iv EMERGENCE OF REPUBLICAN PARTY

Question 1

what lands werent dealt with by the comproise of 1850

Answer 1

the unsettled terriortys from the louisiana purchase. the comprimise of 1850 had only decided what would happen to the lands won in the mexican american war. leaving th question of slavery in other areas of america unknown

Question 2

what were the breif detils of the 1854 kansas nebraska act

Answer 2

Stephen douglas proposed that the territory should be split ibto two seperate areas kansas and nebraska
> this is becasuse the areas couldnt be surveyed and sold unless there was territories ad there was money to be made.
>douglas argued that the issue of slavery in each area would be decided by pop sov which he thought he could get away with as it had worked in compriise of 1850. However th wasnt the case as the act was undermining the preexistant rulings of the missouri compromise from the 39 30 line

Question 3

breifly describe peoples feeling on the kansas nebraska act

Answer 3

southern leaders supported it because they assumed missouri farmers would move the to terriories and take there slaves with them and thus vote for it
howevernortherners hated it as they thought it directly conflicted the missouri compromise.
pierce also liked it as he wanted to pass manifest destiny

Question 4

what did stephen douglas want

Answer 4

> he wanted nebraska to become a teriorty and in order to get this passed he wanted the support of southern senators
He wanted a repeal of the missouri compromise leaving it up to pop sov instead
divide nebraska into two areas , kansas and nebraska

Question 5

what were douglasses motives

Answer 5

he was confident his bill wouldnt cause distain as slavery exanding north was still unlikely even with pop sov
he didnt want the settlement of the west to be stalled by the sectional strife as he himself wanted to see the trans contnental railway built as it would benefit him and his land
he though it would enhance his own oolitical representation and help him ne day reach presidencial nominee

Question 6

what was the caneing of sumner

Answer 6

> 1856 a congressman charles sumner in the senate was giving a speech on violence in kansas when he was attaced and canes by abolitionist nrthern senatory preston brooks who violently beat him with a cane

Question 7

who were the missourians of kansas

Answer 7

pro slavery settlers who would aim to expand slavery they illegally voted in the pop sov election to try and get a pro slavery leglislature elected

Question 8

what was the massachussets emigrant aid company

Answer 8

a northern comoany that sponsered over 1500 northenrers to settle in kansas in effort ot crate a free terrirory

Question 9

why was the struggle for control in kansas apparent

Answer 9

becasuse two seperate elections were held

Question 10

events of 1855 kansas elections

Answer 10

march 1855 kansas elected fir4st territorial leglislature and hundreds of missouri border ruffians corssed over ot illegally vote

Question 11

what was the lecompton pro lavery govt

Answer 11

leglistlation that met at lecoptn that was cominted by pro slavery proceeded to pass a series of leglislature orgasied

Question 12

what was the topeka govt

Answer 12

a free soil government by free state settlers in the topeka region denied the validity of the pro slavery govt and they were divided into moderates and fanatics who fanatics were radical abolitojists and moderates were jsut racists who didnt want blacks in the area slaver or free as they feared them

Question 13

explain “bleeding kansas” and peirces involvement

Answer 13

peirce had to appint a new governeer Joh geary who managed to patch up a truce beetween the two sides but non the less. bleeding kansas became a area of fear for northerners and a rallying cry for what they believed t be slave power at work

Question 14

what was the sacking of lawrence

Answer 14

a pro slavery 1856 pose trying to arrest free state leaders sacked and burned several buildings in lawrence a free state area. However the story was massively blown out of proportion by northern press

Question 15

how did the caneing of usmner lead to mor tensions than bleeding anasas

Answer 15

sumners fate actually brought the issue of slave expansion ot congres f rht frist time divisoons were opnely reveald and displayed instead of being hushed up by things like the gag rule

Question 16

what was the pottawatomie creek massacre

Answer 16

fervernt abolitnist john brown and several of his sons murdered five pro slavery settlers at the creek out of anger ad his actions however led for tit for tat kiling effectively labelled by northeren press as a “mini civil war”

Question 17

summarise why the two party system largely collapsed by 1850s

Answer 17

thw whig supoort was heavily divided and with a rise in abolitioism peopl ewere optng for alterntive partys
souther politicians were planters aimed at controlling the presidency.

