is tipped in a desired direction

Question 54

two types of wedges

Answer 54

heel wedge or sole wedge

Question 55

heel wedges directly influence...

Answer 55

calcaneal position

Question 56

what do heel wedges do to 1. flexible deformities and 2. rigid deformities

Answer 56

1. corrects flexible deformity | 2. supporting a rigid deformity

Question 57

a sole wedge originates...

Answer 57

distal to heel

Question 58

a medial sole wedge will create a ____ effect on the forefoot

Answer 58

inversion

Question 59

a lateral sole wedge will create a ____ effect on the forefoot

Answer 59

eversion

Question 60

function of a flare

Answer 60

increase individual's BOS when they are wearing shoes and may prevent inversion/eversion injuries

Question 61

function of a wedge

Answer 61

help correct flexible deformities or support rigid deformities

Question 62

what is a Thomas Heel

Answer 62

an extension of the breast of the heel anteriorly on medial side

Question 63

what does a Thomas Heel do

Answer 63

increases stability of the sole of the shoe when there is pronation

Question 64

what is a Reverse Thomas Heel

Answer 64

the breast of the heel is extended anteriorly on the lateral side

Question 65

can heel wedges be combined with Thomas/Reverse Thomas Heels?

Answer 65

yes

Question 66

the Thomas Heel (when utilized) is more likely to be used to increase the stability of the sole of the shoe when there is...

Answer 66

supination

Question 67

are Thomas Heels still popular?

Answer 67

not really

Question 68

what is a scaphoid pad

Answer 68

convex paid used within the shoe to support the longitudinal arch

Question 69

what is the proper positioning of a scaphoid pad within the shoe

Answer 69

the pad is placed under the longitudinal arch

Question 70

what is a metatarsal pad

Answer 70

soft domed shaped pad that supports the metatarsal arch and relieves pressure from the metatarsal heads by shifting pressure to the metatarsal shafts

Question 71

where should a metatarsal pad be placed

Answer 71

just posterior to the met heads and just anterior to the cuneiforms

Question 72

function of a heel spur

Answer 72

relieve pressure on the heel