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joining methods Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of joining methods

A

permanent and semi-permanent

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2
Q

difference between permanent and semi-permanent joining methods

A

permanent joining method can’t be undone without damaging the material but semi-permanent can be undone without damaging the material

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3
Q

what are the 4 joining methods for wood that we need for GCSE

A

butt joints
mitre joints
dowel joints
housing joint

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4
Q

what adhesive do we use to join wood

A

PVA glue

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5
Q

what are the 4 joining methods for metals

A

soldering
brazing
welding
rivets

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6
Q

what is a butt joint

A

joined end on
the glue is the only hold
weakest joint

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7
Q

what is a dowel joint

A

wooden rod added to joint
use pillar drill to make matching holes
add dowel and glue joint
dowels would stop the pieces from sliding off one another and twisting
increasing tortional strength

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8
Q

what is a mitre joint

A

cut at 45 degrees angle
that increases the surface area you are gluing stronger joint than butt
only for corners

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9
Q

what is a housing joint

A

rebate/groove cut into one piece that the other piece rests into
mainly use in shelving
mechanical hold in shelving
mechanical hold as well as the glue so it can support more weight
has to be in the middle, not used on corner

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10
Q

what is a wood screws

A

these give a strong fixing between wood as the threads pull the pieces of wood against each other. pilot and clearance holes are often needed.

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11
Q

what is a countersunk screw

A

flat head

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12
Q

what is a round head screw

A

round head above surface

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13
Q

what is a nail

A

nails are the quickest way to join pieces of wood. they can be used without glue and are hammered into wood. nails are quicker to use than screws but the joins in not as strong.

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14
Q

what are the 3 different types of nails

A

panel nail
oval nail
wine nail

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15
Q

what are bolts

A

they are square or hexagonal head and are tightened with a spanner. they are usually made from brass, steel or stainless steel, and are self finished or plated

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16
Q

what is a washer

A

are usually under the nut o spread pressure and protest materials

17
Q

steps for placing in a flat head screw

A

1 drill the pilot hole
2 use countersink to create a slope
3 tighten with drill or screwdriver

18
Q

what is a permanent joining method

A

permanent: a joint which cannot be reversed without causing damage to the material (the joint is intended to stay put for the life cycle of the product).

19
Q

what is a non-permanent joining methods

A

semi-permanent: a joint which can be reversed without causing damage to the material (the joint can be disassembled perhaps for repair, maintenance or transportation purposes).

20
Q

what are the different between soldering brazing and welding

A

Soft soldering, brazing and welding are permanent methods of joining metal parts using intense heat. In simple terms, soldering and brazing cannot melt the metal parts together but the joint can be heated and filled with a ‘filler metal’ ensuring a strong and permanent bond.

Welding is a much higher temperature method of joining metals than soldering and brazing which actually melts (fuses) the metal parts together. Welded joints are also permanent and the strongest way of joining metals

21
Q

what is soft soldering

A

Soft Soldering

Soft soldering is the process of permanently joining metal parts which are generally small or which may become damaged using very high temperature joining methods. Soft soldering uses a filler metal (solder) which melts at temperatures below 450°C, this is commonly done in two ways:

  1. Using a soldering iron (to join electronic components).
  2. Using a gas or electric torch (to join metals objects e.g. jewellery, copper pipes etc.).

Applying high levels of heat to metal will cause a vapour oxide to form on the surface and prevent the solder from adhering to it. A type of paste known as flux should be applied to the joint beforehand to prevent oxidisation and help ensure that the solder adheres to the metal.

22
Q

how do you soldering electrical components

A

Soldering electronic components

Soldering is widely used for joining electronics components and wires as shown in Figure 1. A soldering iron is required rather than a naked flame from a gas torch as this would obviously burn the components and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Flux is not normally necessary as most manufacturers produce solder with flux contained inside. Components which could be easily damaged by heat should be protected with a heat sink, for example, by attaching a crocodile clip or using long nosed pliers to draw the heat away from the component (but not the joint).

