The Cardiac System APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Name the three blood vessels?

Answer 1

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 2

Talk about arteries.

Answer 2

Takes blood away from the heart
Most carry oxygenated blood
Small lumen 
Thick muscular and elastic walls to withstand pressure 
Pulse

Question 3

Talk about capillaries.

Answer 3

Very thin walls to allow rapid diffusion
Huge network of tiny vessels linking arteries and veins.
Very narrow - only one red blood cell at a time.

Question 4

Talk about veins.

Answer 4

Have valves to prevent the back flow of blood. 
Carry blood towards the heart. 
Most carry deoxygenated blood
No stretch - no pulse. 
Thin-walled
Large lumen.

Question 5

How many chambers are there in the heart?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What are the two upper chambers of the heart?

Answer 6

Left and right atrium.

Question 7

What are the two lower chamber of the heart?

Answer 7

Left and right ventricle.

Question 8

Does blood flow into or out of the atrium?

Answer 8

Into

Question 9

Does blood flow into or out of the ventricles?

Answer 9

Out of

Question 10

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 10

Left side

Question 11

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 11

Right.

Question 12

What do valves do?

Answer 12

Prevent the back flow of blood

Question 13

What are the valves in the heart called

Answer 13

Tricuspid
Mitral
Pulmonary
Aortic.

Question 14

What is the order of blood flow through the heart?

Answer 14

Deox blood enters right atrium
Flows to right ventricle
Pulmonary artery transports blood to the lungs
Gaseous exchange occurs resulting in ox blood
Pulmonary vein transports the blood to the left atrium
It passes to the left ventricle
Ox blood is ejected from the heart and is transported to the body via the aorta.

Question 15

What is the stroke volume?

Answer 15

The volume of blood pumped (ejected) out of the heart by each ventricle per beat. On average 60-70 ml per beat.

Question 16

What is cardiac output?

Answer 16

(Q) The volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute .
Q = SV x HR
Average = 4.9 l leaving the heart every minute.

Question 17

What is an anticipatory rise?

Answer 17

The heart rate increases usually before activity because of the expectation of exercise.