Jane's Abstract review Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs Fron Vet Sci Arzi, Cissell, Verstrate What were the components of the reconstruction?
A
Combination of intraoral and extraoral approaches Locking titanium plate Compression Resistant Matric infused with BMP
3
Q
Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs Fron Vet Sci Arzi, Cissell, Verstrate What were the results of the case series?
A
Rostral mandibular defects in 5 dogs 3 dogs healed with intact gingival covering 2 dogs had complication of focal plate exposure and dehiscence
4
Q
Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs Fron Vet Sci Arzi, Cissell, Verstrate How were the complications managed?
A
Covered exposed plates with mucosal flaps and re-sutured
5
Q
Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs Fron Vet Sci Arzi, Cissell, Verstrate What were the follow up findings?
A
Mineralized tissue palpated at 2 weeks Solid bone formation within 3 months CT findings at 6 months showed newly regenerated mandibular bone with increased mineral volume
6
Q
Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: a prospective study on 114 cases Vet Journal Bonfanti, Bertazzolo, Gracis What was the aim of the study?
A
To compare the results of cytological examinations of lesions following FNA, FN insertion and impression smears with histopath results
7
Q
Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: a prospective study on 114 cases Vet Journal Bonfanti, Bertazzolo, Gracis What was diagnostic accuracies of dogs with neoplasia?
A
86 total samples with FNA, FNI and impression smears compared to histopath results FNA= 98% FNI=98% Impression smears=92%
8
Q
Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: a prospective study on 114 cases Vet Journal Bonfanti, Bertazzolo, Gracis What was the diagnostic accuracies of cats with neoplasia?
A
FNA=96% FNI= 96% Impression smear= 96%
9
Q
Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: a prospective study on 114 cases Vet Journal What was the conclusion of the study?
A
The high agreement with histopath suggests that cytological examinations by FNI, FNA and IS are all appropriate methods to correctly diagnose lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats
10
Q
Vertical Mandibular Range of Motion in Anesthetized Dogs and Cats Front Sci Gracis, Zini How was the study designed?
A
260 dogs–divided into 4 subgroups based on BW 127 cats
11
Q
Vertical Mandibular Range of Motion in Anesthetized Dogs and Cats Front Sci Gracis, Zini What were the results?
A
Dogs <5 kg = 67 mm Dogs 5-10 kg= 93 mm Dogs 10-25 kg= 115 mm Dogs >25 kg = 134 mm Cats= 62 mm
12
Q
Vertical Mandibular Range of Motion in Anesthetized Dogs and Cats Front Sci Gracis, Zini What were the conclusions?
A
The vmROM and body weight were positively correlated in all populations except dog group 5-10 kg
13
Q
Crown preservation of the mandiubalr first molar tooth impatct the strength and stiffness of 3 non-invasive fracture repair constructs in dogs Front Vet Sci Lothamer, Snyder What were the objectives of the study?
A
To test the strength and stiffness of 3 noninvasive mandibular fracture repair constructs and to characterize the impact that tooth crown preservation has on fixation strength for fractures occurring at the M1 LOCATION
14
Q
Crown preservation of the mandiubalr first molar tooth impatct the strength and stiffness of 3 non-invasive fracture repair constructs in dogs Front Vet Sci Lothamer, Snyder How was it designed?
A
3 Treatment Groups 1.) composite only 2.) interdental wiring and composite 3.) transmucosal fixation screw and composite Crowns of teeth were amputated at the alveolar margin to simulate corwn loss on fixation strength and stiffness
15
Q
Crown preservation of the mandiubalr first molar tooth impatct the strength and stiffness of 3 non-invasive fracture repair constructs in dogs Front Vet Sci Lothamer, Snyder What were the results?
A
Interdental wiring and composite demonstrated the greatest bending stiffness and load to failure IWC was best for mandibles with crown was removed compared to the other 2 groups All 3 were better with crowns than without
16
Q
Bacterial profile of necrotic pulps in Cheetah J Zoo Wild Med Almasa, Bosman
A
36 microbial samples from 19 cheetahs Cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial as well as PCR for the last 6 collected samples 54% of cultures were gram positive 45% of cultures were gram negative 63% were facultative anaerobes 28% were aerobic 8.4% were strict anaerobes Similar % for PCR results Best antimicrobials were amikacin and gentamicin
17
Q
Dental and TMJ joint pathology of the eastern pacific harbor seal J Comp Path Aalderink, Nguyen, Kass
A
214 skulls examined Maxillary molar teeth had high variability of tooth roots Tooth fracture was rare as were periapical lesions Most common site for supernummerary were manidublar first premolars Over half of all speciments had alveolar bony changes consistent with periodontitis 34% had signs of TMJ osteoarthritis The left mandibular fossa was the most common location for TMJ-OA Bottom line: TMJ and perio problems in seals
18
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What was the objective?
A
To describe internal fixation for maxillofacial fractures using titanium miniplates and outcomes in 7 dogs
19
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What surgical approaches were used in the 7 dogs?
A
A combination of extra- and intra-oral surgical approaches
20
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What type of mini-plates were used?
A
Titanium non-locking miniplate
21
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate How long was the return to function?
A
Immediate return to normal function and occlusion
22
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate Why did one patient have the miniplates removed 1.5 years later?
A
Patient developed nasal aspergillosis
23
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What was the outcome for the 7 dogs?
A
Excellent long-term function and general lack of complications
24
Q
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What was the outcome for the 7 dogs?
A
Excellent long-term function and general lack of complications
25
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate Why did one patient have the miniplates removed 1.5 years later?
Patient developed nasal aspergillosis
26
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate How long was the return to function?
Immediate return to normal function and occlusion
27
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What type of mini-plates were used?
Titanium non-locking miniplate
28
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What surgical approaches were used in the 7 dogs?
A combination of extra- and intra-oral surgical approaches
29
Internal Fixation of Severe Maxillofacial Fractures in Dogs Vet Surg Arzi and Verstrate What was the objective?
To describe internal fixation for maxillofacial fractures using titanium miniplates and outcomes in 7 dogs
30
Dental and TMJ joint pathology of the eastern pacific harbor seal J Comp Path Aalderink, Nguyen, Kass
214 skulls examined Maxillary molar teeth had high variability of tooth roots Tooth fracture was rare as were periapical lesions Most common site for supernummerary were manidublar first premolars Over half of all speciments had alveolar bony changes consistent with periodontitis 34% had signs of TMJ osteoarthritis The left mandibular fossa was the most common location for TMJ-OA Bottom line: TMJ and perio problems in seals
31
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis",*
What was the inclusion criteria for cats in the study?
* Full mouth extractions performed and non-responsive
* No major co-morbidities
* no steroids or immunosuppressives (D/C'd 2 weeks before trial)
* negative for FIV, FeLV
32
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs",*
What does LAHSHAL stand for in the classification system, what do upper and lower case letters mean?
Each letter represents an anatomic location
(L = lip, A = alveolus, H = hard palate, and S = soft palate).
In this diagrammatic classification system, letters to the left of the S represent defects on the right side of the soft palate at midline and vice versa.
Uppercase and lowercase letters represent complete or incomplete defects, respectively.
33
In Winer JN, Verstraete FJM, Cissell DD, Lucero S, Athanasiou KA, Arzi B, "*The application of 3-dimensional printing for
preoperative planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats.",*
What were the most comon reasons for utilizing 3-D printing?
1. Mandibular reconstruction (20/32) due to mandibulectomy (12) or fracture non union (6 dogs 2 cats)
2. mapping osteotomy for TMJ ankylosis/pseudoankylosis (4)
3. assessment of palatal defects (2)
4. understanding complex anatomy for neoplasia (2 dogs 1 cat)
5. understanding altered anatomy due to trauma (2 dogs)
34
In Doering S, Arzi B, Barich CR, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM, "*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized
brachycephalic dogs*",
What was the design of the study?
* retrospective
* 19 brachycephalic dogs with CBCT and dental rads
* evaluated visibility of 26 pre-defined landmarks in each of the CBCT modes and on dental rads
* Panoramic, 3-D mode and in MPR (slice by slice)
35
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
"*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
What was performed in this study?
Retrospective
Cohort of 19 brachycephalic dogs with dental disease
comparison of diagnostic ability 31 disorders in 10 categories:
dental radiographs Vs. 3 modes of CBCT (3D, Pano and Slices methodologies)
36
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " *Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats*",
What was the design of this study?
24 cats,
28d study period with crossover, with cleaning between
dental diet versus no dental diet
compared QLF images with modified logan and boyce index
Evaluated intra-, inter- observer variability as well as effect of the diet.
37
In Fiani N, Verstraete FJM, Arzi B "*Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders*",
What is the most important factor in formation of primary clefts?
Genetics
(others are environmental teratogens, mystic emanations etc.)
38
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
What was most common: Cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP) or both lip and palate (CLP)?
* Cleft palate 23/32
* Cleft lip (5/32)
* Cleft lip and palate (4/32)
39
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
What was the goal of the study?
To apply a more accurate and detailed characterization system for palatal defects in dogs.
40
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
What was the most common LAHSHAL type identified in cleft palate dogs?
HSH (21/23)
hSh (2/23)
41
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
Rank the following shapes of cleft palate defects from most to least common:
parallel, oval, pyriform, divergent
Pyriform (43%)
Parallel (22%)
Oval (17%)
Divergent (13%)
42
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
What additional bone was deformed in most dogs in the study overall?
Vomer
CLP (100%)
CP (74%)
CL (20%)
43
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
What skull type appears to be predisposed to CL and CLP, but not to CP?
Brachycephalic -
80% of CL;
100 % of CLP
only 44% of CP - 56% mesaticephalic
44
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
Among CL and CLP defects, between which teeth did the alveolar defect usually reside?
what other 3 dental/maxillofacial defects were common?
Second and third incisors (100%)
Deviated permanent incisor teeth,
(persistent) deciduous incisor teeth,
Nonfused incisivomaxillary and vomeroincisive sutures
45
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
Which side was more commonly associated with cleft lip, and what is the proposed embryological reason?
* Left sided lip clefts more common, and this is also reported in humans
* Discrepancy in the laterality of lip and alveolus clefts is explained by differences in embryological events during palatogenesis - the left palatal shelf goes into a horizontal position later than the right, allowing a wider timeframe for abnormalities to occur
46
In Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM, "*Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs*",
How many indvividual LAHSHAL classifications were found in this study?
What were the limitations of the LASHSAL system as applied to dogs?
9 LAHSHAL subtypes detected. 2 in CP, rest in CL and CLP cases
No accounting for severity
No accounting for shape of lesion
47
In Fiani N, Verstraete FJM, Arzi B "Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders",
What are 3 reasons to delay surgery until 4-6 months of age?
1 - more growth = more tissue to harvest for closure
2 - surgery will interfere with maxillorfacial growth more if performed when younger
3. permanent teeth if unerupted my erupt and be malpositioned or interfere with repair when they do erupt
48
In Fiani N, Verstraete FJM, Arzi B "*Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders*",
What is the first phase of a staged approach and what are 2 reasons to opt to perform a staged procedure?
Phase 1 is selective dental extractions
Phase 2 is definitive repair
Reasons
1. Minimal soft tissue available and extraction will allow harvest of more tissue
2. Teeth are erupting into the cleft and will interfere with repair
49
In Fiani N, Verstraete FJM, Arzi B "*Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders*",
What is the most common complication and what are the purported reasons?
Dehiscence
1. tension at the surgical site
2. poor surgical technique
3. occlusal interference (lower canine)
50
In Fiani N, Verstraete FJM, Arzi B "*Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders*",
In which order should the repair proceed?
* Repair of lip, nasal planum, rostral portion of floor of nose
* Repair of palatal defect
* Repair of floor of nose, gingival margin, alveolar and labial mucosa
1. Repair of palatal defect
2. Repair of floor of nose, gingival margin, alveolar and labial mucosa
3. Repair of lip, nasal planum, rostral portion of floor of nose
Note - work central to peripheral - separating nose from mouth is the goal, and a cosmetic notch in the lip is acceptable.
51
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*",
How many stem cells were delivered, what was their source, and how many times were they given?
20 million
allogenic adipose derived stem cells from 3 SPF donor cats
given on day 0 and 1 month later (20 million per dose)
52
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*",
How were the stem cells tracked to ensure their target delivery to the oral cavity? What other tissues had high levels of detection, why?
ASCs were radiolabeled with Technetium and administered to three additional FCGS affected cats and one healthy SPF cat.
Whole body images taken with a gamma camera 1h, 6h, 24h after injection
Cat with FCGS had more uptake in oral cavity than controls
lungs - trapping of cells in capillary beds
kidney/bladder - filtration of dissociated radioisotope
53
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*",
What are 4 mechanisms by which stem cells cause immunomodulation?
1. MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation,
2. alter B-cell function,
3. downregulate MHC II on antigen-presenting cells
4. inhibit dendritic cell maturation and differentiation
54
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*"
What histopathologic changes were seen in cats that responded versus cats that did not respond?
Upon completion of the study, a complete return to normal tissue architecture was observed in the biopsies of cats with complete clinical remission or substantial clinical improvement.
The biopsies from the cat with no clinical improvement were consistent with severe lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic ulcerative stomatitis prior to and after treatment
55
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., *"Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*"
What differences were seen in results compared to the similar study using autologous stem cell therapy with respect to number improved, and time to cure?
* 4/7 responded in this study, 5/7 in the autologous study
* time to cure was ~12-20 months for this study versus 3-9 months for autologous study
*
56
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*"
Which cats were less likely to respond to ASC treatment?
cats with more severe systemic inflammation as measured by
* neutrophil count,
* interferon gamma
* globulin count
57
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis"*
Which T-cell subset change was predictive of response to therapy in the autologous stem cell trial, but was not predictive of response in this allogenic trial?
