Joints APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 1

A connection between two bones consisting of a cartilage lined cavity filled with fluid.

Question 2

Talk about the cartilage in a synovial joint.

Answer 2

It lines the end of the bone.
It cannot be mended.
It acts as a cushion to prevent bones from hitting each other.
It provides a smooth friction free surface.
Protective covering.

Question 3

Talk about the capsule in a synovial joint.

Answer 3

It is fibrous.
It encloses the joint.
Tough fibrous tissue that surround joints usually supported by ligaments.
It supports and strengthens the joint.

Question 4

Talk about the synovial membrane in a synovial joint.

Answer 4

The soft connective tissue found between the capsule and the joint cavity of synovial joints.
It produces the synovial fluid.
Produces more fluid when we move.

Question 5

Talk about the synovial fluid in a synovial joint.

Answer 5

Gel like structure.
Produced in the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint.
Reduces friction.

Question 6

Talk about the bursa in a synovial joint.

Answer 6

Fluid filled bags.
Prevents the hard structures from hitting the softer structures.
Prevents damage and friction.

Question 7

Talk about the ligaments in a synovial joint.

Answer 7

Stabilise.

Prevents movement in the wrong direction.

Question 8

What does a synovial joint look like?

Answer 8

https://www.pdhpe.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/structure-and-function-of-Synovial-joints.png

Question 9

What muscles help move the shoulder joint?

Answer 9

Deltoid. 
Trapezius. 
Pectorals. 
Latissimus dorsi. 
Biceps. 
Triceps. 
Rotator cuffs.

Question 10

What muscles help move the elbow joint?

Answer 10

Biceps.

Triceps.

Question 11

What muscles help move the hip joint?

Answer 11

Gluteals.

Hip flexors.

Question 12

What muscles help move the knee joint?

Answer 12

Quadricep group.

Hamstring group.

Question 13

What muscles help move the ankle joint?

Answer 13

Tibialis anterior.

Gastrocnemius.

Question 14

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 14

Formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.

Eg elbow and knees joint
Eg in hurdles or weightlifting

Question 15

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

Made up of a round end of one bone that fits into a small cup area of another bone.

Eg shoulder and hip joint.
Eg bowling in cricket, saving a goal in football and kicking in boxing.

Question 16

What are the eight types of movement at the joints?

Answer 16

Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction
Dorsiflexion 
Plantar Flexion
Rotation 
Circumduction.

Question 17

What is flexion?

Answer 17

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements

Angle at the joint decreases.

Question 18

What is extension?

Answer 18

It increases the angle between articulating elements.

Hyperextension is a continuation of movement past the anatomical position, which can cause injury.

Question 19

What is abduction?

Answer 19

Movement away the centre. Limbs move away from the midpoint of the body.

Question 20

What is adduction?

Answer 20

Limbs move toward the midpoint of the body.

Question 21

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 21

Toes point towards the shin. The movement of the ankle while elevating he sole, as if digging in the heel.

Question 22

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 22

Toes are pointed away from the shin. Extending the ankle and elevating the heel.

P for point toes

Question 23

What is rotation?

Answer 23

Turning the body or limb around the longitudinal axis.

Question 24

What is circumduction?

Answer 24

Special type of angular motion, described as making circular movements as moving the arm in a loop.

Eg butterfly in swimming.