John's relationship with Scotland, Ireland and Wales Flashcards
(18 cards)
What was the Quitclaim of Canterbury and when was it signed?
Signed in 1189, it was an agreement where William the Lion of Scotland bought back independence from Richard I for 10,000 marks.
This agreement was crucial for Scotland’s autonomy during a period of English dominance.
What did William the Lion demand in 1200 and what did he refuse?
He demanded Cumberland, Northumbria, and Westmorland, and refused to do homage to John for Tynedale. He also backed Arthur of Brittany over John.
This refusal indicated a significant challenge to John’s authority.
How did John initially respond to William’s defiance in 1200?
He summoned William to York in March; when he refused, John seized Scottish ships. William later submitted at Lincoln in November.
This sequence of events illustrates the escalating tensions between Scotland and England.
What happened during the Northern Conspiracy of 1209?
Likely backed by Philip II, William gave asylum to exiled English bishops during the interdict.
This act was a political maneuver to undermine John’s rule.
How did John respond to the 1209 Scottish threat?
He marched north to Norham, demanded three castles, and William submitted, giving two daughters as hostages and agreeing to pay £15,000.
This demonstrates John’s aggressive approach to consolidating power.
What did John’s treatment of William the Lion in 1209 demonstrate?
It showcased intimidation tactics and made William an example to deter future rebellion.
John’s strategy was aimed at reinforcing his dominance over Scotland.
Who controlled major Irish lordships under John?
- Lacy brothers: Meath and Ulster
- William Marshal: Leinster
- William de Briouze: Limerick
These lords played significant roles in the governance and military affairs of Ireland.
What role did Henry FitzMeiler play in Irish affairs?
As John’s Justiciar, he was ordered to attack Marshal and de Briouze, but was defeated by a coalition of Marshal and the Lacys.
His defeat highlighted the challenges John faced in maintaining control over Ireland.
What prompted John’s 1210 campaign in Ireland?
The Lacys were sheltering de Briouze, who had fallen out with John. John launched a personal expedition.
This campaign was a direct response to perceived threats to John’s authority.
What occurred during John’s 1210 march through Ireland?
He marched through Leinster to Dublin, capturing Carlingford Castle. The Lacys fled to Scotland, de Briouze fled to France, but his wife and children were captured and starved to death.
This campaign was marked by significant military actions and personal tragedies.
What symbolic act of royal authority did John carry out in Ireland?
He began construction of Dublin Castle (finished in 1215), representing Angevin dominance.
The castle served as a symbol of royal power and control over Ireland.
What was the overall outcome of John’s Irish campaigns?
He successfully suppressed overmighty barons and reasserted direct royal control over Ireland.
This outcome solidified John’s influence in the region.
Who were the key marcher lords in Wales under John?
- William Marshal
- William de Briouze
These lords were pivotal in the defense and administration of the Welsh borders.
What was John’s early relationship with Llywelyn ap Iorwerth?
Llywelyn submitted to John and supported him in Scotland in 1209.
This alliance was beneficial for both parties in the face of external threats.
What happened when John demanded Dyganwy from Llywelyn in 1211?
Llywelyn refused, prompting John to march on him — but the campaign failed.
This refusal initiated a conflict that highlighted the fragile nature of their relationship.
What happened during John’s 1212 campaign towards Wales?
John redirected an expedition from Poitou to Wales after Welsh barons attacked royal castles near the marcher border.
This tactical shift indicates the importance of maintaining control over the Welsh territories.
How did John prepare logistically for his Welsh campaign in 1212?
He brought 2,230 ditchers/carpenters and 6,100 labourers to build castles as he marched, leaving garrisons to enforce royal control.
This preparation reflects John’s strategic approach to military campaigns.
Why did John abandon the 1212 Welsh campaign?
He heard of a conspiracy to kill him; Robert FitzWalter and Eustace de Vesci fled England, confirming John’s suspicions.
This event underscored the political instability surrounding John’s rule.