CD8lo T-cells increasing to normal was predictive of response to therapy in autologous trial but not in the allogenic trial (this one)
58
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., *"Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*"
What changes to T-Cell subsets are observed in cats affected by FCGS?
Increased CD8+ cells
Decreased CD8:CD4 ratio
Low CD8lo numbers
59
In Arzi, Clark, Sundaram et. al., "*Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis*"
What cytokine biomarker was identified in the autologous trial and what was found in this trial?
Were there other important cytokine differences?
IL-6 increased post treatment in the autologous trial but did not show the same alteration in this trial.
No consistent changes in TNFa, IL-6 or IFNy
60
In Winer JN, Verstraete FJM, Cissell DD, Lucero S, Athanasiou KA, Arzi B, "The application of 3-dimensional printing for
preoperative planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats."
When printing 3-d models what are the 2 broad types of material and their purpose?
1. Build Material
create the desired geometry - this is the final product
2. Support material
sacrificial, helps to hold up overhangs and fill voids until manufacture complete.
high pressure water used to separate the support material afterwards.
61
In Winer JN, Verstraete FJM, Cissell DD, Lucero S, Athanasiou KA, Arzi B, "*The application of 3-dimensional printing for
preoperative planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats.*"
What are 3 benefits of using custom printed 3-d models?
1. improve preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance
2. enrich veterinary student and resident training,
3. facilitate client education and communication.
62
In Winer JN, Verstraete FJM, Cissell DD, Lucero S, Athanasiou KA, Arzi B, "*The application of 3-dimensional printing for
preoperative planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats*."
What is a major limitation of creating a 3-D printed skull?
Takes 18-24 hours to produce, therefore need 2 anesthetic events
63
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats",
What are 3 big advantages of using QLF over Logan and Boyce indices?
1. Increased sensitivity - using continuous data not ordinal
2. Ability to archive raw data in the form of images
3. Predicted to detect an effect with one third of the number of cats
64
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats",
What key modification allowed detection of significantly more plaque with the QLF method?
application of a disclosing solution.
65
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " *Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats*",
What was the proposed reason for decrease fluorescence of the plaque when undisclosed?
Differing bacterial communities may fluoresce more or less depending on their species composition.
unstudied in cats but mature communities fluoresce more red in humans.
66
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats",
What were the differences in plaque accumulation based on diet versus the control across both systems (i.e. QLF and Logan and Boyce)
QLF weighted mouth 14.24%
QLF average tooth 14.26%
Modified logan and boyce 14.64%
67
In Marshall-Jones ZV, Wallis CV, Allsopp JM, Colyer A, Davis IJ, Holcombe LJ " Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic shorthaired cats",
Which of the following is true with QLF:
1. Inter-observer variability was high but intra-observer variability was low
2. Inter-observer variability was low but intra-observer variability was high
3. Inter-observer variability was low and intra-observer variability was low
4. Inter-observer variability was high and intra-observer variability was high
Inter-observer variability was low and intra-observer variability was low
All variability was very low and correlated well with the logan and boyce method.
68
In Doering S, Arzi B, Barich CR, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM, "*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized
brachycephalic dogs*",
Which landmarks had NSD between CBCT and rads?
mandibular symphysis,
right and left mandibular canine teeth,
right and left mandibular first molar teeth,
right and left mandibular canals.
69
In Doering S, Arzi B, Barich CR, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM, "*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized
brachycephalic dogs"*,
Rank from best to worst the Radiograph method, slices method, pano method and 3d method on their overall ability to identify anatomic landmarks.
1. Slices (Overall mean score 2.77)
2. 3D (Overall mean score 2.59)
3. Radiograph (Overall mean score 1.68)
4. Pano (overall mean score 1.65)
70
In Doering S, Arzi B, Barich CR, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM, "*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized
brachycephalic dogs*"
Which Modality has the best resolution?
Dental radiographs
71
In Doering S, Arzi B, Barich CR, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM, "Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized
brachycephalic dogs"
Why did CBCT perform better than dental radiographs overall?
Unobstructed view was key to identifying landmarks in brachycephalic skull, more important than spatial resolution
72
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
*"Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
What was the only category where the rad method had greater sensitivity (though not statistically significant?)
Loss of tooth integrity
73
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
"*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
What categories was the slices method significantly better than the Rad method for?
abnormal eruption
abnormally shaped roots
tooth resorption
and periodontitis
74
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
"*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
What percentage of periodontally affected teeth requiring extraction were missed by the Rad method, Pano method and the 3-D method respectively?
Rad method - 44%
Pano method - 41%
3D method - 20.5%
75
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
*"Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
In which 5 categories did the slices method perform perfectly?
Missing teeth
abnormal eruption
abnormal number of roots
periodontitis
tooth resorption
76
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
*"Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs*",
In which 4 categories was combined CBCT modules significantly better than radiographs?
abnormal eruption,
abnormally shaped roots,
periodontitis,
tooth resorption
77
In Doering S, Arzi B, Hatcher DC, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM
"*Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dog*s",
Which CBCT method give the most detailed information?
The slices method
78
The effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared to buprenorphine for the control of postoperative pain in dogs J Vet Pharmacol Ther Linton, Wilson, Newbound What was the method of the study
Prospective study with 445 client owned dogs of various breeds randomly assigned a single dose of transdermal fentanyl applied 2-4 hours prior to surgery or buprenorphine IM 2-4 hours prir to surgery and every 6 hrs up to 90 hours post op
79
The effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared to buprenorphine for the control of postoperative pain in dogs J Vet Pharmacol Ther Linton, Wilson, Newbound What was the name of the pain scale used in the study?
Glasgow Composite Pain Scale
80
The effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared to buprenorphine for the control of postoperative pain in dogs J Vet Pharmacol Ther Linton, Wilson, Newbound Were adverse events attributed to either treatment?
Minimal adverse events and equal between groups
81
The effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared to buprenorphine for the control of postoperative pain in dogs J Vet Pharmacol Ther Linton, Wilson, Newbound What were the conclusions of the study?
Sustained plasma fentanyl concentrations provided by a single pre-emptive dose of TFS are safe and effective and are noninferior to repeated injections of buprenorphine in controlling postoperative pain over 4 days.
82
The influence of CBCT and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiolog Endod Ordinola-Zapata, Bramante, Duarte et al. What was the aim of the study?
The determine the influence of periapical radiographs, CBCT section and CB volumetric data on the determination of periapical bone destruction in endodontically treated distal root canals of premolar canine teeth
83
The influence of CBCT and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiolog Endod Ordinola-Zapata, Bramante, Duarte et al. What were used as controls in the study?
Nontreated mesial roots
84
The influence of CBCT and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiolog Endod Ordinola-Zapata, Bramante, Duarte et al. What was the methodology of the study?
Eneerococcus faecalis was inoculated into 30 root canals of 2 mixed breed dogs to induce periodontitis After 60 days the root canals of the distal roots of the 11 mandibular and 4 maxillary premolars were endodontically treated (15 canals)
85
The influence of CBCT and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiolog Endod Ordinola-Zapata, Bramante, Duarte et al. How was bone destruction evaluated?
5 evaluators used periapical radiographs and CBCT
86
The influence of CBCT and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiolog Endod Ordinola-Zapata, Bramante, Duarte et al. What were the results of the study?
After 6 months periapical radiographs, coronal CBCT sections and volumetric data showed lower bone destruction in endodontically treated teeth in comparison with the control group The 5 evaluators found no differences between the apical periodontitis area of treated teeth and controls when CBCT section were used. No correlation was found between x-ray and CBCT volumetic values in treated root canals No relationship could be found between the periapical values of bone destruction and volumetic data found in CBCT of treated root canals
87
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis Anaerobe Senhorinho, Nakano, Liu Which bacteria found in subgingival plaque from dogs were evaluated in this study?
Porphyromonasgulae Pormonasmacacae Fusobacteriumnucleatum Fusobacteriumcanifelinum
88
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis Anaerobe Senhorinho, Nakano, Liu What was the method of the study?
50 dogs with periodontitis and 50 dogs without periodontitis were tested
89
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis Anaerobe Senhorinho, Nakano, Liu What were the results of the study in dogs with periodontitis?
With Periodontitis: 38 P. gulae 8 P. macacae 26 F. nucleatum 15 F. canifelinum
90
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis Anaerobe Senhorinho, Nakano, Liu What were the results of the study in dogs without periodontitis?
Without Peridontitis: 15 P.gulae 12 F. nucleatum 11 F. canifelinum
91
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis Anaerobe Senhorinho, Nakano, Liu Which strains were susceptible to the antibiotics tested?
All strains were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested however different resistance rates to clarithromycin, erythromycin and metronidazole among strains were observed
92
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histopathological evaluation J Endod Silva, Novaes, deOliveira What was the goal of the study?
The goal was to evaluate the in vivo response of apical and periapical tissues of dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis after one-seesion endodontic treatment with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
93
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histopathological evaluation J Endod Silva, Novaes, deOliveira What was the methodology of the study?
60 root canals with experiementally induced apical periodontitits were instrumented and assigned into 4 groups receiving aPDT and root canal filling group 1 aPDT + RCF group 2 aPDT - RCF group 3 RCF - aPDT group 4 neither treatment Patients were killed and sections of maxilla and mandible taken and stained with H and E
94
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histopathological evaluation J Endod Silva, Novaes, deOliveira What were the results?
In the aPDT treated groups the periapical region was moderately/severely enlarged with no inflammatory cells Moderate neoangiogenesis and fibrogenesis and the smallest periapical lesions Apical closure by mineralized tissue deposition was not achieved
95
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histopathological evaluation J Endod Silva, Novaes, deOliveira What were the conclusions of the study?
aPDT can be a promising adjunct therapy to cleaning and shaping procedrues in teeth with apical periodontitis undergoing one-session endodontic treatment
96
The effect of Radachorin-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Ligature Induced Periodontitis in Dogs J Periodontology Sorkhdini Moslemi, Jamshidi What was the aim of the study?
To evaluate the effect of adjunctive application of Radachlorin-mediated antibicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to scaling and root planning alone ofn clinical parameters and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid of dogs with experimental periodontitis.
97
Photodynamic Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Ligature Induced Periodontitis in Dogs J Periodontology Sorkhdini Moslemi, Jamshidi What were the materials and methods of the study?
Silk ligatures were placed around teeth to induce periodontal disease Four treatment groups 1 Radachlorin + diode laser 2 Radachlorin 3 Laser 4 No treatment
98
Photodynamic Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Ligature Induced Periodontitis in Dogs J Periodontology Sorkhdini Moslemi, Jamshidi What were the results?
All treatment groups showed significant improvement in clinical and immunologic parameters No significant difference were found between the four groups
99
Photodynamic Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Ligature Induced Periodontitis in Dogs J Periodontology Sorkhdini Moslemi, Jamshidi What was the conclusion?
Adjunctive use of Radachlorin-medicated aPDT has no additional effect on the clinical parameters or pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in ligature induced periodontitis
100
Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class 3 furcation defects: a study in dogs J Clin Periodontolog Suaid, Ribeiro, Gomes What was the aim of the study?
To evaluate histomorphometrically the use of periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class 3 furcation defects
101
Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class 3 furcation defects: a study in dogs J Clin Periodontolog Suaid, Ribeiro, Gomes What was the methodology of the study?
4 treatment groups: 1 coronally positioned flap (control) 2 GTR group 3 Sponge group 4 Cell Group
102
Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class 3 furcation defects: a study in dogs J Clin Periodontolog Suaid, Ribeiro, Gomes What were the results?
The cell group presented a superior length of new cementum, a greater extension of periodontal regeneration, and a larger area of new bone when compared to all other groups
103
Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class 3 furcation defects: a study in dogs J Clin Periodontolog Suaid, Ribeiro, Gomes What were the conclusions of the study?
PDL cells in association with GTR may significantly promote periodontal regeneration in class 3 furcation defects surgically created in dogs
104
Clinical signs and histologic findings in dogs with odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What was the aim of the study?
To characterize clinical signs and histologic finding in dogs with odontogenic cysts and to determine wheter histologic findings were associated with clinical features
105
odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What were the results?
29 dentigerous cyst 1 radicular cyst 1 lateral periodontal cyst 1 gingival inclusion cyst 9 had possible odontogenic keratocysts
106
odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What are odontogenic keratoycysts?
9 dogs had clinical and histological features of keratocysts All of these cysts were located in the maxilla All of these cysts surrounded the roots of normally erupted teeth
107
odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What were the findings re: dentigerous cyts?
Of the 29 dogs with dentigerous cysts: 23 had single cysts 5 had 2 cysts 1 had 3 cysts 30 were associated with an unerupted first premolar 6 were associated with an unerupted canine tooth 1 cysts was associated with both
108
odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What breeds were overrepresented with dentigerous cysts?
Brachycephalic breeds
109
odontogenic cysts: 41 cases JAVMA Verstraete, Zin, Kass What is the proposed name for the odontogenic keratocysts?
Odontogenic parakertinized cysts Similar to cysts reported in humans
110
5-Lipoxygenase expression and tepoxalin-induced cell death in squamous cell carcinomas in cats Am J Vet Res Wakshiag, Peters-kennedy, Bushey, Loftus What was the aim of the study?
To assess expression pattern and subcellular compartmentalization of 5-lipoxygenase in cutaneous, UV radiation induced and oral squamous cell carcinomas in cats To determine the effects of cyclooxygenarse or 5-lipoxygenase on proliferation or apoptosis in a feline oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
111
5-Lipoxygenase expression and tepoxalin-induced cell death in squamous cell carcinomas in cats Am J Vet Res Wakshiag, Peters-kennedy, Bushey, Loftus What was the methodology?
