pathophys of upper extremity

Question 1

What is contained in the anterior compartment of the upper arm

Answer 1

Flexor
Musculocutaneous nerve
bicep brachii (flexion, supination)
Brachialis

Question 2

What are the compartments of the upper arm separated by

Answer 2

fascia

Question 3

What is contained in the posterior compartment of the upper arm

Answer 3

Extensor
Contains radial nerve
tricep

Question 4

What symptoms are associated with brachial plexopathy

Answer 4

Weakness
pain
sensory
*all in the upper arm

Question 5

What are some causes of brachial plexopathy

Answer 5

Trauma
TOS
Tumor invasion
Post operative complication (sternotomy)
Radiation

Question 6

Where are upper brachial plexus lesions seen

Answer 6

C5, C6

Question 7

What causes an upper brachial plexus lesion

Answer 7

head being pulled to one side with shoulder depression
-trauma
-difficult delivery
*traction or tearing of the nerve fibers

Question 8

What is the result of an upper brachial plexus injury

Answer 8

Paralysis of
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-biceps
-brachialis
-coracobrachialis
-deltoid

Question 9

Where are lower brachial plexus lesions seen

Answer 9

C8, T1

Question 10

What is the cause of a lower brachial plexus injury

Answer 10

Falling and catching yourself causing a tearing of the nerve

Question 11

Which nerves are involved with a lower brachial plexus injury

Answer 11

Median and ulnar nerve -> affects functionality of the hand

Question 12

What are the different types of brachial plexopathy

Answer 12

Avulsion
stretch
rupture

Question 13

What is important about the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 13

Where the joint capsule attaches

vascular supply for the humeral head

Question 14

Where does the subscapularis insert

Answer 14

Lesser tuberosity

Question 15

What is the major complication that can arise from a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 15

AVN of humeral head

Question 16

Which arteries could be injured with a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus

Answer 16

radial, ulnar, or brachial artery

Question 17

What stabilizes the shoulder

Answer 17

Labrum
Rotator cuff
Glenohumeral ligaments

Question 18

If there is an injury to the radial artery with a shoulder dislocation, what effects might a patient experience

Answer 18

Weakness and difficulty with extension of the wrist and fingers

Question 19

What is the purpose of the labrum

Answer 19

Fibrocartilaginous joint that deepens the glenoid fossa and aids in stability

Question 20

What type of labral tear is seen with dislocations and bankers lesions

Answer 20

Inferior

Question 21

What type of labral tear is associated with SLAP tears

Answer 21

Superior

Question 22

What is seen with stage 1 impingement syndrome

Answer 22

Edema and hemorrhage

Question 23

What is seen with stage 2 impingement syndrome

Answer 23

Fibrosis and tendonitis

Question 24

What is seen with stage 3 impingement syndrome

Answer 24

Rotator cuff tear and/or bicep rupture

Question 25

Which part of the rotator cuff is generally injured in trauma or chronic degenerative tearing

Answer 25

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 26

How are rotator cuff tears classified

Answer 26

By size -small 0-1 -medium 1-3 -large 3-5

Question 27

What causes frozen shoulder

Answer 27

Increased fibroblastic activity causing the joint capsule to become thickened and fibrotic

Question 28

How soon after surgery is PT required for adhesive capsulitis

Answer 28

Within a day or it will start to freeze again

Question 29

Where does the bicep insert

Answer 29

Radial tuberosity

Question 30

What movement does the long head of the bicep control

Answer 30

assists with abduction and internal rotation

Question 31

What movement does the short head of the bicep control

Answer 31

Adduction (to the coracoid)

Question 32

When both heads of the bicep fire together, what movement do they control

Answer 32

elbow flexion and supination

Question 33

Where is the pain the greatest with bicep tendonitis

Answer 33

Bicepital groove

Question 34

What does a SLAP tear stand for

Answer 34

Superior labrum, anterior to posterior

Question 35

What part of the bicep is effected with a bicep tendon rupture

Answer 35

Long head at the bicipital groove

Question 36

What type of bicep tendon rupture is most significant

Answer 36

distal

Question 37

What movement does the flexor carpi radials allow for

Answer 37

Flexion and abduction of the wrist

Question 38

What movement doesn't the flexor carpi ulnaris allow for

Answer 38

Flexion and adduction of the wrist

Question 39

What muscle only flexes the wrist

Answer 39

Palmaris longus

Question 40

Which muscle flexes the wrist and middle phalanges from finger 2-5

Answer 40

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 41

Which muscle extends and adducts the wrist

Answer 41

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 42

Which muscle extends the wrist and abducts the hand

Answer 42

Extensor carpi radialis

Question 43

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 43

Intrinsic are within the hand extrinsic come from forearm

Question 44

What is a side effect of medial epicondylitis

Answer 44

decreased grip strength

Question 45

What causes dupuytrens contracture

Answer 45

Proliferative disorder of myofibroblasts that leads to fibrosis of palmar fascia

Question 46

What is the progression of dupuytrens contracture

Answer 46

Starts as nodule and progresses to for cords that pull the MCP and PIP into flexion

Question 47

Overgrowth of fibrocartilage that causes narrowing of the first annular pulley passage of the hand is descriptive of which pathology

Answer 47

trigger finger

Question 48

What is a contracture

Answer 48

Chronic, progressive loss of joint ROM secondary to tightening of non-bony tissue

Question 49

What is contracture typically due to

Answer 49

Immobilization