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IT 360T > IT: Chapter 4: IT infrastructure: Hardware and Software > Flashcards

IT: Chapter 4: IT infrastructure: Hardware and Software Flashcards

1
Q

Data Center

A

a facility housing computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications, storage, security systems, and backup power supplies

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2
Q

IT infrastructure

A

provides the foundation, or platform, for supporting all the information systems in the business

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3
Q

Infrastructure Components ABBREV

A

CCDNT

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4
Q

Infrastructure Components

A 
Computer Hardware
Computer Software
Data management Software
Networking and telecommunications technology
Technology Services
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5
Q

Computer Hardware

A

Technology for computer processing, data storage, input and output

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6
Q

System Software

A

manages the resources and activities of the computer

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7
Q

Application Software

A

applies the computer to a specific task for an end user, such as processing an order or generating a mailing list

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8
Q

Data management software

A

organizes, manages, and processes business data concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors

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9
Q

Legacy Systems

A

generally older transaction processing systems created for older computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them

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10
Q

Workstations

A

more powerful mathematical and graphics-processing capabilities than a PC

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11
Q

Servers

A

support computer network, sharing files, and resources

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12
Q

Mainframes

A

large-capacity high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly

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13
Q

Supercomputer

A

specially designed and more sophisticated computer that is used for task requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, millions of measurements

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14
Q

Grid computing

A

involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a “virtual supercomputer” by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid

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15
Q

Distributed processing

A

the use of multiple computers linked by a communications network for processing

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16
Q

Centralized processing

A

all processing is accomplished in one large central computer

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17
Q

Client

A

the user point of entry for the required function (a desktop or a laptop)

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18
Q

Server

A

store and process shared data and also perform functions

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19
Q

Two-tiered client/server architecture

A

uses two types of machines

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20
Q

Multi-tiered client/server architecture (N-tier)

A

balances load of network over several levels of servers

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21
Q

Two servers in Multi-tiered client/server architecture

A

Web servers

Application servers

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22
Q

Web servers

A

responsible for locating and managing stored Web pages

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23
Q

Application servers

A

handles all application operations between a user and an organization’s back end business systems.

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24
Q

Peripheral devices

A

storage and input and output devices that are outside the main computer system unit

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25
Secondary Storage Technology ABBREB
MOMSIO
26
Secondary Storage Technology
``` Magnetic Disk Optical Disks Magnetic Tape Storage Networking: SANSI Input Devices Output Devices ```
27
Magnetic Disk
Hard drives, USB Flash drives
28
One type of Magnetic Disks
RAID
29
RAID
can package hundreds of drives for massive storage requirements
30
Optical Disks
CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW
31
Magnetic tape
older storage technology
32
Storage Networking: SANs
connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage
33
Input Devices
gather data and convert them into electronic form for use by the computer
34
Output devices
display data after they have been processed
35
Nanotechnolgoy
uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit
36
Virtualization
the process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location
37
Server Virtualization
running more than one operating system at the same time on single machine
38
Cloud Computing
a model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the Internet.
39
Three types of servers in Cloud Computing ABBREV
IPS
40
Three types of servers in Cloud Computing
Cloud infrastructure as a service Cloud Platform as a service Cloud Software as a service
41
Cloud infrastructure as a service
Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their information
42
Cloud Platform as a service
Customers use infrastructure and programming tolls supported by the cloud service provider to develop their own applications
43
Cloud Software as a service
Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor’s cloud infrastructure and delivered over network
44
Public Cloud
owned and maintained by a cloud service provider such as Amazon Web Service and made available to the general public or industry group
45
Private Cloud
operated solely for an organization
46
Utility Computing
purchase computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount of computing power they actually use
47
Green Computing
refers to the practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computer hardware
48
Multicore processor
an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance and reduced power consumption
49
Autonomic Computing
an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction
50
Major types of Software ABBREV
UASH
51
Major types of Software
Users Application Software System Software Hardware
52
Application software ABBREV
PFS
53
Application software
Programming Languages Fourth-generation languages Software and desktop productivity tools
54
System Software ABBREV
OLU
55
System Software
Operating system Language translators Utility Programs
56
Operating System
the system software that manages and controls the computer’s activities
57
GUIs
makes extensive use of icons, buttons, bars and boxes to perform tasks
58
Multi-touch
allow you to use one or more fingers to perform special gestures to manipulate lists or objects on a screen without using a mouse or keyboard
59
Open source
provides all computer users with free access to its program code, to fix errors and make improvements
60
COBOL
processing large data files with alphanumeric characters and for business reporting
61
C, C++
combines machine portability with tight control and efficient use of computer resources
62
Visual Basic
visual programming tool for creating applications that runs on Microsoft Windows
63
Visual programming language
allows users to manipulate graphic or iconic elements to create programs
64
Fourth-generation languages
consist of a variety of software tools that enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance or that enhances professional programmers’ productivity.
65
Software package
prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need to write their own software programs
66
Word Processing software
stores text data electronically as a computer file rather than on paper
67
Spreadsheet software
organizes data into a grid of columns and rows
68
Data management Software
has facilities for creating files and databases and for storing, modifying, and manipulating data for reports and queries
69
Presentation graphics
convert numeric data into charts and other types of graphics and can include multimedia displays of sound animation, photos, and video clips
70
Software suites
office for home and business users, ex. Microsoft office
71
Web Browsers
used for displaying Web pages and for accessing the Web and other Internet resources.
72
Java
an operating system-independent, processor independent, object-oriented programming language
73
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
page description language for specifying how text, graphic, video and sound are placed on a Web page and for creating links to other pages and objects
74
HTML 5
making it possible to embed images, audio, video and other elements directly into a document without processor-intensive add-ons
75
Web Services
A set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages.
76
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
foundation of Web Services
77
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application
78
Open Source 2
make their programs available to users under one of several licensing schemes.
79
Software as a service (SaaS)
delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service
80
Mashups
mix and match software components to create their own customized applications and too share information with others
81
Apps
small pieces of software that are generally delivered over the internet.
82
Capacity planning
the process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated
83
Scalability
ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down
84
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model
used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology
85
Outsourcing
contract with an external service provider to run their computer center and networks, to develop new software, or to manage all of the components of their IT infrastructures
86
Web hosting Service
maintains large Web servers, or a series of servers,
87
Offshore software outsourcing
when firms outsource software work outside their national borders
88
Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
formal contract between customers and their service providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer.
89
Software localization
entire process of converting software to operate in a second language

IT 360T (10 decks)

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