60 archieved samples for 60 cats Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis 20 cutaneous, 20 UV radiation-induced, and 20 oral tumors
112
Does removal of the original pulp tissue before autotransplantation influence ingrowth of new tissue in the pulp chamber? Dent Traumatology Laureys, Dermaut, Cuvelier What was the aim of the study?
To find out if revasculatization and ingrowth of new pulp tissue is influenced by removal of the original pulp tissue before autotransplantation
113
Does removal of the original pulp tissue before autotransplantation influence ingrowth of new tissue in the pulp chamber? Dent Traumatology Laureys, Dermaut, Cuvelier What was the methodology?
29 single rooted teeth from 2 adult beagle dogs were transplanted after resection of the root tip 15 teeth= had the pulp tissue removed before transplantation 14= had original pulp left in situ Histological exam of teeth 90 days post-transplantation
114
Does removal of the original pulp tissue before autotransplantation influence ingrowth of new tissue in the pulp chamber? Dent Traumatology Laureys, Dermaut, Cuvelier What were the results?
12/14 (80%) of teeth with tissue left in situ showed a pulp chamber with at least 1/3-2/3 filled with viable tissue 11/15 teeth (79%) with pulp tissue removed had no or little vital tissue in the pulp chamber
115
Does removal of the original pulp tissue before autotransplantation influence ingrowth of new tissue in the pulp chamber? Dent Traumatology Laureys, Dermaut, Cuvelier What were the conclusions?
Necrotic masses that develop in the original pulp tissue after transplation are a possible stimulating factor in the repair process of the pulp It is advisable to leave the pulp tissue in situ in autotransplanted teeth
116
Pulp repair after pulpotomy using different pulp capping agents: a comparative histologic analysis Pediatr Dent Lima, Esmeraldo What was the aim of the study?
To histologically evaluate the repair of rat tissue after pulpotomy and covering the pulp tissue with Copaifera oil resin, green propolis extract, fibrin sponge and iodoform-based paste
117
Pulp repair after pulpotomy using different pulp capping agents: a comparative histologic analysis Pediatr Dent Lima, Esmeraldo What was the methodology?
84 teeth in 21 rats received pulpotomies maxillary and mandibular first molars
118
Pulp repair after pulpotomy using different pulp capping agents: a comparative histologic analysis Pediatr Dent Lima, Esmeraldo What were the results?
Copaifera oil-resin group had the least inflammatory response Fibrin sponge group had the most inflammatory response and had microabscesses Copaifera oil-resin group had formation of mineralized tissue barrier in the pulp exposure area while all other groups did not
119
Pulp repair after pulpotomy using different pulp capping agents: a comparative histologic analysis Pediatr Dent Lima, Esmeraldo What were the conclusions?
The inflammatory response was less severe, the area of pulp necrosis was smaller and more frequent formation of a mineralized tissue barrier was noted after pulpotomy was performed with Copaifera oil-resin compared with other materials tested.
120
Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of Rostral Mandibular Body Fractures in Cats Vet Surg Cetinkaya, Yardimci, Kaya What was the aim?
To describe a lingual arch bar technique for fixation of rostral mandibular body fractures and report outcome in 16 cats
121
Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of Rostral Mandibular Body Fractures in Cats Vet Surg Cetinkaya, Yardimci, Kaya What was the study design?
Cats with rostral mandibular body fractures just caudal to the canine teeth 10 bilateral, 6 unilateral
122
Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of Rostral Mandibular Body Fractures in Cats Vet Surg Cetinkaya, Yardimci, Kaya What were the methods?
Orthodontic wire was used as a lingual arch bar by contouring it to the shape of the lingual side of the alveolar margin and secured by circum-mandibular wires passed interproximal to the teeth
123
Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of Rostral Mandibular Body Fractures in Cats Vet Surg Cetinkaya, Yardimci, Kaya What were the results?
11/16 cats could eat without a feeding tube within 24 hours Average time to fracture union was 42 days 5/16 cats had malocclusion however only 1 required correction.....(keep in mind this was a vet surgeon paper...….not a vet dentist paper!)
124
Presence of the oral bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in the tooth plaque of canines Vet Microbial Dileege, Edgcomb, Leadbetter What was the methodology?
Samples of tooth plaque from 131 canines were collected, cultured and tested to help discern the presence of C. canimorsus
125
Presence of the oral bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in the tooth plaque of canines Vet Microbial Dileege, Edgcomb, Leadbetter What were the results?
49.2% of canines sampled carried a species of Capnocytophaga 21.7% of canines sampled carried C. canimorsus A ndew species of Caphocytophaga may have been discovered in 16/131 dogs
126
Presence of the oral bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in the tooth plaque of canines Vet Microbial Dileege, Edgcomb, Leadbetter What signalment was most likely to carry C. canimorsus?
male dogs and altered females and males (soooo like every dog except spayed females...) Small breed dogs most likely
127
Presence of the oral bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in the tooth plaque of canines Vet Microbial Dileege, Edgcomb, Leadbetter What were 4 "human" species of Capnocytophaga found in 5 of the dogs?
C. ochracea C. haemolytica C. gingivalis C. granulosa
128
Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs Prev Vet Med Glickman, Glickman and Moore What was the methodology?
164000 dogs with periodontal disease compared to cohor of age-matched dogs with no periodontal disease from a national primary care practice (I suspect...Banfield...)
129
Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs Prev Vet Med Glickman, Glickman and Moore What were the results?
The hazard ration for azotemic CKD increased with increasing severity of periodontal disease Increasing severity of periodontal disease was also associated with serum creatinine \>1.4 mg/dL and BUN \>36 mg/dL independent of a veterinarian's clinical diagnosis of CKD
130
Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs Prev Vet Med Glickman, Glickman and Moore What were the hazard ratios?
Stage 1 = 1.8 Stage 2= 2.0 Stage 3/4= 2.7
131
Evaluation of composite resin materials for maxillomandiubular fixation in cats for treatments of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxations Vet Surg Hoffer, Manfra Marretta, Kurath What was the aim of the study?
To identify a method of composite application for MMF in cats that ensures the material will remain bonded during convalescence but be easy to remove with a low complication rate
132
Evaluation of composite resin materials for maxillomandiubular fixation in cats for treatments of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxations Vet Surg Hoffer, Manfra Marretta, Kurath What was the study design?
88 Feline cadavers 22 cadavers in 4 groups CR= acid etch and composite resin CR+= acid etch, bonding agent, composite resin FR50= partial surface acid etch and flowable composite resin FR100= complete surface acid etch and flowable composite resin
133
Evaluation of composite resin materials for maxillomandiubular fixation in cats for treatments of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxations Vet Surg Hoffer, Manfra Marretta, Kurath What were the results?
Load to failure results: FR50 and FR100 had higher load to failure results compared to CR and CR+ results FR100 had a higher removal time and was associated with more complication compared to the other 3 groups Most frequent complication during material removal in group FR 100 was crown fracture
134
Evaluation of composite resin materials for maxillomandiubular fixation in cats for treatments of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxations Vet Surg Hoffer, Manfra Marretta, Kurath What were the conclusions?
Partial coronal surface acid etch before use of flowable composte maintained a strong bond yet resulted in easy material removal with low complication rate
135
Maxillomandibular external skeletal fixation in five cats with caudal jaw trauma J Small Animal Pract Moores What were the results of the case series?
3/5 cats were able to eat while 2/5 could not Fixation maintained for 21-42 days 5/5 cats were eating normally and had good jaw function at follow up
136
Orthodontic tooth movement in alveolar cleft repaired with a tissue engineering bone: An experimental study in dogs Tissue Eng Part A Zhang, Chu, Yang What was the aim of the study?
To investigate if a construct of porous B-tricalcium phosphate combined with osteogenically induced bone marrow stromal cells could repair alveolar cleft and allow for subsequent orthodontic tooth movement in a canine model
137
Orthodontic tooth movement in alveolar cleft repaired with a tissue engineering bone: An experimental study in dogs Tissue Eng Part A Zhang, Chu, Yang What was the methodology?
12 alveolar osteotomy surgiers in 6 dogs were made bilaterally and randomly implanted with 1.) tissue engineered bone complex, 2.) B-TCP alone 3,) autologous bone obtained from iliac bone Countralateral alveolar defects were created in one animal and left untreated to serve as blank control to observe spontaneous healing of the defects Orthodontic tooth movement was initiated 8 weeks after surgical operation for 12 weeks
138
Orthodontic tooth movement in alveolar cleft repaired with a tissue engineering bone: An experimental study in dogs Tissue Eng Part A Zhang, Chu, Yang What were the results?
Group A with tissue engineered bone complex dramatically promoted new bone formation and mineralization and achieved a favorable height of the repaired alveolar when compared to group B B-TCP alone The overall effect of the tissue engineered bone was equivalent to autologous bone ; the physiological function of the alveolar bone was restored by allowing the adjacent teeth to move into the newly formed bone in the grafted region
139
Orthodontic tooth movement in alveolar cleft repaired with a tissue engineering bone: An experimental study in dogs Tissue Eng Part A Zhang, Chu, Yang What were the conclusions?
The tissue engineering bone bone from the comfination of B-TCP and bMSC is a feasible clinical approach for patients with alveolar cleft and the subsequent orthodontic tooth movement
140
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease Vet Microbial Riggio, Lennon, Taylor What was the aim?
To identify the bacteria associated with canine gingivitis and periodontitis and to compare this with the normal oral flora
141
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease Vet Microbial Riggio, Lennon, Taylor What was the methodology?
Swabs were obtained from the gingival margin of 3 dogs with gingivitis and 3 oral healthy control and subgingival plaque was collected from 3 dogs with periodontitis Bacterial culture Culture-independent methods
142
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease Vet Microbial Riggio, Lennon, Taylor What were the results of the bacterial culture?
Top isolates normal group= uncultured bacterium 12.5% gingivitis group= Bacteroides heparinolyticus 10% periodontitis group= Actinomyces canis 20%
143
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease Vet Microbial Riggio, Lennon, Taylor What were the culture-independent results?
Top isolate normal group= Pseudomonas 30% gingivitis group= Porphyromonoas cangingivalis 16% periodontitis group= Desulfomicrobium orale 12%
144
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease Vet Microbial Riggio, Lennon, Taylor What were the overall results?
Uncultured species: normal group=13% gingivitis group=2% periodontitis group=10.5% Novel species: normal group=38% gingivitis group= 38% periodontitis group=35%
145
Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease Rawlinson, Goldstein, Reiter JAVMA What was the aim?
To determine whether severity of periodontal disease was associated with systemic health indices in dogs and whether treatment of PD altered systemic health indices
146
Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease JAVA Rawlinson, Goldstein, Reiter What was the design?
38 dogs received baseline testing of PE, serum biochem, CBC, UA, serum C-reactive protein and microalbuminuria tests prior to PD treatment and then again 4 weeks after treatment
147
Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease JAVA Rawlinson, Goldstein, Reiter What were the results?
Significant rank correlations were found between attachment loss and platelet number, creatinine concentration and before and after treatment results of CRP. BUN concentration were significantly higher after treatment than before treatment
148
Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease JAVA Rawlinson, Goldstein, Reiter What were the conclusions?
Increasing severity of attachment loss was associated with changes in systemic inflammatory variable and renal indices A decrease in CRP concentration after treatment was correlated with the severity of periodonitits The BUN concentration increased significantly after treatment.
149
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
What procedures were performed?
initially debridement, followed several months later by a pre-maxillectomy
150
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
Based on cultures, which antimicrobial was chosen and worked in this snake?
Trimethoprim Sulfa
151
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
Wanna see something cool?
Yup, thats a snake CT post-premaxillectomy. Look at their funky backfacing teeth and naturally disarticulated mandibles!!!
152
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
Wanna see something cool?
Yup, thats a snake CT post-premaxillectomy. Look at their funky backfacing teeth and naturally disarticulated mandibles!!!
153
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
Based on cultures, which antimicrobial was chosen and worked in this snake?
Trimethoprim Sulfa
154
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What are the compartments of the frontal sinus? which is the largest?
* caudal,
* rostral
* medial
caudal is the largest
155
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What structures fill most of the nasal cavity?
To what do the attach?
* The dorsal, ventral, and ethmoidal conchae fill most of the nasal cavity.
* The dorsal and ventral conchae attach on the ethmoid, nasal, and maxillary bones
* Ethmoidal conchae attach only to the ethmoid bones, which form the rostral aspect of the cranial vault
156
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which major artery supplies the nasal cavity?
Maxillary artery
157
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller artery supplies blood to the **dorsal and ventral** conchae?
Sphenopalatine
158
In Weeden AM, Degner DA**. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller arteries supply blood to the hard palate?
most of the palate, and more rostrally the major palatine artery
caudally minor palatine artery
159
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller artery supplies blood to the **Ethmoidal** conchae?
internal ethmoidal arteries, coming through the cribriform plate
160
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which artery supplies blood to the soft tissues external to the nasal cavity?
Infraorbital
161
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which vein provides most of the external venous drainage?
facial vein
162
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which cranial nerve innervates most superficial muscles
Facial nerve
163
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What is this approach and what is it used to access?
Dorsal
Used to access access the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses.
164
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What approach is this and what is it used access?
ventral approach
the preferred method to access the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal region.
165
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which cranial nerve and **MAJOR BRANCH** provides sensory innervation to the the nasal mucosa, roots of maxillary teeth?
CN - V - trigeminal - maxillary branch
166
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What is this approach and what is it used to access?
Dorsal
Used to access access the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses.
167
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What approach is this and what is it used access?
ventral approach
the preferred method to access the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal region.
168
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What is the most common tumor of the nasal cavity?
Nasal adenocarcinoma
169
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What is the most common tumor of the nasal cavity?
