DEFINITIONS

Question 1

Ability

Answer 1

inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill.

Question 2

Adaptability

Answer 2

The potential to change with ease

Question 3

Define adrenaline

Answer 3

natural hormone released to speed heart rate up

Question 4

aerobic

Answer 4

with oxygen. when exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart rate can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need.

glucose + oxygen —> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 5

aerobic training zone

Answer 5

the aerobic training zone allows the aerobic system to be trained.
60-80 percent of maximum heart rate.

Question 6

define aggression.

Answer 6

a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, which can be physical or mental (direct or indirect).

Question 7

agility

Answer 7

the ability to move and change direction quickly (at speed) whilst maintaining control.

Question 8

agonist/prime mover

Answer 8

muscle or group responsible for the movement

Question 9

altitude

Answer 9

a geographical area of land which is over 2000m above sea level.

Question 10

altitude training

Answer 10

training at altitude is where there is less oxygen. The body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen. The additional oxygen carrying red blood cells is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to see level to compete.

Question 11

altitude sickness

Answer 11

nausea caused by training at altitude.

Question 12

alveoli

Answer 12

air sacs in lungs

Question 13

amateur

Answer 13

takes part in activity as a hobby, rather than for financial gain
has another main job outside of sport
takes part for fun
could be at a lower level.

Question 14

anabolic steroids

Answer 14

artificially produced male hormones mimicking testosterone. The promote muscle and bone growth, and reduce recovery time. Often used by power athletes, eg sprinters.

Question 15

anaerobic

Answer 15

without oxygen. when exercise duration is short and at high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them.
glucose —> energy + lactic acid.

Question 16

antagonist

Answer 16

acts to produce the opposite action to the agonist. they work in antagonistic pairs.

Question 17

arousal

Answer 17

a physical and mental state of alertness/readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness.

Question 18

articulating bones

Answer 18

where two or bones meet to allow movement at a joint.

Question 19

axis

Answer 19

imaginary line through the body at which it rotates.
longitudinal - head to toe.
transverse - through the hips.
sagittal - through the belly button.

Question 20

backflow

Answer 20

the flowing backwards of blood. Valves in the veins prevent this from happening.

Question 21

balance

Answer 21

the maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support. Reference can be made whilst static (still) or dynamic (moving).

Question 22

balanced diet

Answer 22

eating:

• the right amount (for energy expended)
• the right amount of calories
• according to how much you exercise
• different food types to provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

Question 23

beta blockers

Answer 23

drugs that are used to steady nerves by controlling heart rate. they have a calming and relaxing effect.

Question 24

blood doping

Answer 24

defined by WADA as the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase one’s red blood cell count.

Question 25

blood pressure

Answer 25

the pressure that blood is under. types of pressure:
systolic - when the heart is contracting
diastolic - when the heart is relaxed.

Question 26

body composition

Answer 26

the percentage of body weight which is fat and non-fat (muscle and bone).

Question 27

calorie

Answer 27

a unit which measures heat or energy production in the body, normally expressed as Kcal.

Question 28

carbohydrate

Answer 28

the body’s preferred energy source

Question 29

cardiac cycle

Answer 29

the process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles.

Question 30

cardiac output

Answer 30

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output.

Question 31

cardiovascular endurance (aerobic power)

Answer 31

the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

Question 32

circuit training

Answer 32

a series of exercise stations whereby periods of work are interspersed with periods of rest.

Question 33

closed season

Answer 33

post (transition)
periods of rest to recuperate
players doing gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitness.
fully rested and ready for pre-season training.

Question 34

closed skill

Answer 34

a skill which is not affected by the environment or the performers within it. the skill tends to be done the same way each time.

Question 35

commercialisation

Answer 35

to manage or exploit (an organisation, activity etc) in a way designed to make a profit.
sponsorship and media.

Question 36

coordination

Answer 36

the ability to use different (two or more) parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently.

Question 37

competition season (peak)

Answer 37

playing season
taking part in matches every week
maintenance of fitness related to the activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance.
concentration on skills/set plays to improve teams performance.

Question 38

continuous training

Answer 38

involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. It improves cardiovascular fitness. Steady state training.

Question 39

contract to compete

Answer 39

unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules.

Question 40

deep breathing.

Answer 40

slow, deep breathing whilst relaxed.

Question 41

dehydration

Answer 41

excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body.

Question 42

hydration.

Answer 42

having enough water to enable normal functioning of the body.

Question 43

rehydration.

Answer 43

consuming water to restore hydration.

Question 44

direct aggression.

Answer 44

aggressive acts which involve physical contact with others eg a punch.

Question 45

diuretic drugs.

Answer 45

drugs that remove fluid from the body, elevating the rate of bodily urine excretion.

Question 46

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Answer 46

DOMS

the pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise.

Question 47

ectomorph.

Answer 47

a somatotype characterised by being tall and thin. Individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips.

Question 48

embolism.

Answer 48

blockage of a blood vessel.

Question 49

endomorph.

Answer 49

a somatotype characterised by a pear shaped body/fatness. Individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders.

Question 50

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Answer 50

EPOC
sometimes referred to as oxygen debt. EPC refers to the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise. EPOC enables lactic acid to be converted to glucose, carbon dioxide and water (using oxygen). It explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise.

Question 51

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 51

a type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count.

Question 52

etiquette

Answer 52

a convention or unwritten rule in an activity. it is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed.

Question 53

expire.

Answer 53

breathe out.

Question 54

externally paced skill.

Answer 54

the skill that is started because of an external factor. the speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by external factors eg an opponent.

Question 55

extrinsic feedback.

Answer 55

received from outside of the performance eg from a coach.

Question 56

extrovert

Answer 56

sociable, activity, talkative, out-going personality type usually associated with team sports players.