Question 18

what was the emergence of the republican party led up to by

Answer 18

northern whigs united in there opposition to kansas nebraska but lost a sense of leadership following the deaths of henry clay and daneil webster in 1852
the free siler party had played a spoiler role in the presidencial eleceions

Question 19

give a summary of why the two party system ulitmately collapsed

Answer 19

> the decline of the ehig party leading to their 1852 electon failure let a gap for the dominating northern party tht the new republicans could the fill
sectionalism was a key issue northern democrats wanted to deffect somehwre
democrats had borader appeal to 3 million northern immigrats
whgs failed tyo capitilise n the people dislike on imigration and instead tried to present htemselves as friendly toward sit which was a bad decision as it pushed people to know nothings instead. The immigrants they targetted didnt even vote for them as they diddnt want freed slaves taking jobs

Question 20

explain thouriughly why the whug decline contributed to the rise of the republicans

Answer 20

by 1852 webster and whig had died and whigs were loosing intergrity, this was only exasperated when the whig party failed ot cater to northern nativists who defeected then to the know nothings. In the north peopl wer now lokin gfor a nother part as the whigs were over focued on immigrants and cstholics a failed marketing strategy

Question 21

how did the political implications of the kansas nebraska act lead to republican rising

Answer 21

1854 mid term elections meant that the democrats were blamed for the kansas nebraska act and lost all but 23 of their free state seats in congress. this left a blakc hle as no whigs to fill and meant the northern republicans and north only part has a chance to “flood in”

Question 22

how do the factor of the kansas nebraska act and the whig decline link together

Answer 22

the whigs political decline was partly further lengened by this as the act caused north and south sectional divides in hte party effectively killing all its southern influence all togther so it had failed as a party for all americans

Question 23

how did the problems faced by know nothing party lead to a rise in repulican popularity

Answer 23

the know nothings had origianlly been succesful at exploiting anti slavery and nativists issue however this was all stopped when they tried to stay a national party whuhc meant they would have to drop its anti kansas nebraska position, this didnt really help 9ncrease southern populairty and infact decreased norther supoort os thy were failing at being this nationwide party , ther eparty conference also led to there collapse as non of them coiuld agree on anything. A decline in immigration by mid 1850s also meant there ntivist sympahtisers were no longer as invested “the know nothings do nothing” became popular as there promises never worke ot due to sectional compromise

Question 24

How did nathanial banks becoming speakor of the HOR lead to more republican popularity

Answer 24

after a great struggle nathaniel aks an ex kn nothing fro the north afte rnativists plit northa nd south became first replucia n speaker of the house amd he was an ex know nothing now republican the republicsans now semed the obvious northern choice

Question 25

what were the main republican policys

Answer 25

issues that brought ther party together were ; 1. the repeal of kansas nebraska as they believed it was goin got cause economic concrns if it became a slave area 2. support of central route for transconinental rail road construction 3. support of homestead acts which would ease the process for settlers to own western lands 4. support of high tarifs and iberal immigration laws. importanrtly thry were a party of working white men they apposed slavery because rhey didnt want it to spread and compete with there paid labour. .

Question 26

why was it not a weakness for htem that the republicans were only a northern party unlike there whig and now nothing predecessors

Answer 26

because the north had a majority inb oth houses of congrss so if they won all the north thed carry congress and in theory the presidency. they were fially accepting sectionalism

Question 27

why was it important the republicans becme a north only party

Answer 27

becaue if they gained dominacne and control of government then southernrs would have no power oor say in anything tht hapened in governement whihc was a bad thing for threats of sesession

Question 28

what date did the republican party reach each of its states

Answer 28

1853: new hampshire 1854: ,ichigan, penn,iowa,wisconsin,cali,virginia,maine 1855: new york, indiana connecticvut 1856-59: new jersey rhode island

Question 29

explain in detail why the republicans became the dominant anti democrat party.

Answer 29

.They attempted to recreate the political centre .the know nothings were popular in the north and they had inlence in th eosuth too they attempted to unite the nation on seperate issues such as nativism. abolitionists also joined know nothings. conservative whigs also found a home here as they were keen on anti catholic stances and nativism however the know nothings failed at having a national convention because the party sly couldnt unite from hte sectional divide of slavery. so the succes of inital bonding over natyivism was false. by 1857 the know nothngs nrether supoort was therefore beginning to collapse as northern slave fering conservative whigs and abolitinist ortherners instead felt attracted to the republicans that were an undivided party just for them nativism and know nthings later ided whenpeople became toreable after the civil war whe they fought for the union.