Nasal adenocarcinoma
170
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which cranial nerve and **MAJOR BRANCH** provides sensory innervation to the the nasal mucosa, roots of maxillary teeth?
CN - V - trigeminal - maxillary branch
171
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733
What is the preferred approach for the caudal pharyngeal region?
What is important about this approach with regards to planning closure?
Approach through soft palate on midline. Leave caudal border intact to help facilitate closure with less risk of dehiscence.
172
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuse**s. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733
Which approach allows the best visualization of the rostral nasal septum region?
The combined rostrolateral rhinotomy approach
173
Gao W, Chan Y, You M, Lacap-Bugler DC, Leung WK, Watt RM. **In-depth snapshot of the equine subgingival microbiome. Microbial Pathogenesis**. 2016;94(C):76-89.
SKIP
There are bacteria in the equine mouth including spirochaetes and treponema. The end.
174
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
How many published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study?
16
175
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. T**herapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was methodology and what were were criteria for inclusion in the study?
* Found in PUBMED, CAB abstracts, Web of Science - search string [(cat OR cats OR feline OR felines) AND (stomatitis OR gingivostomatitis) AND (treatment)]
* Published in English and
* Peer reviewed journal
* spontaneous FCGS and original data (not a recapitulation without new data)
* clearly defined treatment protocol.
* Not as a sequela to other disease for which treatment was aimed (FIV/FeLV)
176
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the key part of evidence grade A, B and C?
How many studies achieved each grade?
**A - Histo**
B - semi-quantitative scoring system +/- subjective and owner info
C - subjective and owner info without a semi-quantitative system
A- 2 studies
B - 7 studies
C - 7 studies
177
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What were the criteria for evidence design grade 1-5?
how many of each study were there?
**1 - randomized double blinded prospective clinical trial - 4 studies**
2 - prospective clinical trial +/- control group - 3 Studies
3 - retrospective case series N\>10 - 3 studies
4 - retrospective case series N\<10 - 1 study
5 - case reports, expert opinions - 5 studies
4
178
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the breakdown of medical versus surgical studies?
10 medical
6 surgical
179
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for local paramunization, thalidomide, lactoferrin, cyclosporine, recombinant feline interferon omega, and autologous mesenchymal stem cells?
elicit immunomodulatory effects
180
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA of Prednisolone and piroxicam
reduce inflammation
181
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
**Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Recombinant feline interferon omega?
Impedes viral replication
182
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
**Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for lactoferrin?
inhibits bacterial growth
183
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for dietary change?
accelerates healing and reduces inflammation
184
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Dental extractions
reduce immune stimulation via eliminating plaque
185
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Zincreo germicidal astringent obtundent
not reported
186
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the problem created with control groups rendering study:study comparison pointless?
Each study used a different control treatment, NSAID, Steroid, diet etc.
187
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the problem with scoring systems that rendered study:study comparison difficult?
* 4 articles created a novel custom scoring system
* 3 modelled a new system off an existing one
* 2 used the same scoring system
* Some used body weight or owners perceptions
188
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was the methodology?
38 horses, assigned a malocclusion score, half treated and half not treated.
all ridden twice before and 3 times after treatment or non-treatment by the same professional rider.
assigned a rideability score
189
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was found?
pre treatment score and treatment versus non treatment had no impact on rideability score.
190
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What was done in the study?
Ten New Zealand white rabbit cadaver heads were scanned using CBCT and conventional CT.
The visibility of relevant dental and anatomic features (pulp cavity, germinal center, tooth outline, periodontal ligament) were scored and compared between conventional CT and CBCT.
191
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What was found in the study?
In general, it was found that CBCT was superior to conventional CT when imaging the dentition. **Importantly, the periodontal ligament was significantly (P \< 0.01) more visible on CBCT than on conventional CT.**
192
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What were the conclusions of the study?
Ability to see the periodontal ligament with such detail may allow earlier detection and treatment of periodontal disease in rabbits.
193
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What was done in the study?
•A total of 15 client-owned rabbits had CBCT, oral examination, dental charting, and dental treatment performed under general anesthesia.
Images were evaluated using transverse and custom multiplanar (MPR), 3D, and panoramic reconstructed images.
The CBCT findings were grouped into abnormalities that could be detected on conscious oral examination vs. abnormalities that could not be detected by conscious oral examination.
194
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What were the most common CBCT findings?
* periodontal ligament space widening (14/15),
* premolar and molar malocclusion (13/15),
* apical elongation (13/15),
* coronal elongation (12/15),
* inflammatory tooth resorption (12/15),
* periapical lucency (11/15),
195
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What was the oral exam finding and CBCT finding that were associated?
Coronal elongation on oral exam associated with apical elongation on CBCT
196
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. **Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.** Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was the aim of the study?
To determine if:
(1) if degree of dental malocclusion assigned prior to dental treatment was associated with equine rideability, assessed using a standardized score and
(2) if performance dentistry improved this score.
197
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What were the author's recommendations for future FCGS research?
* Histopathology
* Use control groups and allow pain medication but no other treatment
* Switch control groups to test groups after a period of time (if failed)
* Test new treatments and stop repeating the same studies!
198
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What are the major problems with FCGS research thus far (4)?
* Most studies use different scoring systems
* No standardized control therapy
* May studies single case reports
* Many studies didn’t meet inclusion criteria
199
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuse**s. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733
Which approach allows the best visualization of the rostral nasal septum region?
The combined rostrolateral rhinotomy approach
200
Gao W, Chan Y, You M, Lacap-Bugler DC, Leung WK, Watt RM. **In-depth snapshot of the equine subgingival microbiome. Microbial Pathogenesis**. 2016;94(C):76-89.
SKIP
There are bacteria in the equine mouth including spirochaetes and treponema. The end.
201
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
How many published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study?
16
202
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. T**herapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was methodology and what were were criteria for inclusion in the study?
* Found in PUBMED, CAB abstracts, Web of Science - search string [(cat OR cats OR feline OR felines) AND (stomatitis OR gingivostomatitis) AND (treatment)]
* Published in English and
* Peer reviewed journal
* spontaneous FCGS and original data (not a recapitulation without new data)
* clearly defined treatment protocol.
* Not as a sequela to other disease for which treatment was aimed (FIV/FeLV)
203
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the key part of evidence grade A, B and C?
How many studies achieved each grade?
**A - Histo**
B - semi-quantitative scoring system +/- subjective and owner info
C - subjective and owner info without a semi-quantitative system
A- 2 studies
B - 7 studies
C - 7 studies
204
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What were the criteria for evidence design grade 1-5?
how many of each study were there?
**1 - randomized double blinded prospective clinical trial - 4 studies**
2 - prospective clinical trial +/- control group - 3 Studies
3 - retrospective case series N\>10 - 3 studies
4 - retrospective case series N\<10 - 1 study
5 - case reports, expert opinions - 5 studies
4
205
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the breakdown of medical versus surgical studies?
10 medical
6 surgical
206
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for local paramunization, thalidomide, lactoferrin, cyclosporine, recombinant feline interferon omega, and autologous mesenchymal stem cells?
elicit immunomodulatory effects
207
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA of Prednisolone and piroxicam
reduce inflammation
208
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
**Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Recombinant feline interferon omega?
Impedes viral replication
209
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What was the oral exam finding and CBCT finding that were associated?
Coronal elongation on oral exam associated with apical elongation on CBCT
210
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What were the most common CBCT findings?
* periodontal ligament space widening (14/15),
* premolar and molar malocclusion (13/15),
* apical elongation (13/15),
* coronal elongation (12/15),
* inflammatory tooth resorption (12/15),
* periapical lucency (11/15),
211
In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5.
What was done in the study?
•A total of 15 client-owned rabbits had CBCT, oral examination, dental charting, and dental treatment performed under general anesthesia.
Images were evaluated using transverse and custom multiplanar (MPR), 3D, and panoramic reconstructed images.
The CBCT findings were grouped into abnormalities that could be detected on conscious oral examination vs. abnormalities that could not be detected by conscious oral examination.
212
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What were the conclusions of the study?
Ability to see the periodontal ligament with such detail may allow earlier detection and treatment of periodontal disease in rabbits.
213
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What was found in the study?
In general, it was found that CBCT was superior to conventional CT when imaging the dentition. **Importantly, the periodontal ligament was significantly (P \< 0.01) more visible on CBCT than on conventional CT.**
214
In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93.
What was done in the study?
Ten New Zealand white rabbit cadaver heads were scanned using CBCT and conventional CT.
The visibility of relevant dental and anatomic features (pulp cavity, germinal center, tooth outline, periodontal ligament) were scored and compared between conventional CT and CBCT.
215
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was found?
pre treatment score and treatment versus non treatment had no impact on rideability score.
216
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was the methodology?
38 horses, assigned a malocclusion score, half treated and half not treated.
all ridden twice before and 3 times after treatment or non-treatment by the same professional rider.
assigned a rideability score
217
In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. **Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.** Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199.
What was the aim of the study?
To determine if:
(1) if degree of dental malocclusion assigned prior to dental treatment was associated with equine rideability, assessed using a standardized score and
(2) if performance dentistry improved this score.
218
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What were the author's recommendations for future FCGS research?
* Histopathology
* Use control groups and allow pain medication but no other treatment
* Switch control groups to test groups after a period of time (if failed)
* Test new treatments and stop repeating the same studies!
219
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What are the major problems with FCGS research thus far (4)?
* Most studies use different scoring systems
* No standardized control therapy
* May studies single case reports
* Many studies didn’t meet inclusion criteria
220
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the problem with scoring systems that rendered study:study comparison difficult?
* 4 articles created a novel custom scoring system
* 3 modelled a new system off an existing one
* 2 used the same scoring system
* Some used body weight or owners perceptions
221
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What was the problem created with control groups rendering study:study comparison pointless?
Each study used a different control treatment, NSAID, Steroid, diet etc.
222
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Zincreo germicidal astringent obtundent
not reported
223
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for Dental extractions
reduce immune stimulation via eliminating plaque
224
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for dietary change?
accelerates healing and reduces inflammation
225
In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
**Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.
What is the reported MOA for lactoferrin?
inhibits bacterial growth
226
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733
What is the preferred approach for the caudal pharyngeal region?
What is important about this approach with regards to planning closure?
Approach through soft palate on midline. Leave caudal border intact to help facilitate closure with less risk of dehiscence.
227
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which cranial nerve innervates most superficial muscles
Facial nerve
228
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which vein provides most of the external venous drainage?
facial vein
229
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which artery supplies blood to the soft tissues external to the nasal cavity?
Infraorbital
230
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller artery supplies blood to the **Ethmoidal** conchae?
internal ethmoidal arteries, coming through the cribriform plate
231
In Weeden AM, Degner DA**. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses**. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller arteries supply blood to the hard palate?
most of the palate, and more rostrally the major palatine artery
caudally minor palatine artery
232
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which smaller artery supplies blood to the **dorsal and ventral** conchae?
Sphenopalatine
233
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
Which major artery supplies the nasal cavity?
Maxillary artery
234
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What structures fill most of the nasal cavity?
To what do the attach?
* The dorsal, ventral, and ethmoidal conchae fill most of the nasal cavity.
* The dorsal and ventral conchae attach on the ethmoid, nasal, and maxillary bones
* Ethmoidal conchae attach only to the ethmoid bones, which form the rostral aspect of the cranial vault
235
In Weeden AM, Degner DA. **Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.** Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.
What are the compartments of the frontal sinus? which is the largest?
* caudal,
* rostral
* medial
caudal is the largest
236
In "Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. **Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus).** Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.
What procedures were performed?
initially debridement, followed several months later by a pre-maxillectomy
237
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
Which breeds were most commonly affected?
Cocker spaniels and scottish terriers (7/14 dogs)
238
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What were the most common clinical sign?
What (counterintuitive) sign did no dogs present with?
Halitosis (14/14)
Mandibular lymphadenopathy (11/14)
oral pain (9/14)
imappetance/difficulty eating (6/14)
NO DOG HAD A FEVER
239
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What was the most common historical finding in affected dogs?
Recent dental extractions (63.3% of cases)
240
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What were exclusion criteria?
neoplasia, electric burns and radiation therapy
241
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What was the ratio of maxilla to mandible?
60% in the maxilla, 40% in the mandible
242
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
Which radiograph would be an accurate representation of the amount of pathology?
Mandibular rad.
maxillary rads don't correlate well with CT or surgical explorational extent of disease.
244
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Hown many patients and sites were found over the 25 years?
13 patients, 15 sites
245
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
How many sites were considered secondary to dental extraction?
3
246
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What is the difference in this paper between ONJ and ORNJ?
Osteonecrosis of the jaw was considered with tumor recurrence (5 cases)
osteoradionecrosis of the jaw was considered when there was no tumor recurrence
247
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Relative to the target field, where were lesions located and how many?
8 in the radiation region
4 in an adjacent area of tissue
1 in the contralateral mandible
248
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What was the time to onset from treatment
Range
median
mean
Range 2-44 months
median 9.8 months
mean 12.4 months
249
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Below what dose of radiation is the risk considered low in people?
60 Gy
250
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What are other identified risk factors in people?
* Co-60 RT,
* high total doses,
* short regimens with higher dose/fraction,
* large field size
251
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What imaging modality would be the most likely to correlate well with true findings in this lesion?
252
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Assuming there has been no tumor recurrence in this lesion found in a previously irradiated field,
When performing surgical debridement of this lesion, what signs would tell you that debridement is complete?
Normal appearing bone that bleeds readily.
253
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What factors are associated with lower risk?
* megavoltage RT (higher energy than orthovoltage)
* continuous hyperfractionated (more smaller fractions with less down time between)
* corticosteroid use during treatment
256
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management,
What is the most common TDI in cats?
Enamel-dentin-pulp fracture
257
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What 2 shapes were the best approximation?
