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Anatomy Exam 3 > Joints of UE > Flashcards

Joints of UE Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the joints in the pectoral girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Scapulothoracic (ST) joint

Glenohumeral (GH) joint

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2
Q

Why is the ST joint not considered a true joint?

A

Because the scapula has no direct bony connection to the thorax, it is a physiological joint reflecting how the scapula moves relative to the thorax

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3
Q

What are the movements of the scapula?

A

elevation/depression

retraction/protraction

upward rotation/downward rotation

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4
Q

What muscles elevate the scapula?

A

superior fibers of trapezius

levator scapulae

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5
Q

What muscles cause scapular depression?

A

inferior fibers of trapezius

pectoralis minor

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6
Q

What muscles retract the scapula?

A

middle fibers of trapezius

rhomboid minor and major

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7
Q

What muscles protract the scapula?

A

pectoralis minor

serratus anterior

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8
Q

What muscles perform upward rotation of the scapula?

A

serratus anterior

superior and inferior fibers of trapezius

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9
Q

What muscles perform downward rotation of the scapula?

A

levator scapulae

rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

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10
Q

For every 2 deg of glenohumeral movement there is…

A

1 deg of scapulothoracic movement

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11
Q

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

synovial joint with an articular disc

movements: anterior/posterior
elevation/depression

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12
Q

sternoclavicular joint injury

A

dislocations uncommon due to strength of capsular ligaments, more likely that clavicle will frx.

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the SC joint?

A

costoclavicular ligament

capsular ligament

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14
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

synovial joint with an articular disc

primary movement: rotation of the acromion on the clavicle

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

acromioclavicular ligament -reinforces joint

coracoclavicular ligament - prevents medial movement of the scapula relative to the clavicle

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16
Q

Dislocation of the AC joint

A

shoulder seperation

acromioclavicular ligament can tear or rupture through a direct blow or fall on a shoulder or outstretched hand

if the coracoclavicular ligaments also tears/ruptures- the shoulder will separate from the clavicle

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17
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

ball &socket joint with glenoid labrum

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18
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

fibrocartilaginous ring that acts to deepen the glenoid cavity

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19
Q

What movements occur at the GHJ?

A

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

medial rotation/lateral rotation

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20
Q

What muscles flex the GHJ?

Study These Flashcards
A

pectoralis major

anterior deltoid

coracobrachialis

biceps brachii (weakly)

21
Q

What muscles extend the GHJ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Posterior deltoid

latissimus dorsi

long head of triceps brachii

22
Q

What muscles abduct the GHJ?

Study These Flashcards
A

supraspinatus- initial 15deg

deltoid- after 15deg

23
Q

What muscles adduct the GHJ?

Study These Flashcards
A

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

subscapularis

teres major

24
Q

What are the ligaments of the GHJ?

Study These Flashcards
A

capsular: coracohumeral, glenohumeral, transverse humeral
extracapsular: coracoacromial

25
How can rotator cuff muscles be injured?
repetitive use tendon of supraspinatous muscle is most frequently torn
26
Dislocation of GHJ
ligaments and tendons do not cross the GHJ inferiorly, therefore the inferior aspect of the capsule is weakest, most dislocations occur "anteriorly"
27
Anterior GHJ dislocations endangers which vessels?
musculocutaneous n. branches of axillary a.
28
What vessels are endangered by surgical neck fracture?
axillary n. circumflex humeral aa.
29
What vessels are endangered by mid shaft humeral fracture?
radial n. and deep artery and vein of the arm
30
What vessels are endangered by surgical supracondylar fracture?
median n. and brachial a.
31
What vessels are endangered by surgical medial epicondyle fracture?
ulnar n.
32
Elbow joint
hinge synovial joint fibrous capsule encloses both elbow & proximal radioulnar joints very stable in adults, less stable in children
33
capitulum of the humerus articulates with...
the radial head
34
trochlea of the humerus articulates with...
the ulna
35
What movements occur at the elbow joint?
flexion/extension
36
What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
ulnar (medial) collateral ligament radial (lateral collateral ligament) anular ligament
37
What muscles flex the elbow?
biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis
38
What muscles extend the elbow?
triceps brachii
39
Does the ulna or radius stay stable when rotating?
the ulna
40
Proximal and Distal radioulnar joints
synovial joints movements: pronation/supination
41
Pulled or nursemaid's elbow
subluxation (partial dislocation) of the radial head from the anular ligament, most common in preschool children, may tear anular ligament
42
Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint
synovial joint between the distal radius, articular disc, scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
43
What movements occur at the wrist (radiocarpal) joint?
flexion/extension abduction/adduction
44
Colles fracture
distal radius fracture mechanism: FOOSH associated with "dinner fork deformity" : a posterior displacement of the distal fragment, causing angulation
45
scaphoid fracture
most frequently fractured carpal bone mechanism: FOOSH avascular necrosis is a potential complication of this injury
46
Anterior dislocation of the lunate
occurs when landing on the dorsal side of the wrist, lunate is pushed anteriorly, compressing contents of the carpal tunnel, esp. the median nerve
47
Mallet finger
Avulsion of the extensor expansion at the level of the DIP digit flexed at DIP due to unopposed contraction of flexor digitorum profundus
48
Boutonniere deformity
avulsion of extensor expansion at the level of the PIP extensor expansion is still attached distally at the level of the DIP

Anatomy Exam 3 (7 decks)

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