23
Q

what are the 5 step process for soldering an electrical component

A

Soldering process:

  1. Ensure copper tracks/pads on the PCB are free from grease and fingerprints.
  2. Insert electronic components / wires into the PCB.
  3. Heat the joint evenly with the tip of the soldering iron.
  4. Apply solder to the joint.
  5. Remove soldering iron and solder and allow the joint to cool.
24
Q

how do you solder metal objects

A

Soldering metal objects

Soft soldering is an excellent joining method for joining metal objects which are not subject to mechanical stress. It is widely used by jewellery makers and plumbers. The bond is achieved by using a gas torch to melt the filler metal (solder) which flows into the joint as shown in Figure 2. Using flux is vital.

25
Q

what is the step by step process for soldering metal objects

A
  1. Clean the joint ensuring it is free from grease and fingerprints (use wire wool if necessary).
  2. Secure metal parts closely together with minimal gaps.
  3. Apply flux to the joint (to prevent oxidisation).
  4. Heat the joint evenly and apply solder.
  5. Allow to cool.
26
Q

what is brazing

A

Brazing uses a filler metal which melts at temperatures above 450°C. It is a similar process to soft soldering but is much stronger because a brass alloy is used as the filler as shown in Figure 3. Although brazing it is not as strong as welding, it is much more precise and dissimilar metals can be joined.

27
Q

what is welding

A

Welding uses extremely high heat to join metal by fusing (melting) the parts together. Welding is the strongest joining method and is usually associated with gas and high current electric (arc welding). however, laser, friction or ultrasonic energy can also be used to join plastics and other dissimilar materials. The following industrial methods are widely used for joining metal and can be used in school workshops.

28
Q

what is oxy-acetylene

A

This type of welding makes use of acetylene gas and oxygen to create a flame of around 3000°C which melts metal parts together (a filler metal can be added). Oxy-acetylene is used less frequently than arc welding (see MIG and TIG below) but does have the advantage of being portable since an electric power source is not required as illustrated in Figure 4.

29
Q

what is MIG and TIG welding

A

MIG and TIG welding make use of an electric arc and gas to join metal as illustrated in Figure 5. MIG (Metal Inert Gas) and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) fuse metal parts together at temperatures of up to 20000°C. In TIG welding a filler metal (rod) can be used as an option but in MIG welding it is fed into the joint semi-automatically (through a spool). MIG and TIG welding are by far the strongest joining methods for joining metal and can even be fully automated using robot technology.

30
Q

what is knock-down fitting

A

Knock-down fittings are a type of mechanical joining method used to assemble products such as flat pack furniture, kitchen units, beds etc.

There are many different types of knock-down fitting but they generally use some type of screw fixing, dowel, bracket or block to pull the joint together.

31
Q

what are the 4 Typical Knock-down fittings

A

Typical Knock-down fittings include:

cabinet screws
cam lock fittings
cross dowels
shelf supports

32
Q

Advantages of Knock-down fittings

A

Knock-down fittings can be used by anyone who has access to screw-drivers or Allen keys. There is no need for the ‘assembler’ to mark out, cut or drill. A cam lock fitting cleverly pulls the man made panels together giving a precise finish. The cam lock is hidden so as not to impact on the aesthetic look of the product.

Knock down fittings provide companies with the option for flat-pack assembly which makes large products easy to store and transport thereby saving money. Knock-down fittings can also be cost effective as a joining method as they do not require expensive equipment or skilled labour. Another perceived advantage of knock down fittings is that the product can disassembled again if required.

33
Q

what is threading

A

Threading in metal involves cutting precise helical grooves to create screw-like structures or connections.

34
Q

what is tapering

A

Tapering in metal refers to gradually reducing the diameter or thickness of a metal component towards one end, often to facilitate fitting or assembly.

TD (9 decks)

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