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Old Decks > kaiser_to_fuhrer_1933-45_20230227145102 > Flashcards

kaiser_to_fuhrer_1933-45_20230227145102 Flashcards

1
Q

Herero Uprising

A

1904| Weltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe

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2
Q

Hottentot Election

A

1907

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3
Q

Daily Telegraph Affair

A

1908

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4
Q

Zabern Affair

A

1913 - Led to vote of no confidence 293:54

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5
Q

Tariff Laws

A

1902 - High duty on imported agricultural productsJunker support, food more expansive Rise in SPD support 56 seats in Reichstag to 81

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6
Q

Army Bill

A

1913 - Increase Army to 870,000| Weltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe

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7
Q

Sickness Insurance Law

A

1903

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8
Q

Banning Child Labour

A

1908

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9
Q

Navy Law

A

1900 - 38 Battleships over 20 years Flottenpolitik - Creation of a fleet to control coloniesWeltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe

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10
Q

Imperial Insurance Code

A

1911

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11
Q

Accident Insurance Law

A

1900

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12
Q

Burgfreide

A

1916 - Kept peaceful SD’s happy, as WW1 was perceived as a defensive until 1916. Patriotic support.

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13
Q

Popularity of SPD Election

A

1912 - 110 seats in Reichstag largest party

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14
Q

Kiel

A

31st Oct 1918 - Challenge authority, Army/Navy leaders lost control. Last battle retrieve dignity, sailors angry refused. Set up Worker/Soldier Councils, similar to Soviets in Russ Rev 1918, took control of military/civil matters of cities.

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15
Q

Kapp Putsch

A

1920 - Freikorps entered Berlin physically controlled Germany, due to the Weimar Government fleeing.

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16
Q

Sparticist Uprising

A

1919 - Attempted overthrow WeiGov. This was only an attempt however, due to the fact that it was crushed by the right wing opposition, the Freikorps and the Army.

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17
Q

Ebert-Groener Pact

A

1918 - ensuring that the Government would be protected from the left.

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18
Q

Munich Putsch

A
  1. 14 Nazi’s killed
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19
Q

Hyperinflation - 1

A

1923.

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20
Q

Dawes Plan

A

1924 - Receive loans from America, 18,000 million marks. Increased investment unemployment dropped 5% 1924 to 3% in 1925.

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21
Q

Ruhr Lockout

A

1928 - Industrialists locked out 250,000 workers to break the power of trade unions and defeat compulsory arbitration, political wage setting.

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22
Q

Treaty of Berlin

A

1926 - Included military and economic exchanges with the USSR, improved the relation with the West, they were anti-comm.

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23
Q

Young Plan

A

1929 - Reinforced to the people that they had to pay reparations, 6,000m marks instead of 136,000m previously. Fierce opposition from Right wing, only 14% rejected in Anti-Young campaign.

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24
Q

Wall Street Crash

A

1929.

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25
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1919.

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26
Q

Nazi Vote

A

1924 - 1.9m1932 - 13.7m1933 - 11.7m

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27
Q

Nazi Targeting Tactic Quote

A

‘Catch all party of protest’ - Childers| ‘Rainbow collection of the discontented’ - Evans

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28
Q

Nazi Newspaper

A

1930 - Published daily

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29
Q

Rural Areas

A

Targeted rural areas, not targeted by other groups significantly. Discontent of Weimar to gain support, little required for massive support. Gained Protestant support.

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30
Q

Nazi % of Vote

A

1928 - 2.6%1930 - 18.31932 - 37.3 (July)

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31
Q

Rural %

A

1930 - Scored 25%-28% of the Protestant North vote with very little organisational effort.68% - Wiefelstede

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32
Q

Rural Significance

A

Very effective in gaining support and allowed them to target other areas, rural districts to gain even more votes.

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33
Q

‘Blood and soil’

A

The Nazi ideology that true Aryan Germans came from rural areas, popular with rural people and with nationals. Blamed the Jews for the decline. Used to justify Lebensraum.

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34
Q

Middle Class

A

DDP/DVP declined to 1% in 1932, Nazi’s took vote. Feared Comm, Nazi’s protect them, reputation of brutality to Comm gained support. Loss of income/saving from depression.

