Ophtho Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
Name 3 things about fundis of horse
A
- Arteries small
- Optic disc round
- Stars of Winslow
2
Q
What are stars of Winslow
A
End on capillaries in tapetum
3
Q
Which 2 nerves can be blocked in ocular exam and what are their landmarks?
A
- auriculopalpebral: along zygomatic arch
2. Frontal block: put fingers on either side of orbital ring
4
Q
What is special about neonate foal’s eyes?
A
- pupil is round at 3-5do
- absent menance until 2wko
- reduced PLR
- strabismus in <4wko
5
Q
Microphthalmia
A
- congenital
- mod-mild = blind
- check for other abn
- entropion –> correct
- enucleate if blind
6
Q
Subconjuncitval hemorrhage tx
- who
A
- neonate
- often on superior nasal bulbar conj
- selft resolve (~14d)
7
Q
Entropion
- when occur?
- sequalae?
- tx?
A
- often premature, sick, dehydrated foals
- seq = corneal ulcers
- tx: temp tacking sutures
8
Q
Atresia of nasolacrimal system
- who
- dx?
- tx?
A
- neonate
- contrast imagine (CT, MRI)
- sx correction w/ catheter
9
Q
Persistant pupillary membranes
- who
- what?
- where?
- seq
A
- neonate
- embryological iris tissue that didn’t dissolve
- iris-iris
- iris-cornea: leukoma or corneal scar
- iris-lens: anterior capsular cataract
10
Q
Cataracts (neonates)
- 3 places and their progression?
- tx?
A
- nuclear: static
- capsular: static
- cortical: can grow
- pre-tx: ERG, ocular US
- sx to fix
11
Q
Most common anomaly in neonate/foals
A
Cataracts
12
Q
Retinal hemorrhages (neonates)
- fundic exam appearance?
- tx?
A
- mf punctate in tapetum
- resolve in 7d on own
13
Q
Remnant of hyaloid artery
- who?
- tx?
A
- TB foals <2do
- none
14
Q
Minor eye-lid laceration tx
A
- sedate, local block
- suture conjunctiva, good apposiiton
- systemic NSAID, abx
15
Q
Severe eyelid laceration
A
blepharoplasty
16
Q
One test to do if eyelid laceration
A
Fluorescein stain
17
Q
Conjunctivitis
- cause
- sign
- dx
- tx
A
- secondary to something (infection, FB, ulver, glaucoma, uveitis)
- hyperemia, chemosis (edema of conj)
- cyto, culture
- tx underlying cause
18
Q
Corneal laceration prognosis worse if….
A
laceraction >15mm
19
Q
Corneal laceration
- signs
- dx
- sequelae
- tx (sx and med)
A
- pain, corneal edema
- PLR, Seidel’s test
- fibrin clot, prolasped iris, miosis
- enucleation, graft, systemic flunixin, sys abx
20
Q
What is Seidel’s test
A
checks for leaking of aq humor
21
Q
Superficial vs deep corneal FB tx
A
Superficial
- take out en bloc
- tx as simple corneal ulcer
- recheck until fluro neg
- prog good
Deep
- refer
- tx as complicated ulcer
- prog guarded
22
Q
Simple corneal ulcer
- what
- tx
- recheck times
- healing time
A
- superficial ulcer, uninfected
- tobramycine QID, systemic atropine, NSAID
- recheck Q5d
- heals in 10-12d
23
Q
Complex ulcers
- what
- can include?
- dx
- tx
- sx
A
- deep, infected, uveitis present
- descemetocele, melting
- cyto and culture (incl fungi)
- sub-palp lavage (abc, afx, atropine, serum, povidione-iodine), abx, antifungal, serum (melting), atrpine, systemic NSAID
- keratectomy and conjunctival graft
24
Q
Corneal stromal abscess
- epi layer?
- fluorescein stain?
- appearance
- causes
- can cause?
