Ka8 Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
What is genomic sequencing
A technique used to determine the sequence of nucleotide bases for individuals genes and their entire genome
What is sequence data
The genetic information can be related to the function of the genes eg the AA and what protein is made
What is bionformatics
Using computer programmes and and statistics to store and compare sequence data
What can the information gained from genetic sequencing be used for
Investigate evolutionary biology, inheritance and personalised medicine
What is comparative genomics
When the genome of different species can be compared
This shows that many genes are found in a conserved state across different species
What can highly conserved genes be used for
Compare the genome of 2 groups of organisms to show how closely or distantly related they are
What are genome sequences useful for
Studying disease causing organisms
Pest species
Used for research
Model organisms
What is phylogenetics
The study of evolutionary history and relationships between different groups of organisms
What do mutations allow
Allows loving things to change their genome
If 2 groups become more and more different they will diverge
What is sequence divergence
The more different base sequences the more distantly related the 2 groups are
Sequence divergence is used to estimate the last time lineages diverge
What is a phylogenetic tree
These can be drawn using sequence date and fossil evidence
Phylogenetic trees shoe the emerge of different species from a common ancestor
What does comparing sequence data and fossil evidence give
Evidence of the 3 domains of life
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
What is the order of events in the evolutionary of life
1, cells
2, last universal ancestor
3, prokaryotes
4, pholosynthetic organisms
5, eukaryotes
6, multicellular organisms
7, vertebrates
8, land plants
What is pharmacogentics
The study of how drugs might be designed to best suit individuals with a particular gene sequence
What are molecular clocks
Used to show when evolutionary species diverge during evolution
Differences in the sequence data between species indicate the time of diverge from a common ancestor