Right elliptical frustrum (cone with amputated tip)
Right elliptical cone
258
Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management
How prevalent are TDI's in HEALTHY patients?
27% of healthy cats and dogs have a TDI
259
Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management
How prevalent are TDIs in cases of maxillofacial trauma?
72% of cases have a TDI
260
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What was performed in this study?
Measured dies from crowns with a laser scanner to evaluate surface area, and then used physical measurements to create a mathematical model to predict a crown pre's surface area.
261
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
Which lines in the photo below represent overbite and overjet? Describe the difference.
AB Overjet
CD overbite
overjet is how far the labial surface is rostral to where it should be (i.e. in line with labial surface of the mandibular incisors.)
Overbite is how far the occlusal surface is from where it should be (i.e. occluding with the mandibular incisors)
262
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What was done in this study?
restrospective looking at correction of MAL2 in foals using a device like this. orthodontic wires and an incline plane
264
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
Why do the not recommend using the best models chairside in clinical practice?
require laser scanning (elliptical frustrum) and complicated computer software mathematics
265
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What is the recommended model to use in clinical practice, why?
Circular cone - only requires 2 measurements and simple equation
need major base diameter and height
266
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What other 2 shapes provided an accurate estimate, and what is the drawback to using them chairside?
Right pyramidal cone and circular frustrum
both need 3 measurements and equations are more difficult.
269
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What surgical and post op complications were seen?
surgical - bleeding major palatine arteries
post-op - device hurt mare's udder
permanent incisors abnormal eruption in 7
valve diastema between maxillary 07's and 08's in ALL foals
270
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
in what proportion of overbites and overjets did treatment reduce the malocclusion?
Overjet 95%
Overbite 90%
271
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What proportion of foals had a complete reduction of overjet and what proportion had a reduction to \<5mm overjet?
25% complete reduction
51% to \<5mm (functionally corrected)
272
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What factors had a positive impact on treatment?
starting at an early age
increased severity at diagnosis had a positive association with rate of correction
273
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
Which breed had the smaller airway?
The pug
274
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
In what location was the airway the smallest?
Dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate
275
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
Which breed has the larger and thicker soft palate?
french bulldog
276
According to Suske A, Poschke A, Schrock P, Kirschner S, Brockmann M, Staszyk C.
Infundibula of equine maxillary cheek teeth. Part 1: Development, blood supply and infundibular cementogenesis.
Why is the mesial infundibulum more prone to incomplete cementogenesis?
central artery supplying bloodflow for genetation of cementum is destroyed at eruption. lateral arteries located more coronally, and destroyed soon after eruption for mesial infundibulum, wheras the distal infundibulum has a more apically located artery which persists for longer after eruption.
277
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What was performed in this study?
- harvested fat from 9 cats with non responsive FCGS.
- grew mesenchymal stem cells from them and injected them IV back into the cats.
- repeated injection after 1 month
- 20 million stem cells per injection
measured response to treatment via blood markers, histopath and a clinical scorinng system
278
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what T cell changes are seen in cats with stomatitis?
High CD8+ cells and a low CD4:CD8 ratio
279
According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in
An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia,
Identify the equine abnormality in b (arrows and star), c and d.
a. normal
b. hook and sharp enamel points
c step
d. diastemata and periodontal pockets.
N.B. Wave mouth not shown
280
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What are the immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells?
* MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation,
* alter B-cell function,
* downregulate MHC II on antigen-presenting cells,
* inhibit dendritic cell maturation and differentiation
281
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what cytokine change was seen in cats that responded?
increase in serum IL-6
282
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what proportion of cats had a cure or significant improvement?
5/7 or 71%
283
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What T cell change was predictive of response to therapy?
low percentage of CD8+ lo cells predicted response to therapy
284
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
Succesful ASC treatment resulted in what 5 outcomes?
* (a) complete clinical remission or reduction in clinical disease severity,
* (b) histologic resolution of the oral lesions,
* (c) reduction of total circulating CD8+ T cells (and increased CD8lo cells),
* (d) resolution of neutrophilia and reduction of serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1b and IFN-g), and
* (e) increases in serum IL-6 levels.
285
According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in
An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia,
What were the 4 most common abnormalities identified, in order of prevalence?
Sharp enamel points
Hooks
Wave mouth
periodontal pockets
287
Schwabenlander M, Stepaniuk K, Carstensen M, Armien AG.
Brain, Craniofacial, and Dental Lesions of a Free-ranging Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Implicated in a Human Attack in Minnesota, USA.
•A wolf implicated in a human attack had a messed up skull, dentition and brain.
288
289
According to Carreira LM, Dias D, Azevedo P. in
Relationship Between Gender, Age, and Weight and the Serum Ionized Calcium Variations in Dog Periodontal Disease Evolution,
What correlations were found between age, PD Dz and iCa?
As age increase,
PD Dz increases
ionized calcium decreases
290
According to Miguel Carreira L, Daniela D, Pedro A. in
Serum Ionized Calcium Quantification for Staging Canine Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study
What was found with regards to serum iCa and PdDz.
how does it compare to the other study by the same authors?
ionized calcium goes up with worsening PdDz.
exactly opposite to other study by the same authors, which says it goes down as animals age and as PDDz gets worse.
291
According to Lohinai Z, Keremi B, Szoko E, et al. in
Biofilm Lysine Decarboxylase, a New Therapeutic Target for Periodontal Inflammation,
What is tranexaminic acid (TA) and What was the main problem with the TA mouthwash?
TA is an analog of lysine. inhibits biofilm formation
also inhibits attachment of gingival epithelial cells
292
According to Santos M, Carreira LM. in
Mathematical equation for prediction of cat mandibular canal height dimension based on canine tooth width measurement,
Which of the following measurements was correlated with canine tooth width?
what was the margin of error?
Height of the mandibular canal.
margin of error was 0.4 mm
294
According to Carvalho CM, Rahal SC, Mesquita L, Castilho MS, Kano W, Mamprim M. in
Mandibulectomy for treatment of fractures associated with severe periodontal disease,
What was the most common location for fracture in this case series?
ROSTRAL to M1
295
According to Losinski SL, Stanley BJ, Schallberger SP, Nelson LL, Millard HAMT. in
Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction,
what is being shown here?
transillumination of the flap to ensure incorporation of AO artery.
296
According to Carvalho CM, Rahal SC, Mesquita L, Castilho MS, Kano W, Mamprim M. in
Mandibulectomy for treatment of fractures associated with severe periodontal disease,
How many bilateral and how many unilateral fractures were there?
4 bilateral, 2 unilateral
298
According to Losinski SL, Stanley BJ, Schallberger SP, Nelson LL, Millard HAMT. in
Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction,
the plane of dissection should be deep to which muscles?
In which direction is dissection performed?
deep to the platysma and the sphincter colli profundus
dissect caudal to rostral
299
According to Losinski SL, Stanley BJ, Schallberger SP, Nelson LL, Millard HAMT. in
Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction,
what was the rate of dehiscence, what was the stated reason for this?
3/9 flaps dehisced at the distal edge.
thought they had extended flap beyond where the blood supply would reach
300
According to Losinski SL, Stanley BJ, Schallberger SP, Nelson LL, Millard HAMT. in
Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction
what was the most common flap complication?
mild(3/9) or moderate (5/9) flap edema
302
According to Losinski SL, Stanley BJ, Schallberger SP, Nelson LL, Millard HAMT. in
Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction,
What are the landmarks for the flap incisions?
dorsal border of the flap: incision along the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, extending caudally to either just beyond the vertical ear canal or to the wing of the atlas, depending on the desired length of the flap
The ventral border of the flap was created with a parallel incision at the level of the horizontal ramus of the mandible, and the caudal border of the flap was created by joining these ventral and dorsal incisions.
303
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs
What was the study design?
retrospective looking at CT's of healthy mandibles and measuring cortical bone thickness at various locations
split into groups based on weight
304
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
Why were they looking for 2mm of thickness?
need 2mm of thickness of cortical bone to generate compression with plate fixation and monocortical screws
305
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
what thickness was found in all medium and large dogs at 3mm from the alveolar margin?
bone thickness \<2mm
in small dogs was \>2mm at this location
306
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
What was found in the distal root of M1 location?
fewer measurements,
since they start at the alveolar crest and measure thickness every 3 mm moving down the mandible,
indicates loss of mandibular height at this location
307
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
what was the recommendation about anchorage over roots of PM4 and M1?
Bone is thinner in this location and so anchorage here should be avoided
308
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
At what level is it recommended to place anchorage?
6-9 mm below the alveolar margin
309
Accoding to Snyder CJ, Soukup JW, Drees R, Tabone TJ. in
Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs,
How many screws are recommended?
does the number of screws or mono versus bicortical screws make a bigger difference in a 2mm adaption plate?
3 screws on either side
number of screws makes a bigger difference than having bicortical anchorage
310
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
what are the histological findings with ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia?
replacement of bone with fibrous tissue with various degrees of ossification and mineralization;
bland spindle shaped cells surrounding woven bone trabeculae with no evidence of malignancy
311
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
What are the radiographic differences between ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia?
* OF – ossifying fibroma
* appears well-circumscribed with sharply defined borders
* FD fibrous dysplasia
* characterized by poorly discernible borders that blend in with the surrounding bone (ill-defined margins)
312
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
What is the malignant lesion that can mimic these lesions?
what are it's histo and rad characteristics?
low grade osteosarcoma
Bone invasion and subtle cytologic atypia on histo
imaging may be suggestive of a more aggressive lesion
313
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
Where do osteomas arise and what differentiates them?
arise on the surface of bones that ossify by intramembranous route
histologically distinct, and well circumscribed on rads
314
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
What 2 lesions discussed have well defined radiographic borders?
Osteoma (not a true POFL, but similar appearance)
ossifying fibroma
315
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
Which 2 lesions have ill-defined borders?
Fibrous dysplasia
low grade osteosarcoma
316
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
Which 2 lesions are histologically indistinct?
Ossifying fibroma
fibrous dysplasia
317
According to Soltero-Rivera M, Engiles JB, Reiter AM, Reetz J, Lewis JR, Sánchez MD. in
Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs,
How and where does cemento-osseous dysplasia appear?
at tooth apices,
well circumscribed
smaller in size than other lesions, and self-limiting
318
Low SB, Peak RM, Smithson CW, Perrone J, Gaddis B, Kontogiorgos E.
Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs.
What did they find?
•Application of an antibacterial and anti-oxidant gel reduced oral malodour
319
According to Ladouceur EEB, Walker KS, Mohr FC, Murphy B. In:
Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat,
What structure is though tto give rise to odontogenic keratocyst?
Rests of serres (remnants of dental lamina)
320
According to Ladouceur EEB, Walker KS, Mohr FC, Murphy B. In:
Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat,
What are the key histologic features?
* luminal **parakeratotic or, less commonly, orthokeratotic keratin**,
* surrounded by a thin cystic lining of squamous epithelium 6-10 cell layers thick.
* epithelial lining is characterized by a prominently palisading layer of columnar basal cells
321
According to Ladouceur EEB, Walker KS, Mohr FC, Murphy B. In:
Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat,
In suspect cases, what is it important to submit for pathology, what is it's gross appearance?
Cyst lining - thin and friable and frequently folded or collapse
Cyst content - , viscous, opaque, pale yellow material
322
According to Ladouceur EEB, Walker KS, Mohr FC, Murphy B. In:
Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat,
What was performed in this 16yo MC DSH diagnosed with odontogenic keratocyst on incisional biopsy?
No further treatment, older cat, seemed comfortable, would have needed mandibulectomy.
324
According to Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,
What are tramadol's mechanism of action?
* activation of opioid receptors preferentially of the u-subtype
* Enhancement of the extra-cellular concentrations serotonin and noradrenaline by blocking reuptake
* additional release of serotonin
325
According to Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,
What is tramadol's active metabolite?
O-demethyl tramadol
326
According to Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,
how was pain tested in these dogs?
tail flick test - used a hot heat lamp directed at the tail and measured delay in flick in response to heat condition
327
According to Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,
how effective was tramadol at anti-nociception?
what about morphine and tapentadole?
tramadol did nothing - no response measurable
both of the others caused anti-nociception
328
According to Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,
What was the conclusion with regards to tramadol's efficacy for pain control and their reasons why?
No analgesic effect of IV tramadol
low concentration of the active metabolite O-demethyl tramadol (M1)
329
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
where were the majority of proliferative locations located?
near the mandibular first molar
330
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
where were the majority of foveae located?
buccal mucosa or gingiva of mandibular M1 (6/7)
(other was mandibular P4)
331
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
Name the mucogingival lesions pictured.
332
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
Where were the majority of clefts located?
Mandbular M1 (7/11)
Mandibular fourth preolar (4/11)
334
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
what were the two histological patterns for proliferative lesions?
* (type 1; seven lesions [41%])
* predominantly inflammatory, classified as chronic focal lymphoplasmocytic mucositis
* type 2; 10 lesions [59%]
* predominantly hyperplastic, classified as chronic focal fibrovascular hyperplastic mucositis
335
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
what factors does the author theorize are responsible for the formation of fovaea versus clefts versus proliferations?
foveae and clefts - contact the gingiva with different degrees of contact
proliferations - contact aveolar or buccal mucosa
336
According to Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S. in
Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up,
how common was progression from one lesion type to another?
never occurred!
337
According to Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. in
Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012).
What was performed in this study?
retrospective review of records from dogs with melanoma, treated with surgery +/- adjuvant treatment,
151 cases from a variety of clinics
338
According to Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. in
Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012).
How many dogs were treated with surgery alone?
How many had adjunctive treatment?
98 dogs had surgery alone
12 had radiation
32 had chemo (26 had a platinum based)
14 dogs had a melanoma vaccine
339
According to Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. in
Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012).