Question 30

why did the republicans appeal to northerners

Answer 30

the republicans werent hopelessly trying to join people together these angry northerners didnt want to asociate themselves with a party that simply ignored main issues. the republicans were attractive they had a clear stance against slaverys expansion that many abolitonist and non aboltionists prefered to ignorance

Question 31

who was the democratic candidate for the 1856 election give details

Answer 31

James buchanan, pennsylvania; spent four decade in public services as a northener he was accepable to southerner because he was from penn a crucial election winning state . he was by far their strongest candiadte and he had southern leaning values

Question 32

who was the republican candidate

Answer 32

John c Fremont. 43 years old born in south but from cali he had a lawful career as a western explorer and he was na ex know nothing and a senator for 17 days he was worshipped there and called "the concquerer of california".

Question 33

who was the know nothing candidate

Answer 33

millard fillmore from new york and he was pro south he believed that their way of life should be protected as should the north

Question 34

results of the election

Answer 34

> sectiona divide as buchanan only won 5 northern states > fillmare only got 21% of the vote and 8 electoral collage with the state of maine > fremont got 33% and 114 electoral collage whihc was considered a win for the new party as they had been a decent cntender against buchanan > Buchanna however got 45percent of bote and carried 174 electoral collage votes winning all but one southern state and penn,nj,indianna illinois and california

Question 35

why was the election of 1856 so significant

Answer 35

>whilst on paper it was a defeat the republicans had still achieved there goal of beocming th largeest and most powerful oppositon to the democrats and thy had stolen over half of the know nothings votes > the election marked the end of the know nothings small time as the most dominant northern party illustrating ho people were sick of them "doing nothin" > it was concerning for buchanan becuse if fremont had won illinois and penn he instead would have won the presidency whih scares the democrats > this elction showed how unsafe they were in their position and gave the republicans hope for the midterm congress election takin gplace in 1858 > it also correlates to the rise of abolitonism

Question 36

give a breif summary of buchananas time as president

Answer 36

in office from 1857-61 and during his time seven southern states secceded and eh brouyght the nation ot hte brink of a civil war. as president he tried to maintain peace but tensions only eneded up escalating further and he brough the nation to the brink f civil war

Question 37

why did peirce get replaced by buchanan

Answer 37

he was unpopular after his failings witht the kansas nebraska act prior

Question 38

what was buchanans fromer role under pierce

Answer 38

in 1853 peirce made buchanan a minister to great britain in whiuhc he helped write the ofstend manifesto which would in hteory help america take cuba from spain but this was never realised as many feared cuba woul dbe a slave state

Question 39

what did buchanan do to try and decrease tensions inside of goverment whhy did it fail

Answer 39

uppon election he comrpised his cabinet as a mixutre of southern and northerners hoping to keep peace beetween both sides, instead hoewever tensions only grew more as the sides fought and bchanan was hated by his former northern suporters as they believed he didn not care about the north and he had southern leanings. [made worse by dred scott] he was blmed for bias towards southern interests

Question 40

what was the significance of buchanans childhood and early career

Answer 40

alone batcheolor parents succedsful irish immigrnts and he was a successful lawyer snd it was evident by the way he spoke snd csrried his speech. good expirence wth foreighn policy

Question 41

any significance of his suspected homosexuality

Answer 41

love of life died william rufus king was his alleged lover but he burned all documents before dying. he was nicknamed as being "aunt Nancy"

Question 42

what two things identified his southern leaning quickly

Answer 42

, knew about dred scott and supported northerners to just agree blindly , he supported the pro slavery constitution in kansas

Question 43

reasons for buchnanans southern connections

Answer 43

. supporter of pop sov and kansas nebraska act became friends with southern politicans like william rufus king didnt like the north

Question 44

what was a final reason for buchanan being incrdedibly unpopular with northerners

Answer 44

he was a supporter of the lecompton constituion whihc wwould have allowed a slave state kansas , then this was turned down and the republcans gained a plurality in congress and blocked the agendas of buchanan whihc angered him and made him begin vetoing their proposals. allin all his presidiency was unsuccessful on the basis that he reated further and further sectional tensions

Question 45

who was dred scott

Answer 45

>a slave from northern missouri who moved around to places like illinois and wisconsin with his master and both were free states and whilst in wisconin him his master and his wife moved back to wisocnsin > he sues masters widow on account for his contuined enslavement depite spending years in free states >took case to misouri courts with help of missouri ant slave lawyers evemtuslly reached supreme court

Question 46

how did scotts case reach supreme court and what happened

Answer 46

>scottwent >before mssouri courts claiming freedom on the grounds that he had lived in a free state and a free terriorty > the case became ong and drawn out and by march 1857 had reached the supreme court. >after months of deliberation roger taney the chief justice made a decision >the court comprised of five southerners and four northerners

