Shoulder Complex Flashcards by Lili Popp

Bones of the Shoulder Complex

Sternum
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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Movements of the Shoulder Complex

Elevation and Depression
Protraction and Retraction
Rotation

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Shoulder Joints which are true and which are false?

TRUE
Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular

FALSE
Scapulothoracic

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The clavicle is:
- ___2⁄3 (sternal): convex anteriorly
- ___1⁄3 (acromial): concave anteriorly

Medial 2⁄3 (sternal): convex anteriorly
Lateral 1⁄3 (acromial): concave anteriorly

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This connects the upper extremities to the axial skeleton (skull, sternum, spinal column, and ribs) at the ____ joint

Clavicle
at the sternoclavicular joint

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This bone increases the glenohumeral (GH) mobility during
climbing or reaching (abduction)

Clavicle

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This is the first and last bone to ossify in the entire body

Clavicle

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T or F
The Medial surface of the clavicle is smooth, while the Lateral surface of the clavicle has some

FALSE
The superior surface of the clavicle is smooth, while the
inferior surface of the clavicle has some

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The sternal end is attached to the _____ which is a
round end, while the acromial end is attached to the
____ of the scapula which is a flat end

The sternal end is attached to the sternum which is a
round end, while the acromial end is attached to the
acromion of the scapula which is a flat end

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A condition due to the congenital absence of the clavicle
Due to the lack of muscle/ligament attachments, the strength is decreased by 50% in shoulder flexors, abductors, and adductors

CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS

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There are 3 borders and 3 angles of the scapula identify each

3 borders:
SUPERIOR BORDER,
MEDIAL/VERTEBRAL BORDER,
LATERAL/AXILLARY BORDER

3 angles:
- SUPERIOR ANGLE,
- INFERIOR ANGLE,
- LATERAL ANGLE

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T or F
The Lateral angle is important for palpation as it’s a reference point when the scapula (upward/downward) rotates

FALSE
The inferior angle is important for palpation as it’s a
reference point when the scapula
(upward/downward) rotates

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Which one is incorrect:
s. The superior angle is aligned with the T2
b. The spine of the scapula is aligned with T4
c. The inferior angle is aligned with T7

b. The spine of the scapula is aligned with T4

correct: The spine of the scapula is aligned with T3

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The glenoid fossa should be facing anteriorly, at about what percent?

35%

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T or F
The vertebral/medial border of the scapula should be 2-3 inches away from the vertebral column (spinous processes)

TRUE

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Functions of scapula

Provides a place for muscles controlling the GH joint to venture from
- Provides a stable base from which the GH joint can function

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Muscles attached to the scapula

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus
Subscapularis (attached to anterior scapula)
Teres minor and major (attached to the lateral border)
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor and major
(posterior) deltoids
Upper trapezius (attached to clavicle)
Supra & infraglenoid tubercle

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This is the most lateral aspect of the scapula

GLENOID FOSSA/CAVITY

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What is the convex and concave of the GH joint

Concave: Scapula - Glenoid Fossa
Convex: Humerus - Humeral head

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It’s a shallow socket with two (2) tubercles: supraglenoid
and infraglenoid tubercles

GLENOID FOSSA/CAVITY

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Orientation of the glenoid fossa

Superior, Anterior, Lateral

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T or F
The congruency of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa is not at its best due to the cavity not being fully depressed for the head

TRUE

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This checks the point of orientation of the glenoid fossa as it faces the five (5) degrees anterior to the frontal plane
It’s rotated on its transverse axis, approximately _____ so the glenoid fossa is tilted anteriorly to the frontal plane
This position directs the glenoid anteriorly with respect to the body

SCAPULAR PLANE

30°-45°

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It doesn’t occur along the sagittal nor frontal plane it’s in between,

SCAPULAR PLANE

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This is a test to check/see the alignment of the scapula

LENNIE TEST

Orientation of the humerus

- Orientation: medial, posterior, superior

This is the longest and largest bone in the UE

Humerus

In the humerus: The anatomical neck is ____to the head while the surgical neck is ____to the head

The anatomical neck is proximal to the head while the surgical neck is distal to the head

The ____ separates the head and greater tubercle

The anatomical neck separates the head and greater tubercle

This is the space in between the greater and lesser tubercle

bicipital/intertubercular groove/sulcus

What maintains the long head of the biceps brachii in the Bicipital groove?