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35
Q

Voted Nazi after 1930

A

Middle/Upper - Strong| Small towns and the rural protestant north

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36
Q

Didn’t vote Nazi after 1930

A

Catholics| Majority of the Working Class

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37
Q

Working Class

A

Some conservative nationalists, hit by depression Nazism offered solution, attracted bread/work promise National Socialism allowed reforms. Majority stayed KPD/SPD.

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38
Q

Overall

A

Depression caused insecurity that the right extremists exploited, offering a solution. Effective propaganda ensured support from all classes and areas. People who were nationalistic and wanted to improve their status.

39
Q

Upper Middle/Elite

A

Disillusioned with Weimar not wanting a return to parliamentary democracy.

40
Q

Big Business

A

Advantage in self sufficiency and armament process. Feared Comm and hated parliamentary democracy. Hated Government compulsory arbitration.

41
Q

Peasants/Small farmers

A

Restore prosperity of the farming community and attracted by the promise of land reforms.

42
Q

New Voter Stats

A

Around a quarter of those who voted in 1930, hadn’t voted before.

43
Q

Propaganda and Voting

A

Alfred Hugenberg, Press and Film Baron, leader of DVNP, combined two parties, huge contributions. Allowed Nazi propaganda to grow significantly, particularly 1928 and 1930. Legitimise Party.

44
Q

Anti-Young Campaign

A

1929 - Reject political establishment appeal, the help by Hugenberg put Hitler and the Nazi’s on an international stage, increasing support.

45
Q

Demise of the Left

A

1929 - Wall Street Crash, left wanted to tax and couldn’t reduce social policies to get money, still reparations, very unpopular people didn’t have money/job social policies were the Left attraction.

46
Q

The Church 1933-39

A

More interested in protecting the church rather than to weaken the regime. Catholic against sterilisation and euthanasia.

47
Q

The Youth

A

The Swing Youth, Edelweiss Pirates. White Rose (1939-1943) printed the atrocities, euthanasia/eastern front. Hans/Sophie Schroll executed.

48
Q

The Army

A

Aristocratic leaders were against the radical foreign policy, July Plot 1944 tide of the war changing, remove Hitler before it gets worse.

49
Q

The Kreisau Circle

A

They wanted to prepare Germany for the post Nazi period, tried to assassinate Hitler with the Army. Beck a senior Nazi General until 1938.

50
Q

Communists

A

Little active restance from German communists, due to the party being banned. Spy’s - Red Orchestra, Leopald Trepper, 89 spy cells in Berlin.

51
Q

Hitler Cabinet meet

A

1933 - 72 times1934 - 1 timeUninterested in certain politics

52
Q

Overall German Cabinet 1933

A

Cabinet with only 2 Nazi’s + Hitler

53
Q

Schacht Economic policies

A

1934 - Made 25 international trade agreementsNONE personally approved by Hitler Uninterested in certain politics

54
Q

Robert Ley Vs Schacht

A

1934 - German Labour Front Decree, allowing the confiscation of property, furthering own empire for Ley. Passed without Schacht’s knowledge, minister of economics 1934.Polycratic chaotic state

55
Q

Night of the Long Knives / Deaths

A

1934 - Over 300Polycratic chaotic feudal stateIntervened in interested politics (opponents)

56
Q

Jewish Boycott

A

1933 - Hitler called it off international pressure, everyone obeyed.Strong dictator

57
Q

4 Year Plan

A

1936 - Hitler the plenipotentiary of the 4 year plan, let Goering run it.Interest in policies (prepare for war)

58
Q

Progressive radicalisation

A 
1933 - Boycott1935 - Nuremberg Laws1938 - Kristallnacht1939 - Einzatsgruppen in PolandInterested in politics (racial)Working towards the Fuhrer
59
Q

Rhineland

A

Re-militarisation in 1936, very popular defying the unpopular treaty of VersaillesNational pride / PopularityStrong Dictator / Intervened in interested politics

60
Q

Anscluss

A

1938 - 99% voted yes, very popularNational pride / PopularityStrong Dictator / Intervened in interested politics

61
Q

Removal of Communists

A

KPD banned in 1933Strong DictatorPopularityIntervened in interested politics

62
Q

Unemployment

A

1939 - 380,000 people 0.5% of population’Battle for work’ - Won furthered Hitler Myth PopularityRearmament, public works, conscription 1935 and removal of certain groups from society/jobs.1933 - 6 million

63
Q

Strength through Joy

A

1938 - 10 million state holiday1938 - 180,000 state cruisePopularity

64
Q

Bavarian Crucifix crisis

A

1937 - Removal of crucifix’s from catholic schools, believed working towards fuhrer, although they were immediately replaced.