What effect did adjunctive treatment have on median survival time?
no effect was detected
340
According to Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. in
Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012).
What was the overall median survival time?
346 days
341
According to Boston SE, Lu X, Culp WTN, et al. in
Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012).
What were negative prognostic factors that were identified?
Age \>12
maximum tumor dimension
intralesional excision (vs other types of excision) had a worse prognosis.
342
According to Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, Livingston A, Dowling PM.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats,
What was the minimum fentanyl serum concentration that induced antinociception?
1.33 ng/mL
343
According to Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, Livingston A, Dowling PM.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats,
How many cats had adverse reactions, what was it?
1 - hypersalivation
344
According to Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, Livingston A, Dowling PM.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats,
what were the behavioural reactions seen?
sedation (6/8)
euphoria (4/8)
345
According to Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, Livingston A, Dowling PM.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats,
how many cats became hyperthermic?
How many became aggressive?
None
None
346
According to Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, Livingston A, Dowling PM.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats,
what was determined with regards to accumulation of fentanyl in cats over the two hour time period?
Fentanyl did not accumulate over the time period,
Plasma concentration actually went down over the infusion period.
347
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
What major complications were encountered?
None in this case series
348
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
How many plates became exposed?
None
349
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
how many dogs developed exuberant bone growth?
none
350
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
What minor complications were encountered?
mild oozing from the surgery site at 2 weeks,
gingival cyst in 1 dog,
all resolved by 4 weeks
351
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
One dog developed a round void on radiographs which resolved by 5 months - what was the proposed nature and explanation?
development of fatty marrow void
BMP's can also induce adipogenesis in addition to or instead of osteocytes
352
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
why do the authors theorize they had no plate exposure?
used a single bigger plate (3mm locking with locking screws) in a more ventral location than other reports where 2 plates were used.
353
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
How much BMP solution was used?
0.5mg/mL rhBMP-2 at a volume corresponding
50% of the volume of the prepared CRM.
354
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM, Huey DJ, Cissell DD, Athanasiou KA. in
Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 1—Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies,
How dense was the regenerated tissue compared to the other side?
roughly 50% of the density in the 2 dogs with follow up CT.
porosity higher in 1 dog, and lower in the other.
355
356
According to Carmalt JL, Linn KA. in
Large Segmental Mandibulectomy for Treatment of an Undifferentiated Sarcoma in a Horse.,
How long did it take to perform the procedure, what was the total anesthesia time?
11.5h surgery, 12.5h anesthesia
357
According to Carmalt JL, Linn KA. in
Large Segmental Mandibulectomy for Treatment of an Undifferentiated Sarcoma in a Horse.,
What complication was encountered post-op?
Sloughing of some of the skin (healed by 2nd intention)
358
According to Carmalt JL, Linn KA. in
Large Segmental Mandibulectomy for Treatment of an Undifferentiated Sarcoma in a Horse.,
What was the cosmetic and funtional outcome?
Did the horse experience mandibular drift?
They were good,
no mandibular drift
359
According to Carmalt JL, Linn KA. in
Large Segmental Mandibulectomy for Treatment of an Undifferentiated Sarcoma in a Horse.,
What were the authors 2 main points in the case report?
* extreme length of the successful anesthetic period
* the ability of the horse to cope postoperatively with the large mandibular defect
360
Winer JN, Liong SM, Verstraete FJM.
The Dental Pathology of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).
What was the most common pathlogy?
abraded teeth - 52% of teeth
98% of individuals
361
Winer JN, Liong SM, Verstraete FJM.
The Dental Pathology of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).
How common was periodontal disease, and tooth fracture?
Perio - 5.4% of teeth (74% of animals)
Tooth fracture - 4.5% of teeth
362
According to Marretta SM, Leesman M, Burgess-Gassler A, McClure GD, Buelow M, Finn M.
Pilot evaluation of a novel test strip for the assessment of dissolved thiol levels, as an indicator of canine gingival health and periodontal status.,
What cut off was proposed for correlating deep pockets with the strip score? How accurate would it have been?
Score of 5/10
80% accutare in determining whether or not pockets \>3mm exist
363
According to Marretta SM, Leesman M, Burgess-Gassler A, McClure GD, Buelow M, Finn M.
Pilot evaluation of a novel test strip for the assessment of dissolved thiol levels, as an indicator of canine gingival health and periodontal status.,
What was the cutoff below which most dogs had healthy gingiva?
3
364
According to Marretta SM, Leesman M, Burgess-Gassler A, McClure GD, Buelow M, Finn M.
Pilot evaluation of a novel test strip for the assessment of dissolved thiol levels, as an indicator of canine gingival health and periodontal status.,
What intraoral location was used for swabbing with the strip?
buccal maxillary gingival margin
365
In Gandolfi B, Liu H, Griffioen L, Pedersen NC.
Simple recessive mutation in ENAM is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in I talian G reyhounds,
What was the genetic defect associated with enamel hypoplasia?
•The enamel hypoplasia was associated with a 5-bp deletion in exon 10 of the enamelin (ENAM) gene.
366
In Gandolfi B, Liu H, Griffioen L, Pedersen NC.
Simple recessive mutation in ENAM is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in I talian G reyhounds,
What was the prevalence of enamel defects in italian greyhounds, and what is the prevalence of carriers with normal teeth?
enamel defects 14%
carriers 30%
367
According to Kim CG, Lee S, Kim JW, Park HM. in
Assessment of Dental Abnormalities by Full-Mouth Radiography in Small Breed Dogs
What proportion of TEETH showed abnormal findings?
29.6%
368
According to Kim CG, Lee S, Kim JW, Park HM. in
Assessment of Dental Abnormalities by Full-Mouth Radiography in Small Breed Dogs
In what proportion of teeth with dental disease were there additional and important findings?
•, 84.8% of the teeth showing radiographic evidence of dental disease provided additional and important findings
369
According to Kim CG, Lee S, Kim JW, Park HM. in
Assessment of Dental Abnormalities by Full-Mouth Radiography in Small Breed Dogs,
What was the most common abnormal finding?
Alveolar bone loss
370
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs.
What was performed in thiis study?
* 36 dogs, 4 groups: systemic azithromycin, placebo capsule, azithromycin toothpaste, placecbo toothpaste
* Treated for 4 weeks, evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks
371
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs
What was found with sulcus depth for the azithromycin capsule?
significant decrease in sulcus depth at the 8 week measurement
372
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs
What was found in the azithromycin toothpaste with regards to sulcus depth?
significant decrease in sulcus depth at 2 4 and 8 weeks
373
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs
What parameters showed no significant difference in the study for any group?
No significant difference in global scores or tooth length (measured free gingival margin to the tip of the crown)
374
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs
How do the authors propose that the sulcus depth decreased, but the length of the tooth (gingival margin to the tip of the crown) did not increase?
claim that healing within the depth of the sulcus occurred, and decreased pocket depth by periodontium re-attaching to the tooth cementum
375
Rosenberg A, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C, Angus J, Keys D.
Evaluation of azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin‐associated gingival overgrowth in dogs
What adverse events were common and in which group dd they occur the most?
vomiting and diarrhea.
most common in the azithromycin capsule group
376
According to Laureys WG, Cuvelier CA, Dermaut LR, De Pauw GA. in
The critical apical diameter to obtain regeneration of the pulp tissue after tooth transplantation, replantation, or regenerative endodontic treatment
What was found in teeth with an apical diameter as small as 0.24 mm?
regeneration of pulp in at least apical third
377
According to Laureys WG, Cuvelier CA, Dermaut LR, De Pauw GA. in
The critical apical diameter to obtain regeneration of the pulp tissue after tooth transplantation, replantation, or regenerative endodontic treatment
The 6 most successful teeth had diameters in what range?
0.32 - 0.65mm
378
According to Arzi B, Winer JN, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. in
Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
What proportion of the otters have TMJ OA?
•4% of sea otters have TMJ OA
379
According to Arzi B, Winer JN, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. in
Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
What were the most prominent changes?
•most prominent changes were the presence of osteophytes and subchondral bone defects and porosity
380
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
Where was the most common location for cheek teeth diastemata?
mandibular 09/10
381
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
what proportio were in the maxilla? what proportion in the mandible?
90% mandible, 10% maxilla
382
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
What complications were encountered?
•6 cases of inadvertently damaged teeth – 4 dentin exposed, 2 pulp exposed
383
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
What proportion of animals had resolution of clinical signs, in how many was it permanent?
•showed that 72.6% had complete remission of clinical signs
permanent (for the duration of this study) in 50.5% and temporary in 22%.
384
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
What were the 2 most common clinical signs?
quidding of food (76%)
weight loss (33%)
385
According to Dixon PM, Ceen S, Barnett T, O' Leary JM, Parkin TD, Barakzai S. in
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
how often was clinical improvement delayed?
Clinical improvement was sometimes delayed, with
19% taking \>4 weeks following treatment for improvement
386
According to Culp WTN, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. in
Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008),
What were the 2 most common neoplasms of the tongue, and what proportion?
SCC - 32%
Malignant melanoma - 30%
387
According to Culp WTN, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. in
Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008),
What was the OVERALL MST?
483 days
388
According to Culp WTN, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. in
Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008),
What was the MST for dogs with SCC?
What was the MST for dogs with melanoma?
216 days for dogs with squamous cell carcinoma
241 days for dogs with malignant melanoma
389
According to Culp WTN, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. in
Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008),
What prognostic factors were identified?
lingual tumors \>2cm in diameter at diagnosis had a significantly shorter survival time than did dogs with tumors \< 2 cm
390
According to Culp WTN, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. in
Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008),
What were 2 big problems with the study?
* grouped all tumor types together for some of the analyses
* 16 tumor types, 14 institutions, did not treat the same or follow up the same
391
According to Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, et al. in
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007.)
What was the overall metastatic rate?
58%
392
According to Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, et al. in
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007.)
What was the median metastasis free interval?
What was the median survival time?
median met free interval was 627 days
median survival time 525 days
393
According to Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, et al. in
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007.)
Did most dogs die from local recurrence or metastases?
90% of the dogs that died rel'd to tumor were dt metastatic disease
394
According to Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, et al. in
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007.)
What prognostic factors were identified that were significantly (or very close to it) predictive of longer survival?
Histologic grade of I - better prognosis than 2 or 3
Mitotic index \<40 better prognosis (p=0.0507)
395
According to Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, et al. in
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007.)
What was seen with regards to adjunctive chemotherapy?
survival times were longer (1023 days versus 525 days), but not significantly so due to small numbers
396
According to Kaori OTANI1, Tsutomu SUGAYA1, Mahito TOMITA2, Yukiko HASEGAWA3, Hirofumi MIYAJI1, Taichi TENKUMO1 Saori TANAKA1, Youji MOTOKI1, Yasuhiro TAKANAWA1 and Masamitsu KAWANAMI1
In
Healing of experimental apical periodontitis after apicoectomy using different sealing materials on the resected root end,
What was the only root end filling that showed cementum like tissue forming over the root end filling?
MTA!
397
According to Kaori OTANI1, Tsutomu SUGAYA1, Mahito TOMITA2, Yukiko HASEGAWA3, Hirofumi MIYAJI1, Taichi TENKUMO1 Saori TANAKA1, Youji MOTOKI1, Yasuhiro TAKANAWA1 and Masamitsu KAWANAMI1
In
Healing of experimental apical periodontitis after apicoectomy using different sealing materials on the resected root end,
What was observed with the ZOE and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SB) as root end fillings?
inflammatory cells adjacent to the root end filling
398
According to Catherine Buckley1, Alison Colyer1, Michal Skrzywanek2, Katarzyna Jodkowska3, Grzegorz Kurski4, Jerzy Gawor5 and Michal Ceregrzyn2\*
in
The impact of home-prepared diets and home oral hygiene on oral health in cats and dogs,
What effect of feeding a home prepared diet was seen?
increased the probability of an oral health problem in both cats and dogs
399
According to Catherine Buckley1, Alison Colyer1, Michal Skrzywanek2, Katarzyna Jodkowska3, Grzegorz Kurski4, Jerzy Gawor5 and Michal Ceregrzyn2\*
in
The impact of home-prepared diets and home oral hygiene on oral health in cats and dogs,
What was the effect of feeding a dry commercial diet?
significant beneficial effect of feeding only commercial pet food compared with the home prepared diet when at least part of the diet was composed of dry pet food
400
According to Catherine Buckley1, Alison Colyer1, Michal Skrzywanek2, Katarzyna Jodkowska3, Grzegorz Kurski4, Jerzy Gawor5 and Michal Ceregrzyn2\*
in
The impact of home-prepared diets and home oral hygiene on oral health in cats and dogs,
What other factor was identified that had a positive effect on oral hygiene?
•Tooth brushing and the offering of dental treats
401
According to Mansour Al-Askar, MSc;\* Rory O’Neill, MS;† Paul C. Stark, ScD;‡ Terrence Griffin, DMD;§ Fawad Javed, PhD;¶ Khalid Al-Hezaimi, MSc\*\*
in
Effect of Single and Contiguous Teeth Extractions on Alveolar Bone Remodeling: A Study in Dog
What was observed extraction of multiple adjacent teeth compared to only a single tooth?
Greater vertical alveolar bone loss when remodelling complete
402
According to B. Arzi\*, B. Murphy†, A. Nemec\*, N. Vapniarsky†, D. K. Naydan† and F. J. M. Verstraete‡
in
Expression of Cytokeratins in the Epithelium of Canine Odontogenic Tumours,
What cytokeratins were expressed in odontogenic epitheleium?
