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KINESIOLOGY > JOINT MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION > Flashcards

JOINT MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

o study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

A

 Structural Kinesiology

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2
Q

Bones are composed of?

A

 Composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and water

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3
Q

What provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

A

Collagen provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

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4
Q

T or F
Aging causes progressive loss of collagen and increases brittleness

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Fixed Connective Tissue Cell Types (7)

A

Fibroblast - tendon, ligaments, skin
Chondroblast - cartilage
Osteoblast - bone formation
Osteoclast
Mast Cells
Adipose Cells
Mesenchyme Cells

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6
Q
  • including elevations and projections
A

Processes

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7
Q

including opening and grooves

A

Cavities or Depressions

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8
Q

A junction between two or more bones to permit
movement

A

Joint

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9
Q

T or F
Arthrology - study of bones

A

False
Arthrology - study of joints

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10
Q

connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones

A

Articulation

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11
Q

T or F
Synarthroses - movable

A

FALSE
Synarthroses - immovable

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12
Q

T or F
Amphiarthroses - slightly movable

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Diarthroses - freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses - freely movable joints

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14
Q

composed of intervening fibrous tissue with no joint cavity, immovable joints

A

Fibrous

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15
Q

articulating bones are united by
cartilage, hyaline or fibrocartilage, with no joint cavity

A

Cartilaginous

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16
Q

articulating bones are separated by a
fluid-filled joint cavity, freely movable

A

Synovial

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17
Q

● Immovable joints which permits the stability of bones
● Suture such as skull sutures (Fontanel on babies)
● Gomphosis such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla

A

Synarthrosis

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18
Q

● Slightly movable joints
● Allow a slight amount of motion to occur

A

Amphiarthrodial

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19
Q

Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones

A

Symphysis

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20
Q

Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones

A

Synchondrosis

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21
Q

Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseous membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones. Bones may or
may not touch each other at the actual joint

A

Syndesmosis

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22
Q

T or F
○ Stratum Fibrosum - thicker
○ Stratum Synovium - produces synovial fluid

A

TRUE

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23
Q

inflammation of joint due to a problem in the serum of the blood

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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24
Q

