Italian Unification Flashcards

1
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

June 1815- restored European powers

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2
Q

Troppau Protocol

A

1820- signed between Austria, Prussia and Russia- collective action against revolution

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3
Q

Where did uprisings occur in 1831?

A

Modena, Parma and the Papal States

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4
Q

When was Young Italy founded?

A

March 1831

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5
Q

Who was elected in June 1846?

A

Pope Pius IX

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6
Q

When was the Milan tobacco boycott?

A

January 1848

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7
Q

Where were liberal constitutions granted in February 48?

A

Tuscany and Sicily

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8
Q

Who granted the Statuto?

A

Charles Albert

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9
Q

5 Days of Milan

A

17-22 March 1848- forced Radetzsky to withdraw to Quadrilateral

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10
Q

2 things that happened 22nd March 1848

A

Venetian Rep. declared

Piedmont declared war o Austria

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11
Q

Papal Allocution

A

29 April 1848- Pope sides with Austria in war, condemns Piedmont/nationalist cause

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12
Q

Battle of Custoza

A

24 July 1848- Austrian victory

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13
Q

Armistice of Solasco

A

11 August 1848

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14
Q

PM Rossi was murdered when and where?

A

November 1848 in Rome

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15
Q

Fall of the Roman Republic?

A

3 July 1849

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16
Q

Cavour made PM?

A

November 1852

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17
Q

Battle of Chernaya Rechka

A

August 1855- Piedmontese involvement in Crimea

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18
Q

Congress of Paris

A

Feb 1856- Piedmont joins European powers

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19
Q

Orsini Affair

A

January 1858- Orsini tries to assassiate Napoleon and then appeals to him re nationalist cause

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20
Q

Plombieres meeting?

A

July 1858- Cavour and Napoleon agree to support each other in war against Austria

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21
Q

2nd War of Independence declared

A

29 April 1859

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22
Q

2 main battles of 2nd War

A

Solferino and Magenta- huge losses

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23
Q

Treaty of Villafranca

A

11 July 1859- Lombardy given to Piedmont, done behind Cavour’s back by Napoleon

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24
Q

Treaty of Turin

A

21 January 1860- Nice and Savoy go to France

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25
Q

Garibaldi arrives at Marsala?

A

11 May 1860

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26
Q

Calatafimi

A

15 May- beat Neopolitan army

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27
Q

Palermo

A

29th May- G beats far larger army within 3 days

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28
Q

Garibaldi arrives at mainland

A

18 August

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29
Q

Garibaldi reaches Naples

A

7 September- given hero’s welcome with no conflict

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30
Q

Teano meeting

A

26 October- Garibaldi hands conquests to VE2

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31
Q

Kingdom of Italy declared

A

March 1861

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32
Q

Brigands War

A

1860-65- 120,000 soldiers against southerners- most bloody conflict of unification

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33
Q

Syllabus of Errors

A

1864- Pope condemns liberalism

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34
Q

Austro-Prussian War

A

June 1866

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35
Q

Italy declares war on Austria (1866)

A

20th June 1866

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36
Q

Two embarrassments against Austria..

A

Lissa and Custoza

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37
Q

Treaty of Prague

A

August 1866- Venetia ceded to Piedmont via France and Austria

38
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

July 1870- withdrawal of 20,000 troops from Rome

39
Q

Italy take Rome

A

20 September 1870

40
Q

Rome officially added to Italy

A

9 October 1870

41
Q

Who ruled Piedmont in 1831?

A

Charles Albert- House Savoy

42
Q

Who controlled Lombardy and Venetia?

A

Austria

43
Q

Who ruled Parma in 1830?

A

Duchess Marie Louise (Napoleon’s wife)

44
Q

Who ruled Tuscany in 1830?

A

Grand Duke Ferdinand III

45
Q

Who ruled Modena in 1830?

A

Duke Francis VI

46
Q

Who ruled the Papal States

A

Pope

47
Q

Who ruled the 2 Sicilies in 1830

A

Ferdinand II- House Bourbon

48
Q

Who planned the Modena uprisings 1831?

A

Enrico Misley

49
Q

Who founded Young Italy?

A

Mazzini

50
Q

Who wrote Le Speranze d’Italia?

A

Balbo- united Italy under Piedmont’s leadership

51
Q

Neo Guelphism

A

Federal Italy led by Pope- Gioberti

52
Q

Who resigned on 13 March 1848?

A

Metternich

53
Q

Who did Cavour sign trade deals with?

A

Britain, Portugal, France, Belgium

54
Q

Who was Cavour buddies with?

A

Napoleon III

55
Q

Who united the South?

A

Garibaldi

56
Q

By how much did cereal productivity increase 1825-55?

A

25%

57
Q

By the end of the 1800s how many estates were in Piedmont?

A

800,000

58
Q

How many people died from malaria each year?

A

330,000

59
Q

How many km of railway was there by 1850?

A

620km

60
Q

How many roads went South of Rome

A

2- 5/6 villages in Naples were connected by dirt tracks

61
Q

By how much did GDP grow 1830-60?

A

0.5%

62
Q

Population in 1800

A

17.8 million

63
Q

Population in 1850

A

24 million

64
Q

Average life expectancy

A

30

65
Q

How many people died of cholera in Palermo 1837?

A

27000

66
Q

What percentage spoke Italian 1871?

A

2.3%

67
Q

Illiteracy rate

A

2/3

68
Q

How many Carbonari members were there in Naples?

A

60,000

69
Q

How many political prisoners were released after papal reform in 1847?

A

2000

70
Q

How many people died of cholera in Sicily 1836?

A

65,000- 10% of population

71
Q

How much did Austria get from the Lombardy tobacco tax?

A

5 million lire per year

72
Q

How many people could vote under the Statuto?

A

2% of population

73
Q

How many political exiles stayed in Piedmont due to the Statuto?

A

30,000

74
Q

How much did Piedmontese trade grow by in the 1850s?

A

300%

75
Q

How much of Italy’s 2404km of railway was in Piedmont in 1861?

A

40%

76
Q

How much money was invested in railways by 1858?

A

280 million francs

77
Q

What was Piedmontese debt by 1859?

A

725 million lire

78
Q

How many troops went to Crimea?

A

15,000

79
Q

How many troops did Napoleon promise at Plombieres?

A

200,000

80
Q

How many troops did Piedmont gather for the 2nd War?

A

60,000

81
Q

How many doctors per casualty were there at Solferino?

A

1 per 500- 40,000 casualties

82
Q

How many people voted against unification in Emilia out of 430,000?

A

756

83
Q

How many brigands were there in Naples 1862?

A

82,000

84
Q

What was public debt by 1861?

A

2450 million lire- 60% expenditure

85
Q

How many people died in 1869 macinato riots?

A

250

86
Q

How many people voted against joining Italy in Venice?

A

69

87
Q

What percentage of army officers were Piedmontese by 1870?

A

66%

88
Q

What percentage of bureaucrats were in Rome?

A

10%

89
Q

What was the under 5 child mortality rate in 1871?

A

50%

90
Q

How many people left Italy in 1871?

A

120,000

91
Q

By 1871, how many people could vote?

A

500,000- 2.2%