65
Q

Communist Leaflets

A

1.25 million leaflets seized| Terror

66
Q

Berlin Olympics

A

1936 - National pride / Popularity| Strong Dictator

67
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

1935

68
Q

Cumulative Radicalisation

A 
1933 - Boycott1935 - Nuremberg Laws1938 - Kristallnacht1939 - Einzatsgruppen in PolandHitler realised his ideological vision of the reduction of the Jews, without him giving specific orders, efficient.
69
Q

Gestapo

A
  • Warzberg and Lower Franconia - 28 officers for 1m people- Established as secret police in 1934- 88% of Saarbrucken ‘slander against regime’ 8% Gestapo- Hamburg 42 officers 1935
70
Q

Euthanasia

A

Aktion T4 - 1939Personally approved by HitlerIntervened in interested politics

71
Q

Himmler Vs Rohm

A

Himmler lied to Hitler about Rohm’s plans, to secure the Night of the Long Knives, around 300 people died.Strengthened Himmler’s power over Germany with the SS.Polycratic chaotic feudal state

72
Q

Goring Vs Schacht

A

Schacht appointed Reichsbank 1933 and minister of economics 1934.Goring in charge of 4 year plan in 1936 divert resources, two places for economics. Schacht resigns 1937.Polycratic chaotic feudal state

73
Q

Walter Darre

A

Agricultural minister attempted to get a meeting with Hitler for 2 year but failed.Polycratic chaotic feudal stateUninterested in certain politics

74
Q

Volksgemeinschaft

A

The creation of a national community

75
Q

Gleischaltung

A

Bringing into line

76
Q

Hitler appointed Chancellor

A

1933

77
Q

Communists Detained/executed

A

Detained 1933 - 200,000Executed 1933 - 64Executed 1939 - 117Increase in communist activity

78
Q

Terror and Working Class

A

Working class terror - Communists detained/executed, working class never won over by Nazism.

79
Q

Terror and Middle class

A

Mittelstand very popular, KPD confiscate property/remove status. Happy about terror Night Of the Long Knives / banned KPD in 1933.

80
Q

Kristallnacht

A

1938 - Goebbels Gaulieter of Berlin. Popular with indoctrinated young. Nazi education became increasingly anti-semetic. Young more ideologically committed.

81
Q

Nazi Police Departments and Terror

A

Kripo, Orpo, Sipo, Gestapo all claiming to be the police force of the Nazi’s, creates confusion, who to report to. Local Block wardens.

82
Q

People in concentration camps

A

1935 - 4,000| 1939 - 21,000

83
Q

Prison statistics

A
  • 1935 - 5k convicted of high treason| - 1935 - Prison population increased by 53k
84
Q

Resistenz

A

Broszat - Continued to listen to jazz/wear make-up/do things to not oppose the Nazi but not conform.-Represented a limit to Nazi control over everyone

85
Q

Loyal Reluctance

A

Paul, Mallmann - Didn’t like certain parts of the regime, but due to loyalty accepted it

86
Q

Communist Opposition

A
  • 1.25m communist leaflets seized 1934- Communist newspaper Rote Fahne 1935- 1936 Berlin strikes
87
Q

Propaganda/Hitler Myth

A
  • Hitler depicted as being responsible for achievements- 1938 film Olympia, Berlin Olympics- 1935 Triumph of Will, Nuremberg rally- 70% of households had a radio 1939
88
Q

Blomberg-Fritch Affair

A

1938 - Removal of both Generals allowed Hitler to become Supreme Commander. 12 others resigned

89
Q

Indoctrinating the young

A
  • 97% teachers in National Socialist Teachers Alliance 1937| - Alliance controlled courses 2/3 on them 1939
90
Q

Hitler appointed Chancellor

A

1933

91
Q

Gleischaltung

A

Bringing into line

92
Q

Anscluss

A

1938, 99% of electorate voted yes

93
Q

Re-Militarisation of the Rhineland

A

1936

94
Q

Employment

A

‘Battle for work’ - Hitler won6m - 1933100,000 - 1939

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