decrease of fluid and joint space, friction of
joints

A

Osteoarthritis

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25
○ A ligamentous part of the joint capsule that determines the range of motion ○ Fibrous layer of capsule - considered to be poorly vascularized but well innervated (nerve supply)
Fibrous Capsule
26
T or F Fibrous Capsule are well innervated
TRUE
27
○ Responsible for the secretion for the synovial fluid ○ Synovial fluid is important for the lubrication of the bones ○ Both well vascularized and well innervated
Synovial Membrane
28
Components of Synovial FLuid
Fluid - composed of hyaluronate for the hydration, and lubricin for lubrication
29
Bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints
Ligaments
30
For the reduction or reducing of the wear and tear in between the bones
Articular Cartilage
31
Associated with the freedom of movement by reducing friction but increasing absorption
Articular Cartilage
32
Thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage
Articular Disc or Meniscus
33
Fluid sacs that reduce the friction
Bursae
34
Adds cushion to our bones
Fat Pads or Haversian Glands
35
Six Types of Diarthrodial Joint
○ Arthrodial / Gliding / Plane ○ Ginglymus / Hinge ○ Trochoid / Pivot ○ Condyloid ○ Sellar / Saddle ○ Enarthrodial / Ball and Socket
36
2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other. Little motion possible in any 1 joint articular.
Arthrodial or Planar Joints
37
T or F Arthrodial or Planar Joints Don't work together in series of articulations
FALSE Usually work together in series of articulations
38
A uniaxial articulation articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane. Looks like a hinge in the door - can be open or close
Ginglymus or Hinge Joints
39
A uniaxial articulation/ Rounded end of one bone fits into the concavity of another bone. The meeting point of the radius and ulna - pronation and supination
Trochoid or Pivot Joints
40
Biaxial ball and socket joint one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface
Condyloid
41
Unique biaxial joint with 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces
Sellar or Saddle Joint
42
Multiaxial or triaxial ball and socket joint. Bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface
Enarthrodial - Ball and Socket
43
Hinge within the sagittal plane, and Pivot within transverse plane
Uniaxial
44
Condylar and Saddle for both frontal and sagittal plane
Biaxial
45
Plane, Ball and Socket
Multiaxial
46
Area through which joint may normally be freely and painlessly moved
Range of Motion
47
● Measurable degree of movement potential in a joint or joints
Range of Motion
48
Measured with a goniometer in 0 degrees to 360 degrees
Range of Motion
49
Composed of a regular collagenous connective tissue, strongest tissue in the body
Tendons
50
Transmit through actively, active muscle Contraction, and passively, muscle stretched by an external force ○ 1st line of defense for joint stability ○ If the load is greater than the force, the muscle can be injured
Tendons
51
functions OF TENDONS
Functions is to connect a muscle to a bone and transmit movement
52
- the tendon is used to describe a narrow band or chord like connection, aponeurosis is a broad band
Aponeurosis
53
A closed sac of synovial fluid interposed between a tendon and other structures such as an osseofibrous tunnel or retinaculum
Synovial Sheaths
54
What protects tendons from wear and tear
Synovial Sheaths
55
○ Regular collagenous tissue ○ Typically enclose the entire joint
Joint Capsules
56
○ Crisscrossed arrangement can strongly resist any stretch in different directions ○ Passive, it must be stretched by an external force to determine the end point of the range of motion
Joint Capsules
57
Regular collagenous tissue whose fibers are aligned in a direction of imposed stress that commonly occurs at the joint
Ligaments
58
T or F Ligaments are active
FALSE IT is passive
59
T or F Ligaments are the 2nd line of defense
TRUE
60
Found in all types of synovial joint in addition of the joint capsule
Ligaments
61
Determines the end range of motion
Ligaments
62
Category of ligament: as a distinct thickening in part of the joint capsule that provides additional strength in one direction
Capsular Ligaments
63
- as distinct bands that are separate from the joint capsule or only partially attached to it
Non Capsular Ligament
64
Is a broad single layered sheet or regular collagenous connective tissue
Retinaculum
65
Serve the primary function of maintaining proper position of tendons
Retinaculum
66
○ A disc fibrocartilage that lies between the two bones forming the articulation ○ Their function is to improve congruence in the joint ○ Improves shock absorption
Articular Disc
67
A closed sac of synovial fluid that is interposed between structures usually bone and some other soft tissue that move relative to each other
Bursae
68
inflammation of bursae
Bursitis
69
○ Composed of fibrocartilage ○ Deepens the socket of our joints to provide more stability - another cushion ○ Increases or permits greater range of motion
Labrum
70
Properties of Skeletal Muscle
Excitability or Irritability Conductivity Contractility Extensibility Elasticity
71
to stretch and go back to its original form
Elasticity
72
the ability to extend or stretch without being damaged
Extensibility
73
the ability to shorten in response to a stimulus
Contractility
74
propagation of the action potential
Conductivity
75
- responding to a stimulus with the presence of Acetylcholine
Excitability or Irritability
76
Coverings of the muscle
Coverings 1. Epimysium 2. Perimysium 3. Endomysium
77
Axon of motor and sensory neurons
Nervous Tissue
78
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
79
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Myoglobin Content: High Speed of Contraction: Slow
Type I Slow Oxidative
80
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Type IIA
81
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Diameter Intermediate Muscle Color Red Rate of Fatigue Intermediate
Type IIA
82
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Slow Oxidative
Type I
83
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Diameter Small Muscle Color Red
Type I
84
T or F Connective tissue can produce force when stretched because of its elastic nature and its stiffness
TRUE
85
T or F Muscle tissue generates force through shortening as described by the sliding filament theory
TRUE
86
Capillarity of TYPE I, Type IIA, & Type IIB
Capillarity Type I: Dense, Type IIA: Dense, Type IIB: Sparse
87
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Muscle Color: White Rate of Fatigue: Fast
Type IIB Fast Glycolytic
88
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Speed of Contraction: Fast Fast
Type IIA Fast Oxidative Glycolytic Type IIB Fast Glycolytic
89
Provoke reflex contraction in stretched muscle and inhibit tension in antagonists
Muscle Spindles
90
○ Inhibit tension in stretched muscle and initiate tension development in antagonists
Golgi Tendon Organs
91
Defined as the limited ability of a multiarticular muscle to produce force when placed in a shortened position across all of its joints simultaneously ○ “Shortened position - less force”
Active Insufficiency
92
Limited ability of a multiarticular muscle to stretch far enough to allow full ROM across all of its joints simultaneously ○ “Full ROM - less stretch”
Passive Insufficiency
93
Role of Muscles
● Agonist or Prime Movers ● Antagonist ● Fixators ● Synergists

KINESIOLOGY (11 decks)

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