Ionizing Radiation

Question 1

: Anything that has mass and occupies a space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

The _____ is the basic unit of all matter

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

: Protons + Neutrons

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

▪Number of protons
▪Same as #of electrons in a neutral atom
▪Determines the identity of the atom
▪Example: Ca has 20 protons (Atomic number is 20)

Answer 4

Atomic Number (Z)

Question 5

▪Number of protons + neutrons

Answer 5

Atomic mass (A)

Question 6

What is the name of the closest electron shell to the nucleus?

Answer 6

K shell

Question 7

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from its shell
Measured in electron Volts (eV)
Related to atomic binding

Answer 7

Binding energy

Question 8

If Z is high, there are more protons thus electrons are more _____ bound

Answer 8

Tightly bound

Question 9

Within an atom, inner or outer shells are more tightly bound?

Answer 9

Inner shells

Question 10

Process of forming a positive and negative ion by removal of an electron from a neutral atom

Answer 10

Ionization

Question 11

To ionize an atom, we need sufficient external energy to overcome the _____ and free electron

Answer 11

Binding energy

Question 12

_____ is the transmission of energy through space and matter; may occur in 2 forms: Wave and quantum theory

Answer 12

Radiation

Question 13

____ theory explains the propagation of radiation

Answer 13

Wave theory

Question 14

____ theory explains the interaction of radiation with matter

Answer 14

Quantum theory

Question 15

Propagation of radiation in form of waves (no mass)

Movement of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields.

Answer 15

Electromagnetic radiation (Wave theory)

Question 16

______ Electromagnetic radiation Does not have sufficient energy to eject an electron from the shells

Answer 16

Non-ionizing eg radiation

Question 17

______ Electromagnetic radiation Have sufficient energy to eject an electron from the shells

Answer 17

ionizing eg radiaiton

Question 18

: Distance between two successive crests

Answer 18

Wavelength

Question 19

Number of wavelength passing a particular point in time

Answer 19

Frequency:

Question 20

Speed of light (velocity)= ____ x _____

Answer 20

Frequency x Wavelength

Question 21

_____ theory of radiation:

Considers radiation as small discrete bundles of energy called photons.

Answer 21

Quantum theory

Question 22

Energy = _____/______ (quantum theory)

Answer 22

1.24/wavelength

Question 23

Rate of loss of energy from a particle as it moves through matter
▪Depends on velocity, charge and size.

Answer 23

Linear energy transfer (LET)

Question 24

Greater LET is produced how in relation to velocity, charge, and size?

Answer 24

Low Velocity
Higher charge
Bigger size

Question 25

weightless packages of pure energy (photons) without an electrical charge which travel in waves with a specific frequency and wavelength at the speed of light (3x108m/sec) and are able to ionize matter.

Answer 25

X-rays

Question 26

Properties of ____:

1. Invisible, weightless, no electric charge
2. Travels in straight lines.X-ray beam diverges over distance.
3. Travels at the speed of light
4. Highly penetrating (short wavelengths)0.01 nm to 0.1 nm
5. Differentially absorbed by matter
6. Can ionize matter
7. Produce biological changes

Answer 26

X-rays

Question 27

When transferred energy is not sufficient to overcome binding energy, e- is not ejected

Answer 27

Excitation

Question 28

▪Receiving e-is raised to higher energy level within the orbit. Instantaneously gives up this excess energy and returns to ground level

Answer 28

Excitation