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Flashcards in Joint infection Deck (13)
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1
Q

Causes of septic arthritis

A
  • penetrating wound
  • soft tissue infection
  • sx
  • hematogenous (more in foals)
2
Q

Why are foals more susceptible to septic arthritis?

A
  • blood supply at capillaries at epiphysis is slow
3
Q

Signs of joint infection

A
  • joint distention
  • lameness
  • per-articular edema
  • cellulitis
4
Q

Dx methods

A
  • US
  • analyse synovial fluid
  • culture joint fluid
  • distend joint with fluid to look for leaks
  • nuclear scintigraphy
  • MRI
  • CT
5
Q

Joint fluid changes in infection

If fungal?

A
  • wBC > 30,000 cells/uL
  • TP > 2.5
  • neutrophil >90% of cells
  • if fungal: high protein, lower WBC, +/- fluid red
6
Q

Drugs and proceedures that incr cell count in joint fluid

A
  • arthrocetensis
  • balanced electrolyte solution
  • local anesthetic
  • gentamicin
  • DMSO
7
Q

Initial tx (before referal)

A
  • is emergency so do ASAP
  • analgesia
  • systemic abx –> initially broad spectrum (B-lactam + aminoglycoside)
  • local abx
  • joint lavage
  • NSAID
  • +/- drain
8
Q

2 joint lavage options and when to use them

A
  • needle lavage: acute cases, multiple joints

- arthroscopy: FB, foreign material

9
Q

2 ways to admin local abx

A
  • intra-articular

- regional limb perfusion

10
Q

when to recheck joint

A

2d post proceedure

11
Q

Prognosis

A
  • adults: good for survival, 50% for athleticism

- foals: 60%, worse if 2+ joints affected

12
Q

Septic physitis

  • gross signs
  • xray signs
  • tx
A
  • joint swelling
  • incr lucency by physis
  • sx debride
  • if cannot reach, systemic and regional abx
13
Q

Osteomyelitis tx and prognosis

A
  • lavage and curette
  • aggressive abx
  • reduces existing issue by 50%