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Anatomy and Physiology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

joints

A

weakest part of skeleton

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2
Q

articulation

A

site where two or more bones meet

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3
Q

functions of joints

A

give skeleton mobility
holds skeleton together

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4
Q

2 types of classifications of joints

A

functional and structural

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5
Q

3 types of functional joints

A

synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diathroses

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6
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable
sutures in skull

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7
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable
spine

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8
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable
limb joints

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9
Q

3 types of structural joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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10
Q

fibrous joints

A

joined by collagen fibers

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11
Q

3 types of structural fibrous joints

A

suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis

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12
Q

sutures

A

structural fibrous joint
wavy articulation between bones
short connective tissue fibers along periosteum

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13
Q

syndesmoses

A

structural fibrous joint
bones connected by ligaments

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14
Q

gomphoses

A

structural fibrous joint
peg-in socket joint
tooth held by ligament

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15
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

joined by cartilage

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16
Q

2 types of structural cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses
symphyses

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17
Q

synchondroses

A

structural cartilaginous joint
united by bar or plate of hyaline cartilage
often immovable

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18
Q

symphyses

A

structural cartilaginous joint
fibrocartilage joins bones
amphiarthrotic

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19
Q

synovial joints

A

fluid containing cavity formed between bones
diarthroses

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20
Q

components of synovial joints

A

articular cartilage
synovial cavity
articular capsule
synovial fluid
reinforcing ligaments
nerves
blood vessels

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21
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin hyaline cartilage covering end of bones
absorbs compression

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22
Q

synovial cavity

A

unique to synovial joints containing fluid

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23
Q

articular capsule

A

encloses joint cavity
inner membrane- loose connective tissue that makes fluid
outer membrane- dense irregular connective tissue with periosteum

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24
Q

synovial fluid

A

filtered from capillaries in synovial membrane
fills spaces within cartilage
egg white consistency
reduces friction, immune function, nutrients

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25
reinforcing ligaments
band like ligaments that can be thickened parts of fibrous layer or separate ligaments
26
nerves and blood vessels
monitor joint position and stretch vessels in membrane not cartilage
27
friction reducing structures
bursae tendon sheath
28
bursae
flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membranes contain film of synovial fluid reduces friction where structure would rub against bone
29
tendon sheath
elongated bursa warps completely around tendon
30
stability structures
articular surfaces ligaments muscle tone
31
articular surfaces
shape determines what movements are possible not all bones have deep surfaces
32
ligaments
unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion more present, more stability only stretch 6% of length before snapping
33
muscle tone
tendons connect muscles across joints tendons kept tight by muscle tone most important for joint stability
34
the longer the ligament fiber...
the greater the degree of movement
35
origin
attachment to the immovable bone
36
insertion
attachment to the movable bone
37
muscle contraction
insertion moves toward origin
38
flexion
movement that decreases angle of joint brings bones closer together
39
extension
movement that increases angle of joint straightens body part
40
hyperextension
continuing movement beyond anatomical position
41
abduction
movement away from midline
42
adduction
movement toward midline
43
circumduction
moving limb around in circle
44
rotation
turning of bone around its own long axis
45
supination
anatomical position
46
pronation
forearm rotates medially
47
inversion
sole of foot turns medially
48
eversion
sole of foot turns laterally
49
dorsiflexion / plantar flexion
up / down movement of foot
50
opposition
good for grasping and manipulating objects
51
protraction
anterior movement over transverse plane
52
retraction
posterior movement over transverse plane
53
elevation
lifting body part superiorly
54
depression
moving elevated body part inferiorly
55
knee joint
largest and most complex synovial joint of body flexion, extension, and some rotation three joints surrounded by single cavity, articular capsule, and lots of bursae
56
knee ligaments and tendons
tendons of quadriceps femoris and semimembranous muscles ligaments prevent hyperextension patellar ligament collateral ligaments
57
anterior cruciate ligament
prevents forward sliding of tibia
58
posterior cruciate ligament
prevent backward displacement of tibia
59
medial and lateral menisci
deepen tibia articular surface prevent side to side rocking of femur shock absorbers
60
ACL injuries
torn ACL- lateral blow to extended knee repair with grafts
61
ball and socket joints
synovial joint in shoulder and hip
62
shoulder joint
ball and socket- humerus in shallow glenoid cavity
63
structures of shoulder joint
thin, loose articular capsule only four ligaments tendon of long head of bicep rotator cuff (4 tendons) encircles shoulder joint and blends with articular capsule
64
as freedom of motion increases...
stability decreases
65
hip joint
ball and socket joint- head of femur and acetabulum of coxal bone
66
acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage ridge that extends depth of acetabulum
67
movement in hip joint
limited by deep socket and strong ligaments and tendons more protected than shoulder
68
3 strong ligaments of hip
iliofemoral pubofemoral ischiofemoral each connected to femur and part of pelvic bone
69
elbow joint
hinge joint- between humerus trochlea and ulna trochlear notch only flexion or extension thin capsule collateral ligaments to prevent side movements
70
temporomandibular joint TMJ
hinge joint- condylar process of mandible articulates with temporal bone loose capsule with lateral ligament shallow joint- most dislocated
71
sprain
ligaments of reinforcing joint are stretched or torn common in ankle, knee, lumbar of spine
72
cartilage injuries
overstressed cartilage can tear or break common in knee with menisci avascular- unable to repair itself
73
dislocations
bones forced out of alignment accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and immobilization serious falls or sports injuries stretches capsule and ligaments
74
bursitis
inflammation of bursa caused by blow or friction pain and swelling anti-inflammatory drugs
75
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon sheath caused by overuse pain and swelling rest, ice, anti-inflammatories
76
arthritis
degenerative disorder with many types pain, stiffness, and swelling
77
acute arthritis
bacteria-caused treated with antibiotics
78
chronic arthritis
osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis gouty arthritis
79
osteoarthritis
most common chronic develop in 80s wear and tear of articular cartilage joint releases enzyme that break down collagen
80
joints most commonly affected by osteoarthritis
cervical and lumbar spine fingers and knuckles knees and hips
81
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammatory autoimmune 30-50 years old women at higher risk flare ups and remissions
82
progression of RA
inflammatory chemicals prompt immune system attack on synovial membrane forms pannus then bones fuse at joints
83
artificial joints
cement replacements to bone designed to fit individual made of cobalt and titanium alloys
84
gouty arthritis
body unable to excrete or breakdown uric acid uric acid deposits in joints and crystallizes - inflammation and immobilizes large toe greatly affected first
85
treatments for gouty arthritis
NSAIDs diet- avoid alcohol and foods with high purine content
86
lyme disease
inflammatory disease caused by bacteria pain in joints skin rash and flu symptoms antibiotics left untreated can affect brain and cardiovascular system

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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