Question 47

what was the verdict of the dred scott case

Answer 47

it was decided that >scott couldnt sue for his reights as black americnas slave or free werent entitled to the same rights and libertys as whites >scotts temporary stay in illinois didnt make him a free man > the missouri comromise 30.36 ban was made illegal and all slaves could be brought into any terriotres as the federal govt had no control over the peoples property

Question 48

what was suspicious about buchanan and the dred scott case

Answer 48

He referred to the case ijn his innagural address and claimed to not know the verdict whihc is suspected to be false as he knew roger taney so it was a seeming giveaway he told the ameican public tgo not worry about the verdict saying he was readty to "cheerfully submit" and urged all good citezens i do ikewise

Question 49

what was the northern reaction to this decision

Answer 49

>the northern e-people launched an outcry an called for a corruption of the federal govt > the fugitive slave lawr was boycotted and northern states passed personal liberty laws in response which angered the southern press and further exasperstedd the us vs them mentality that the south and north held >northern newspapers launched a feirce onslaught to the sc and some editers even talked of defying the law entirely >however the judgmeent easier to denounce than defy as it simply in short annuled a law that had alread y been repealed by kansas nebreaksa >portests died down when dred scott recived aboitinist fundng and was able to purchase freedom >

Question 50

how does the dred scott case demonstrate buchanans success/failure as a president

Answer 50

the allged talkes beetween roger taney and buchanan made half the nation [republicans] immediatly resent and detest buchanan for his alleged corruption and his pledge of reducing sectional divide had failed from the start, the case was actually seen by some northerners as ant attempt to outlaw the reublicsns and wht they belived in, any populairty buchnana had in the north was now thratened and liely to disapear. the presidents popualriry was now completely sectional with southerners seeing him as a defender of therere rights and northerners as a prohibiter of theirs

Question 51

what does states rights refer to

Answer 51

refers to the struggles pf power beetween the federal govt and the individual states, most southerners by 1850 wished to have slave power by having their states rights so things should be decided at state rather than federal level.

Question 52

how did the southerners defend their supoosed states rights

Answer 52

through the tenth ammendment to the constitution that stated any right not explicitly given to the federal gov wa sto be adminstered to the states , some even accepeted callhouns view that individual states had the right to nulify any law they disagreed with

Question 53

how does state rights link to the rise of the republicans

Answer 53

it seemed evidence of northern intnent to abolish slavery and thus restrcit slave rights in the eyes of southerners ad they then feared tha t republican dominated federal govt would infringe on their states rights. alot of thhis was over paranoia as the free states had no where near the a75 % needed to pass an ammendment on slavery

Question 54

what caused the panic of 1857

Answer 54

.a fincnaial crisis casued by the worldwide issue of currency overvaluation in britain causing ht efirst worldwide collapse in the financial market . after the failure of ohio life insurance and trust company th eoanick spread as businesses failed and stock markets crumbled. . the railroad industry suffered ashundreds laid off due to less desire for western expansions

Question 55

how did dred scott link to the panic of 1857

Answer 55

the dred scott case caused northern investors to not want to invest in the western land due to the fact that ther was now a possiblity of slavery in the area whuhc could outconoet theur free labour market

Question 56

timeline of the panic including how t actually led to further tensions

Answer 56

early 1850 western expansionism develpoed north casuing the north to feela sense of econmic success ver the south > railroad and outward industry bergn to develpop however by 57 the value of westenr land with it becming more coommonly owned had plumeted so it meant that investors began to to pull out and caused panic the southern marketys however contiued exportig cotton and dong exeptioally wel the south ststes they had saved the econmy and held it over the north in s sense, they believed there way of lfe was superior this further grew rensions higlhitihing buchanans failure at a uified state as urban riots became commin

Question 57

how did the north however domestically twsit the blame for the oanic of 185 on southerners even though they claimed to be the ones that were saving the economy as having the inly stable marekt during the panic

Answer 57

they said that southerners weree responsible for the dred sctott court decison whhc had argyebly undemrined the stablitiy o the neyl discovered western territories as their industrial development ws less likely to be invested on due to the now possible slavery of the areas , however planters just saw the oanic as a simple validation of the souther ay of lving as being supioro wich they bragged about thereafter

Question 58

what did senator hammind say regsrding the securityt of sotuyhern industry in the panic of 1857

Answer 58

cotton is king

Question 59

ddd