This is maintained by the transverse humeral ligament which covers the tendon horizontally, and when broken, it’s painful since the long head of the biceps brachii will slide

These are the lines or “lips” of the bicipital groove inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles

Bicipital ridges

T or F Radial tuberosity Located at the lateral shaft

FALSE Deltoid tuberosity - Located at the lateral shaft

- Located near the deltoid tuberosity; usually superior - This is where the ___ nerve passes through

Radial groove - Radial nerve

T or F The greater tubercle is more palpable than the lesser tubercle

TRUE

What movement/ position: The greater tubercle is not palpable here as it will be covered by the deltoid muscle

INTERNAL ROTATION

In what position is the greater tubercle of the humerus be palpated slightly posterior and just inferior to the acromion process

EXTERNAL ROTATION

Which statement is incorrect? A. The orientation of the Humerus deviates ~20° posterior to the frontal plane B. The orientation of the Clavicle (scapular plane) deviates ~35° anterior to the frontal plane

BOTH' A. The orientation of the clavicle deviates ~20° posterior to the frontal plane B. The orientation of the scapula (scapular plane) deviates ~35° anterior to the frontal plane

The humeral head faces ___° posteriorly from the frontal plane

The humeral head faces 30° posteriorly from the frontal plane

- Formed by the midline of the shaft and the midline of the humeral head - This allows the head to be aligned with the scapular plane which is to be properly aligned with the shaft

ANGLE OF INCLINATION:

What degree is the angle of inclination

135 degrees

T or F The size of the humeral head in comparison to the glenoid fossa of the scapula is not congruent

TRUE

Why is it common for the shoulder to be dislocated?

The size of the humeral head (bigger) in comparison to the glenoid fossa (small surface) of the scapula is not congruent

This is composed of mainly the humerus (head) and scapula (glenoid fossa)

SHOULDER (GLENOHUMERAL) JOINT

What are the movements of the GH joint

Movements: flexion/extension/hyperextension, abduction/adduction, horizontal abduction/adduction, rotation

Composition of the shoulder girdle

Composed of the scapula, clavicle, and sternum

Movements of the scapula

elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation

What are the bones of the: STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT

STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT: (Sternum + Clavicle) GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT: (Scapula + Humerus) ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT (Scapula + Clavicle)

The sternoclavicular Joint is a connection between what specific landmarks?

The clavicular facet of the manubrium of the sternum + The sternal end of the clavicle

- The only joint that connects the upper extremities (UE) to the trunk

STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT

What type of joints are: STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT

STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT: Synovial Double joint GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT: Ball and socket ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT:

Movements of the SC joint

Has 3 DOF - Elevation/depression - Protraction/retraction - Posterior/anterior rotation

Ligament oF the SC joint

STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) LIGAMENT INTERCLAVICULAR (IC) LIGAMENT COSTOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENT

Ligament that: Connects the clavicle and the rib - This limits shoulder elevation - This will be lax in shoulder depression

COSTOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENT

Ligament that: Interconnection of the two clavicles - Covers the area of the jugular/sternal notch - This limits shoulder depression (since it will be taut) - When the clavicles are shoulder elevated, the IC ligament is lax and is loose; like a swing

INTERCLAVICULAR (IC) LIGAMENT

Ligament that: - Connection of the clavicle to the sternum - Has 2 fibers/bundles: anterior and posterior

STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) LIGAMENT

OSTEOKINEMATICS OF THE SC JOINT

ELEVATION/DEPRESSION PROTRACTION/RETRACTION ● AXIAL ROTATION

During the elevation/depression of the SC joint, What end is fixed and what end moves?

The sternal end is fixed while the acromial end is the one that moves

During the Elevation and depression of the Sc joint, What is the angle and movement of the bone

ELEVATION: 30-45° - Upward, backward - DEPRESSION: 5-10° - Downward, forward

During protraction/ Retraction, What end is fixed and what end is moving?

The acromial end is the one that moves as well

During Protraction/Retraction of the SC joint, What is the angle and movement of the scapula bone

PROTRACTION: 15-20° - anterolaterally RETRACTION: 30° - Posteriomedially

Shoulder Complex Flashcards

(62 cards)