Joints overview

Question 1

What is another name for a joint

Answer 1

Articulation

Question 2

How are joints classified

Answer 2

shape
degree of movement
involved CT

Question 3

what does Synarthrosis mean

Answer 3

Immovable

Question 4

What does amphiarthrosis mean

Answer 4

some movement

Question 5

What does diarthrosis mean

Answer 5

Mobile

Question 6

What are the three main types of connective tissue

Answer 6

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 7

What is a fibrous joint

Answer 7

Direct connection of bone to bone via fibrous CT

Question 8

What are the main types of fibrous joints

Answer 8

Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis

Question 9

What is a suture fibrous joint

Answer 9

Interlocking of flat bones with dense fibrous tissue

Question 10

What is a syndesmosis joint

Answer 10

Ligaments are attached to permit some movement

Question 11

What is a gomphosis joint

Answer 11

Projection from one bone will fit into socket with stability gained from ligament

Question 12

What is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 12

Slightly mobile joint held together with cartilage

Question 13

What are the main types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

Symphyses
synchondrosis

Question 14

What is a symphyses joint

Answer 14

Connected via a pad/disk of fibrocartilage allowing for shock absorption (Costal)

Question 15

What is a synchondroses joint

Answer 15

Bones connected via hyaline cartilage (Epiphyseal plate)

Question 16

What are the main types of cartilage

Answer 16

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

Question 17

What is the function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

Shear at the surface with compressive viscoelastic behavior

Question 18

What is the function of fibrous cartilage

Answer 18

Compressive tensile hoop (Tense/tough)

Provides the tough material of the intervertebral spaces

Question 19

What is the function of elastic cartilage

Answer 19

Highly elastic and Durable

Question 20

How do synovial joint move

Answer 20

Diarthrosis (greatest mobility)

Question 21

What are the parts of synovial joints from the outside in

Answer 21

Fibrous joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage

Question 22

What is the joint capsule created by

Answer 22

White fibrous tissue

Question 23

What do nerves in the joint capsule allow for

Answer 23

Sensation and direction of movement

Question 24

How is the joint capsule attached to the periosteum

Answer 24

Sharpey fibers

Question 25

Where is the synovial membrane found

Answer 25

Inner layer of the joint capsule Adhered to the nonarticular surface

Question 26

What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane

Answer 26

Outer aspect: Vascular, subintima layer Inner layer: intima

Question 27

What cells are found in the outer aspect of the synovial membrane

Answer 27

Leukocytes Elastin Fibrous tissue

Question 28

What cells are found in the intimate later of the synovial membrane

Answer 28

Synovial cells

Question 29

What are the types of synovial cells

Answer 29

A. Phagocytes B. Secrete hyaluronate

Question 30

What does hyaluronate do

Answer 30

Makes the joint fluid viscous (oily)

Question 31

What is synovial fluid

Answer 31

Highly filtrated plasma with bound hyaluronate that lubricates the joint brings nutrients to the articular cartilage

Question 32

Does articular cartilage contain blood?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

What type of cartilage does the periosteum not cover

Answer 33

Articular

Question 34

What covers the articular cartilage

Answer 34

Hyaline cartilage (2-5mm thick)

Question 35

What is articular cartilage made up of

Answer 35

cross-linked collagen fibers and chondrocytes high water content

Question 36

What is the purpose of articular cartilage

Answer 36

Decrease joint friction

Question 37

What do proteoglycans do

Answer 37

Pump fluid into the cartilage and reabsorb the synovial fluid

Question 38

What is a condyloid joint

Answer 38

Similar to ball and socket allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

Question 39

What is an example of the saddle joint

Answer 39

Thumb

Question 40

What type of joint have the maximal amount of mobility

Answer 40

Ball and socket