CK 14, CK 5/6
403
According to Vincent P. Willard, Boaz Arzi, Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
The attachments of the temporomandibular joint disc: A biochemical and histological investigation
What is the main tissue distinction between the TMJ disk and it's attachments?
the main distinction between these tissues is that the disc is a fibrocartilage, whilst the attachments are generally fibrous tissues
404
Miniplate fixation for the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats
Adelina Maria da SilvaI, Wilson Machado de SouzaII, Marion Burkhardt de KoivistoIII, Patrícia de Athayde BarnabéIV, Nair Trevizan Machado de SouzaV
What was performed in this study?
segmental mandibular defect created behind M1 or at M1 (with extraction)
filled with autogenous iliac crest bone graft and **1.5 miniplate** used for fixation
rads and histopath after 20 weeks
405
Miniplate fixation for the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats
Adelina Maria da SilvaI, Wilson Machado de SouzaII, Marion Burkhardt de KoivistoIII, Patrícia de Athayde BarnabéIV, Nair Trevizan Machado de SouzaV
What was found?
formation of woven bone in rostral and caudal mandible/graft interfaces
no cases of malunion or non-union
406
Miniplate fixation for the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats
Adelina Maria da SilvaI, Wilson Machado de SouzaII, Marion Burkhardt de KoivistoIII, Patrícia de Athayde BarnabéIV, Nair Trevizan Machado de SouzaV
What was the main conclusion?
The use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation
407
According to Dahle´n G, Charalampakis G, Abrahamsson I, Bengtsson L, Falsen E
in
Predominant bacterial species in subgingival plaque in dogs (journal of periodontal resesarch, 2012)
What was the collection and microbiological methodology?
paper point collection from sulcus of P4's of labradors with no Pd Dz.
**bacterial Culture**, followed by identification of isolates
408
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
409
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
410
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
411
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
412
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
413
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
414
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
415
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
416
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
417
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
418
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
419
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
420
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
421
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
422
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
423
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
424
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
425
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
426
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
427
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
428
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
429
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
430
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
431
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
432
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
433
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
434
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
435
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
436
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
437
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
438
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
439
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
440
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
441
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
442
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
443
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
444
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
445
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
446
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
447
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
448
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
449
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
450
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
451
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
452
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
453
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
454
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
455
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
456
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
457
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
458
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
459
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
460
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
461
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
462
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
463
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
464
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
465
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
466
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
467
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
468
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
469
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
470
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
471
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
472
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
473
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
474
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
475
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
476
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
477
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
478
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
479
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
480
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
481
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
482
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
483
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
484
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
485
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
486
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
487
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
488
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
489
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
490
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
491
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
492
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
493
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
494
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
495
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
496
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
497
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
498
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
499
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
500
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
501
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
502
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
503
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
504
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
505
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
506
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
507
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
508
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
509
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
510
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
511
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
512
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
513
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
514
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
515
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
516
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
517
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
518
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
519
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
520
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
521
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
522
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
523
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
524
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
525
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
526
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
527
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
528
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
529
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
530
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
531
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
532
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
533
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
534
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
535
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
536
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
537
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
538
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
539
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
540
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
541
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
542
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
543
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
544
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
545
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
546
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
547
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
548
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
549
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
550
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
551
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
552
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
553
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
554
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
555
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
556
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
557
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
558
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
559
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
560
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
561
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
562
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
563
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
564
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
565
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
566
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
567
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
568
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
569
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
570
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
571
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
572
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
573
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
574
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
575
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
576
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
577
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
578
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
579
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
580
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
581
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
582
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
583
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
584
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
585
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
586
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
587
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
588
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
589
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
590
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
591
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
592
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
593
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
594
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
595
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
596
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
597
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
598
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
599
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
600
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
601
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
602
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
603
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
604
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
605
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
606
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
607
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
608
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
609
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
610
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
611
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
612
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
613
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
614
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
615
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
616
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
617
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
618
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
619
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
620
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
621
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
622
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
623
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
624
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
625
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
626
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
627
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
628
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
629
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
630
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
631
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
632
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What was performed in this study?
this was a comparison of bacterial isolates obtained when cotton swabs were rolled over the teeth/gums versus using paper points to get samples from the sulcus
633
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Here is the pulp horn numbering system:
Here it is again!
Here are some tricks -
- mandibular teeth have a single continuously running line of enamel with no infundibulae
- Maxillary teeth have 2 infundibulae each, which are additional 'irregular loops' of enamel in the middle of the tooth, usually pictured with a little black spot in the middle (this is not a pulp horn.)
- We usually number the buccal pulp horns first, from front to back (1 and 2) Then the palatal/labial horns, also front to back. on mandibular teeth, 3, 4, 5 are in a line, front to back. On maxillary teeth, horn 5 is the palatal-most (between 3 and 4)
- only 06's have a horn 6, it is at the 'rostral most point of the tooth'
- maxillary 11's have 2 small pulp horns at the very back, 7 and 8 (they have no 6) for a total of 7 pulp horns
mandibular 11's have a horn 7 at the very back, for a total of 6 pulp horns (again no 6)
My best bet: Memorize the basic pattern for a maxillary and mandibular 09. for all 06's add a pulp horn 6 at the most mesial extent. For a maxillary 11, add a 7 bucally and an 8 palatally For mandibular 11's add a 7 at the most distal extent.
Sigh.
634
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth? What number?
Number the pulp horns
maxillary 11. you can tell because there are 7 pulp horns, and no other tooth has that. number goes up to 8, but there is no 6 (only on 06's is there a 6)
635
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a maxillary 09. What are the two unlabelled black spots in the centre of the tooth? what disease process occurs here?
number the pulp horns
black spots are centre of infundibulae, where arteries supply cementum with blood during development. Infundibular caries can occur here
636
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 06. is it maxillary or mandibular? Number the pulp horns
Maxillary - has infundibulae and has cingulae
637
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This is a mandibular 11. How many pulp horns are there?
Number them.
6 pulp horns (no horn 6, skip 5 to 7)
638
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
This tooth is an 09. is it maxillary or mandibular? How do you know? number the pulp horns
mandibular. No infundibulae, no cingulae.
639
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Is this a maxillary or mandibular tooth and which number?
Number the pulp horns.
Mandibular 06
640
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
In general how is it recommended to reduce dental overgrowths in the horse, what is the goal?
* equine CT overgrowths should be gradually reduced, by a few millimetres at a time, over a prolonged period.
* clinical purpose of reducing overgrown CT should not be to make them level with adjacent normal-height teeth, but to prevent them from causing soft tissue trauma and/ or mechanical obstruction of normal mastication (rarely a need to fully reduce them)
641
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
Why is complete reduction of the overgrowth contraindicated?
In 58% of these teeth, would expose pulp tissue.
642
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found with regard to the height of the overgrowth versus the heigh of subocclusal dentin?
in 14/24 (58%) of teeth, the height of the overgrowth was higher than the subocclusal dentin
643
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in maxillary overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
dentin significantly thicker in overgrown maxillary teeth versus control (~12.5 mm versus 9.4 mm)
644
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was found in mandibular overgrown versus normal cheek teeth?
No significant difference
average dentin thickness about 11 mm
645
According to Marshall R, Shaw DJ, Dixon PM.
in
A study of sub-occlusal secondary dentine thickness in overgrown equine cheek teeth. The Veterinary Journal. 2012;193(1):53-57.
What was performed in this study?
measurement of thickness of subocclusal dentin in cheek teeth with overgrowth and in normal cheek teeth
646
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What materials were tested?
MTA, AH plus, Glass ionomer cement and gutta percha
647
According to Vanni JR, Della-Bona A, Figueiredo JAPd, Pedro G, Voss D, Kopper PMP.
in
Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011;19(4):421.
What material was best for sealing furcal perforations?
MTA
648
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Was the primary or secondary dentition associated with increased remodelling?
No difference
649
According to Randall LE, Beck FM, Huja SS.
in Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs. The Angle orthodontist. 2011;81(6):931.
Where was bony remodelling greatest in the skeletally immature dog?
The mandible
650
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the 25th percentile survival time for controls and vaccinated animals?
controls - 156 days
Vaccinated animals 464 days
651
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the MST for historical controls?
What was the MST for vaccinated animals?
Controls - 324 days
MST not reached for vaccinated animals
652
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is a melanoma differentiation antigen (essential to melanin synthesis)
653
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was the methodology?
58 dogs diagnosed with stage II or III oral malignant melanoma
4 injection series of human tyrosinase vaccine, then boostered q 6 months
monitored for adverse reactions and survival times
654
According to Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al.
in
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American journal of veterinary research. 2011;72(12):1631.
What was a major problem with the control group used?
used a historical control group
655
According to Corbee RJ, Booij‐Vrieling HE, Van De Lest CHA, et al.
in
Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2012;96(4):671-680.
What effect did altered omega3:omega6 ratios have on the healing and degree of inflammation in FCGS cats treated surgically?
Nothing!!!!
656
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
How common was FCV RNA and antibodies in FCGS cast and controls?
FCV RNA in 53.8% of affected cats and 14% in controls
a significant difference was also found in the prevalence of antibodies to FCV between the cats with chronic gingivostomatitis 78.8%, vs controls (58.0%).
657
According to Belgard S, Truyen U, Thibault JC, et al.
in
Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.
What was the only agent that was significantly more common in FCGS cats than controls?
Feline Calicivirus
658
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What proportion of potentially novel clones were detected in each group?
novel species account for 38.2%, 38.3% and 35.3%, of clones in the normal, gingivitis and
periodontitis groups, respectively
659
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with periodontitis?
Culture - Actinomyces canis PCR - Desulfomicrobium orale
660
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in dogs with gingivitis?
Culture - Bacteroides, Pasteurella; PCR - Porphyromonas cangingivalis
661
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What were the predominant culture results and PCR results in healthy dogs?
Culture - uncultured bacterium, PCR - pseudomonas spp.
662
According to Riggio MP, Lennon A, Taylor DJ, Bennett D.
in Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;150(3-4):394-400.
What was unique about this study at the time?
First study to use culture independent methodology in dogs
663
According to Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, et al.
in Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2011;149(3-4):500-503.
What differences were found between the 2 methods?
more bacteria and more anaerobes isolated when using a paper point to sample the sulcus than rolling a cotton swab over the teeth and gingiva.
664
According to Rusbridge C, Heath S, Gunn-Moore DA, Knowler SP, Johnston N, McFadyen AK.
in
Feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS): a retrospective study of 113 cases. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(6):498-508.
What breed of cat is most affected?
Burmese
665
According to Rusbridge C, Heath S, Gunn-Moore DA, Knowler SP, Johnston N, McFadyen AK.
in
Feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS): a retrospective study of 113 cases. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(6):498-508.
What is a common history of first signs ?
pain/discomfort when erupting the permanent teeth
666
According to Rusbridge C, Heath S, Gunn-Moore DA, Knowler SP, Johnston N, McFadyen AK.
in
Feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS): a retrospective study of 113 cases. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(6):498-508.
What are recommended medical therapies? What is ineffective?
phenobarbital 2-3 mg/kg
NSAIDS and opiates are ineffective
667
According to Rusbridge C, Heath S, Gunn-Moore DA, Knowler SP, Johnston N, McFadyen AK.
in
Feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS): a retrospective study of 113 cases. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(6):498-508.
What is the proposed etiology?
Burmese cats are predisposed and an inherited disorder affecting trigeminal sensory processing is suspected
668
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the classification of the extent of tooth resorption in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010;71(7):794-798.
In which category of teeth was the AVDC classification unusable?
Teeth with internal resorption
669
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the classification of the extent of tooth resorption in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010;71(7):794-798.
In which categories of teeth was the AVDC classification the most useable?
External replacement, external surface and external cervical root resorption
All could be classified 100%
670
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the classification of the extent of tooth resorption in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010;71(7):794-798.
What are stage 4a, 4b, and 4c in the AVDC system?
Extensive hard tissue loss
a) crown and root equally affected
b) primarily involves the crown
c) Primarily involves the root
671
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the classification of the extent of tooth resorption in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010;71(7):794-798.
All of these teeth are in stage 4 of resorption. Sub-stage them.
a is substage a
b is substage b
c is substage c
673
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the classification of the extent of tooth resorption in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010;71(7):794-798.
how applicable is the AVDC system for external inflammatory resorption?
46% of teeth could be classified
674
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
External cervical
675
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
External inflammatory
676
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
external replacement. 08 more advanced than 09
677
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
09 external surface
08 external replacement
678
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
Internal inflammatory.
Note the CCF
679
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
internal surface
smooth resorption, no fracture
680
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What is this type of resorption?
unclassifiable. multiple processes at play
681
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What was the prevalence of TR in the study (dogs and teeth)?
53% of dogs
11% of teeth
689
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What are the two most common types of resorption in this population?
external replacement in 34% of dogs and 8% of teeth
External inflammatory in 25% of dogs and 1% of teeth
690
According to Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH.
in
Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(7):784-793.
What pattern of resorption was not seen in this in this population?
internal replacement
691
According to Nicholson I, Wyatt J, Radke H, Langley-Hobbs SJ.
in
Treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint fracture-luxation using a bi-gnathic encircling and retaining device. Veterinary And Comparative Orthopaedics And Traumatology. 2010;23(2):102-108.
of 10 cases using a BEARD, how many were considered successful?
6/10
one cat didn't tolerate, one BEARD failed, one cat had BAD malocclusion post-op and one lost to follow up
692
According to Nicholson I, Wyatt J, Radke H, Langley-Hobbs SJ.
in
Treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint fracture-luxation using a bi-gnathic encircling and retaining device. Veterinary And Comparative Orthopaedics And Traumatology. 2010;23(2):102-108.
What were common commplications?
Complications included dorsal nasal skin swelling or discharge, oesophagostomy tube dislodgement or blockage, BEARD loosening, and regurgitation
693
According to Dowers KL, Hawley JR, Brewer MM, Morris AK, Radecki SV, Lappin MR.
in
Association of Bartonella species, feline calicivirus, and feline herpesvirus 1 infection with gingivostomatitis in cats. 2010;12(4):314-321.