- tx
A
- epi in tact
- no uptake
- white-yellow opaque
- bac, fungi
- uveitis
- abx, afx, systemic NSAID
- +/- debridment
25
What type of abx for eye?
antibactericidal
26
Keratitis
- what
- types and appearance
- inflamm of cornea
- herpesvirus: punctate, grey circular central lesion, tearing, painful
- esosino: white plaques, granulation tissue by limbus
- immune-mediated: corneal neovasc.
27
Glaucoma
- what
- cause
- signs
- dx
- tx
- high IOP
- secondary to uveitis
- corneal edema, red eye, buphthalmia
- tonometry
- tx uveitis, anti-glaucoma (CAI, mannitol, beta-blocker, etc.), +/- laser cyclophotocoagulation
28
Uveitis
- what and progression
- causes
- signs
- inflammation of uvea --> damage uvea tract --> inflamm med --> decr blood-ocular barrier
- IDIOPATHIC infection (lepto, brucella, influ virus, herpes, fungal), immune-med, neoplasia, trauma
- conj. hyperemia, corneal edema, keratitic percipitate, aq flare/fibrin/hypopyon/hyphema, miosis, rubeosis iridis, deep corneal neovasc., vitreal haze
29
Uveitis vs ERU
- cause
- signs/syndromes
- tx duration
```
Cause:
- uveitis: trauma, corneal ulcer
- ERU: immune med, lepto
Signs/syndrome:
- uveitis: miosis, low IOP, etc.
- ERU 3 syndromes: classic (typical uveitis), insidious (slow prog), prosterior (vitritis, retinitis)
Therapy:
- uveitis: 2-6wk
- ERU: months
```
30
Signs of chronic uveitis
buphthalmos or phthisis bulbi, Haab's stria, corneal edema, posterior synechiae, cataract, vitreal degen, retinal detach, chorioretinal scars
31
equine recurrent uveitis
- what
- progression and signs
- 2+ epi of uveitis with silence in middle
- initial/acute: anterior/posterior/panuveitis
- insidious: slow dev
- chronic: end stage signs (see chronic uveitis??)
32
corioretinla lesions
- cause
- eg
- posterior uveitis
- butterfly lesion (loss of pig around optic n.)
- bullet hole = mf white depig
33
dx of uveitis/ERU
- eye exam
- PE
- BW
- serology or PCR for infectious (e.g. lepto)
- conjunctival biopsy
34
Uveitis/ERU tx
| - incl sx
- tx underlying cuse
- anti-inflammatory (steroid vs NSAID, topical vs systemic vs subconj inj)
- don't wean off too quickly
- sx: cyclosporin implant, vitrectomy (replace vitreous), vitreal inject with abcx
35
Uveitis prevention
- genetic breeding in Appaloosa (leopard complex
36
Cataracts (adult)
- cause
- tx
- tx complications
- congenital, acquired, heritable
- sx
- glaucoma, retinal detachment
37
Congenital stationary night blindness
- who
- signs
- dx
- tx
- Appaloosa
- genetic link
- normal ocular exam
- ERG
- no tx
38
Optic neuritis
- cause
- dx
- signs
- tx
- ERU, trauma
- edematous hyperemic optic disc
- dx like uveitis...
- tx: systemic NSAID, tx underlying cause
39
Sudden blindness from head trauma
- what happens?
- signs
- dx
- tx
- prognosis
- optic n. avulses
- fixed dilated pupil, no menace, blind, hyphema, IO hemmorrhage
- hx, US
- systemic NSAD
- grade for vision
40
Most common neoplasia
Sarcoids, SSC
41
Sarcoid
- cause
- appearance
- dx
- tx
- viral
- histo
- sx +/- cryo, radiation, cysplatin
- high reoccurance rate
42
SSC
- cause
- appearance
- where
- dx
- tx
- UV
- erosive or nodular
- eyelid, limbus
- histo
- sx +/- cryo, laser, chemo
- high reocurrence