What was found with FHV and bartonella?
No significant difference between FGS and control group
694
According to Dowers KL, Hawley JR, Brewer MM, Morris AK, Radecki SV, Lappin MR.
in
Association of Bartonella species, feline calicivirus, and feline herpesvirus 1 infection with gingivostomatitis in cats. 2010;12(4):314-321.
What was found with FCV?
FCV RNA was present in significantly more cats with FGS (40.5%) than control cats (0%).
695
According to Bar-Am Y, Verstraete F.
in
Elastic Training for the Prevention of Mandibular Drift Following Mandibulectomy in Dogs: 18 Cases (2005-2008). Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(5):574-580.
Where were the buttons attached?
One orthodontic button was attached to the lingual aspect of the canine
tooth of the intact mandible and 1 to the buccal aspect of the ipsilateral maxillary 4th premolar tooth
696
According to Bar-Am Y, Verstraete F.
in
Elastic Training for the Prevention of Mandibular Drift Following Mandibulectomy in Dogs: 18 Cases (2005-2008). Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(5):574-580.
How long post-op was normal occlusion achieved and in how many dogs?
Eight dogs achieved temporomandibular joint stability and normal occlusion after 4.5–6 month
697
According to Bar-Am Y, Verstraete F.
in
Elastic Training for the Prevention of Mandibular Drift Following Mandibulectomy in Dogs: 18 Cases (2005-2008). Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(5):574-580.
What proportion was the chain shortened from neutral?
Shortened to 75% of neutral
698
According to Bar-Am Y, Verstraete F.
in
Elastic Training for the Prevention of Mandibular Drift Following Mandibulectomy in Dogs: 18 Cases (2005-2008). Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(5):574-580.
What muscular pull is being counteracted by the device?
•lingual pull of the medial pterygoid muscle
699
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
What is a likely cause of this dental anomaly?
XLHED
700
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
What is a likely cause of this dental anomaly?
XLHED
701
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
What is a likely cause of this dental anomaly?
XLHED
702
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
in
Mandibular Rim Excision in Seven Dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(2):226-231.
What structures must not be compromised my surgical margins in order to be able to do a rim excision?
mandibular canal and ventral cortex
703
According to Arzi B, Verstraete FJM.
in
Mandibular Rim Excision in Seven Dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 2010;39(2):226-231.
What margins are unlikely to be achievable with mandibular rim excision?
20 mm
704
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
What were the main findings in the teeth affected dogs?
All dogs had crown/root abanormalities
conical or peg-shaped crowns,
decreased number of roots,
diminutive roots compared to normal counterparts,
fused roots, and
dilaceration of the crowns or roots
705
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
Which sex is overwhelmingly affected?
Males - only 1 x chromasome, so if the have the gene they are affected
females must be homozygous ot be affected
706
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
what was seen with regards to number of teeth?
marked hypodontia or oligodontia with 16/17 dogs missing at least 1 tooth
Most common dental manifestation
707
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
what conditions were never seen?
No dogs in the present study exhibited fusion, gemination, concresence or schizodontia.
708
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
how many affected dogs had a malocclusion? What was most common?
16/17 had a malocclusion
15/17 had mesioverterd canine teeth
2/17 had labioverted mandibular canines
2/17 had a caudal crossbite
709
According to Lewis JR, Reiter AM, Mauldin EA, Casal ML.
in
Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(1):40-47.
Which jaw was more commonly missing teeth?
Mandible
713
According to Gere I, Dixon PM.
in
Post mortem survey of peripheral dental caries in 510 Swedish horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2010;42(4):310-315.
Describe the classification system for peripheral caries?
714
According to Tuohy JL, Selmic LE, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Withrow SJ.
Outcome following curative-intent surgery for oral melanoma in dogs: 70 cases (1998-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(11):1266.
What were the median progression free interval and median survival time? How do they compare to other studies?
PFI 508 days
MST 723 days
longer than previous reports
715
According to Tuohy JL, Selmic LE, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Withrow SJ.
Outcome following curative-intent surgery for oral melanoma in dogs: 70 cases (1998-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(11):1266.
What was found with regards to administering adjuvant treatment?
What do the authors attribute this to?
significant increased hazard of disease progression
authors suggest selection bias - worse cases were recommended to receive adjuvant treatment
716
According to Tuohy JL, Selmic LE, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Withrow SJ.
Outcome following curative-intent surgery for oral melanoma in dogs: 70 cases (1998-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(11):1266.
What was found with dogs having surgery as the sole treatment?
Longer than expected survival times
medidan progression free interval of \>567 days
Median survival time 874 days
717
According to Tuohy JL, Selmic LE, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Withrow SJ.
Outcome following curative-intent surgery for oral melanoma in dogs: 70 cases (1998-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(11):1266.
Was there any evidence of different bioogicbehaviour bsed on intraoral location?
no
718
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in
Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation. Veterinary Surgery. 2015;44(4):432-436.
What are the landmarks for this intubation?
immediately lingual to the mandibular cortex, at the level of M1, with tongue tractioned the opposite way to avoid salivary ducts
719
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in
Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation. Veterinary Surgery. 2015;44(4):432-436.
In order, what layers of tissue are encountered at this location between the skin and oral cavity?
Skin, SQ, mylohyoideus muscle, oral mucosa
720
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in
Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation. Veterinary Surgery. 2015;44(4):432-436.
Roughly how long is this procedure reported to take?
10 minutes
721
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in
Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation. Veterinary Surgery. 2015;44(4):432-436.
How is the incision closed?
either closed in 2-3 layers, or left to heal by second intention (did 2 of each)
722
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in
Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation. Veterinary Surgery. 2015;44(4):432-436.
What is the only named vessel likely to be encountered?
sublingual artery
723
According to Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, Loew E, Gleed CA, Ludders JW. in
Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow. The Veterinary Journal. 2014;200(1):60-64.
What was performed in this study?
•Prospective study using magnetic resonance angiography and ERG measurements in cats to look at maxillary artery bloodflow during mouth opening at different measurements
724
According to Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, Loew E, Gleed CA, Ludders JW. in
Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow. The Veterinary Journal. 2014;200(1):60-64.
Why is this specifically relevant in cats?
Opening of the mouth can cause cerebral and retinal ischemia through compression of the maxillary arteries, which are the principal source of blood flow to the eyes and brain in cats
725
According to Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, Loew E, Gleed CA, Ludders JW. in
Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow. The Veterinary Journal. 2014;200(1):60-64.
What is the anatomic mechanism at play when cats have their mouth opened too wide?
compression of the maxillary arteries
opening the mouth narrows the distance between the **medial aspect of the angular process of the mandible and the rostrolateral border of the tympanic bulla;**
the maxillary artery courses between these two osseous structures
726
According to Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, Loew E, Gleed CA, Ludders JW. in
Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow. The Veterinary Journal. 2014;200(1):60-64.
What was found with the ERG?
A progressive reduction in both a and b waves of the ERG was observed in 1/6 cats, but only when the spring-loaded gag was placed on the right side
rest of cats had normal ERG
727
According to Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, Loew E, Gleed CA, Ludders JW. in
Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow. The Veterinary Journal. 2014;200(1):60-64.
What was found with the MRA in the fully open cats? What was found with the 42mm gag?
•When the mouth was fully opened,
* normal signal intensity 2/6 cats,
* focally reduced signal intensity was detected bilaterally in 2/6 cats,
* diffusely reduce signal intensity was detected bilaterally in the remaining 2/6 cats
At 42mm
* 1/6 cats focally reduced intensity was detected ipsilateral to gag
728
According to Marshall M, Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, Tweedie A, Harris S.
A longitudinal assessment of periodontal disease in 52 miniature schnauzers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2014;10(1):166.
How was periodontal disease assessed?
how was periodontitis defined?
what happenned to teeth when they were diagnosed with periodontitis?
what happened to dogs when \>12 teeth were diagnosed with periodontitis?
* Periodontal exam and probing, no rads
* periodontitis was any attachment loss
* once a tooth had periodontitis, it was scaled and polished, and removed from the study
* once a dog had \>12 teeth with periodontitis, the dog had a fulol scale and polish and was removed from the study
729
According to Marshall M, Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, Tweedie A, Harris S.
A longitudinal assessment of periodontal disease in 52 miniature schnauzers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2014;10(1):166.
What predictive effect did gingivitis have on progression to periodontitis?
none
730
According to Marshall M, Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, Tweedie A, Harris S.
A longitudinal assessment of periodontal disease in 52 miniature schnauzers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2014;10(1):166.
What tooth and what aspect was most likely to progress to periodontitis?
Incisors, lingual aspect
731
According to Marshall M, Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, Tweedie A, Harris S.
A longitudinal assessment of periodontal disease in 52 miniature schnauzers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2014;10(1):166.
What effect did age of the animal have?
Significant linear effect, in that for each year older time to progress to periodontitis was 5.5 weeks less
732
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T.
Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
In greenland from 1961-1998, what used to be mandatory?
•to cut the canines of sled dogs to decrease bites to humans
733
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T.
Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
By what factor does having crown shortening performed increase the risk of pulp exposure on a dog level? on a tooth level?
Dog level 4.3 x more likely to have exposed pulp,
tooth level 12.2 x more likely to have exposed pulp
734
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T.
Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
what are other reasons for these dogs to have pulp exposure?
live on rocky ground and eat semi-frozen food - fracture!
735
Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, Agger JFG, Eriksen T.
Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2015;56(4):264-269.
by what factor does exposed pulp increase the risk of periapical pathology?
109.5 x
736
According to Kornya MR, Little SE, Scherk MA, Sears WC, Bienzle D.
in Association between oral health status and retrovirus test results in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(8):916.
What was the most highly associated condition for risk of FIV infection?
Stomatitis
737
According to Kornya MR, Little SE, Scherk MA, Sears WC, Bienzle D.
in Association between oral health status and retrovirus test results in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(8):916.
What was the association with FeLV?
Presence of any oral inflammatory disease associated with risk of positive FeLV test
738
According to Kornya MR, Little SE, Scherk MA, Sears WC, Bienzle D.
in Association between oral health status and retrovirus test results in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2014;245(8):916.
What was a major problem with methodology?
these diseases were diagnosed by GP's at a number of clinics on the basis of awake oral exam.
739
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What association was found with extent of tooth extraction?
none - no significant association whether it was full mouth or partial mouth
740
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What effect did medical treatment before surgery have?
None - no effect of ab's, anti-inflammatory or analgesic medications
741
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What effect did medical treatment before surgery have?
742
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What effect did time from diagnosis to surgery have?
743
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What variables were highly predictive of response at the first recheck?
Resolution of abnormal behaviour
substantial resolution of stomatitic lesion at the first recheck
no need for antimicrobials beyond 14 days
744
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What proportion of cats had a subtantial improvement? What proportion of those required extended medical mangement (\> 14 days, but eventually off meds?)
67% had a substantial improvement
of those, 68% needed extended medical mangement
2/3 got better and 2/3 of those needed EMM
745
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What proportion of cats remained on medication of some sort long term to control clinical signs?
26%
746
According to Jennings MW, Lewis JR, Soltero-Rivera MM, Brown DC, Reiter AM.
in Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(6):654
What proportion of cats remained refractory following treatmert?
7%
747
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
At what frequency does the piezo vibrate at? What is it similar to, and what is different?
•25-35kHz range,
similar to a dental scaler, but the power is 3-6x greater
748
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
What are frequencies of 25-35 kHz specific for cutting?
mineralized tissue
749
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
What frequency is required to cut soft tissue?
\>50 kHz
750
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
What is the pattern of vibration, and how far does the tip move?
linear reciprocal excursions,
300 um
751
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
List 5 benefits of piezoelectric bone cutting?
* Selective cut of mineralized tissue
* reduce soft tissue trauma
* reduced hemmorhage (cavitation)
* excellent visibility
* precise cutting
* curvilinear cutting
* no thermal damage
* sterile irrigation
752
According to Hennet P. in
Piezoelectric Bone Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Potential Applications in Veterinary Oromaxillofacial Surgery. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2015;2(MAY):8.,
What is the recommended handpiece working pressure?
1.5 - 3 N (handwriting is about 1 N)
753
According to Gardner H, Fidel J, Haldorson G, Dernell W, Wheeler B. in
Canine oral fibrosarcomas: a retrospective analysis of 65 cases (1998–2010). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2015;13(1):40-47.
What was the most common breed, and moost common oral location?
Golden retriever
Maxilla
754
According to Gardner H, Fidel J, Haldorson G, Dernell W, Wheeler B. in
Canine oral fibrosarcomas: a retrospective analysis of 65 cases (1998–2010). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2015;13(1):40-47.
What treatment (s) brought significantly better results than others?
Combo of surgery and curative intent radiation
755
According to Gardner H, Fidel J, Haldorson G, Dernell W, Wheeler B. in
Canine oral fibrosarcomas: a retrospective analysis of 65 cases (1998–2010). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2015;13(1):40-47.
What was found with regards to surgical margins?
Not associated with progression free survival
756
According to Gardner H, Fidel J, Haldorson G, Dernell W, Wheeler B. in
Canine oral fibrosarcomas: a retrospective analysis of 65 cases (1998–2010). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2015;13(1):40-47.
What was found with regards to tumor grade?
significant association, but not predictable.
Grade I fare the best - MST 575 days - 18 months
Grade II fared worst - MST 194 days - 6 months
Grade III in the middle - MST 367 days - 12 months
757
According to Gardner H, Fidel J, Haldorson G, Dernell W, Wheeler B. in
Canine oral fibrosarcomas: a retrospective analysis of 65 cases (1998–2010). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2015;13(1):40-47.
What was found with aggressiveness of the surgical procedure?
statistically significant with regards to median survival,
Not related to progression free interval.
758
