kaiser_to_fuhrer_1933-45_20230227145102 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Herero Uprising
A
1904| Weltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe
2
Q
Hottentot Election
A
1907
3
Q
Daily Telegraph Affair
A
1908
4
Q
Zabern Affair
A
1913 - Led to vote of no confidence 293:54
5
Q
Tariff Laws
A
1902 - High duty on imported agricultural productsJunker support, food more expansive Rise in SPD support 56 seats in Reichstag to 81
6
Q
Army Bill
A
1913 - Increase Army to 870,000| Weltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe
7
Q
Sickness Insurance Law
A
1903
8
Q
Banning Child Labour
A
1908
9
Q
Navy Law
A
1900 - 38 Battleships over 20 years Flottenpolitik - Creation of a fleet to control coloniesWeltpolitik - Creation of Empire outside Europe
10
Q
Imperial Insurance Code
A
1911
11
Q
Accident Insurance Law
A
1900
12
Q
Burgfreide
A
1916 - Kept peaceful SD’s happy, as WW1 was perceived as a defensive until 1916. Patriotic support.
13
Q
Popularity of SPD Election
A
1912 - 110 seats in Reichstag largest party
14
Q
Kiel
A
31st Oct 1918 - Challenge authority, Army/Navy leaders lost control. Last battle retrieve dignity, sailors angry refused. Set up Worker/Soldier Councils, similar to Soviets in Russ Rev 1918, took control of military/civil matters of cities.
15
Q
Kapp Putsch
A
1920 - Freikorps entered Berlin physically controlled Germany, due to the Weimar Government fleeing.
16
Q
Sparticist Uprising
A
1919 - Attempted overthrow WeiGov. This was only an attempt however, due to the fact that it was crushed by the right wing opposition, the Freikorps and the Army.
17
Q
Ebert-Groener Pact
A
1918 - ensuring that the Government would be protected from the left.
18
Q
Munich Putsch
A
- 14 Nazi’s killed
19
Q
Hyperinflation - 1
A
1923.
20
Q
Dawes Plan
A
1924 - Receive loans from America, 18,000 million marks. Increased investment unemployment dropped 5% 1924 to 3% in 1925.
21
Q
Ruhr Lockout
A
1928 - Industrialists locked out 250,000 workers to break the power of trade unions and defeat compulsory arbitration, political wage setting.
22
Q
Treaty of Berlin
A
1926 - Included military and economic exchanges with the USSR, improved the relation with the West, they were anti-comm.
23
Q
Young Plan
A
1929 - Reinforced to the people that they had to pay reparations, 6,000m marks instead of 136,000m previously. Fierce opposition from Right wing, only 14% rejected in Anti-Young campaign.
24
Q
Wall Street Crash
A
1929.
25
Treaty of Versailles
1919.
26
Nazi Vote
1924 - 1.9m1932 - 13.7m1933 - 11.7m
27
Nazi Targeting Tactic Quote
'Catch all party of protest' - Childers| 'Rainbow collection of the discontented' - Evans
28
Nazi Newspaper
1930 - Published daily
29
Rural Areas
Targeted rural areas, not targeted by other groups significantly. Discontent of Weimar to gain support, little required for massive support. Gained Protestant support.
30
Nazi % of Vote
1928 - 2.6%1930 - 18.31932 - 37.3 (July)
31
Rural %
1930 - Scored 25%-28% of the Protestant North vote with very little organisational effort.68% - Wiefelstede
32
Rural Significance
Very effective in gaining support and allowed them to target other areas, rural districts to gain even more votes.
33
'Blood and soil'
The Nazi ideology that true Aryan Germans came from rural areas, popular with rural people and with nationals. Blamed the Jews for the decline. Used to justify Lebensraum.
34
Middle Class
DDP/DVP declined to 1% in 1932, Nazi's took vote. Feared Comm, Nazi's protect them, reputation of brutality to Comm gained support. Loss of income/saving from depression.
35
Voted Nazi after 1930
Middle/Upper - Strong| Small towns and the rural protestant north
36
Didn't vote Nazi after 1930
Catholics| Majority of the Working Class
37
Working Class
Some conservative nationalists, hit by depression Nazism offered solution, attracted bread/work promise National Socialism allowed reforms. Majority stayed KPD/SPD.
38
Overall
Depression caused insecurity that the right extremists exploited, offering a solution. Effective propaganda ensured support from all classes and areas. People who were nationalistic and wanted to improve their status.
39
Upper Middle/Elite
Disillusioned with Weimar not wanting a return to parliamentary democracy.
40
Big Business
Advantage in self sufficiency and armament process. Feared Comm and hated parliamentary democracy. Hated Government compulsory arbitration.
41
Peasants/Small farmers
Restore prosperity of the farming community and attracted by the promise of land reforms.
42
New Voter Stats
Around a quarter of those who voted in 1930, hadn't voted before.
43
Propaganda and Voting
Alfred Hugenberg, Press and Film Baron, leader of DVNP, combined two parties, huge contributions. Allowed Nazi propaganda to grow significantly, particularly 1928 and 1930. Legitimise Party.
44
Anti-Young Campaign
1929 - Reject political establishment appeal, the help by Hugenberg put Hitler and the Nazi's on an international stage, increasing support.
45
Demise of the Left
1929 - Wall Street Crash, left wanted to tax and couldn't reduce social policies to get money, still reparations, very unpopular people didn't have money/job social policies were the Left attraction.
46
The Church 1933-39
More interested in protecting the church rather than to weaken the regime. Catholic against sterilisation and euthanasia.
47
The Youth
The Swing Youth, Edelweiss Pirates. White Rose (1939-1943) printed the atrocities, euthanasia/eastern front. Hans/Sophie Schroll executed.
48
The Army
Aristocratic leaders were against the radical foreign policy, July Plot 1944 tide of the war changing, remove Hitler before it gets worse.
49
The Kreisau Circle
They wanted to prepare Germany for the post Nazi period, tried to assassinate Hitler with the Army. Beck a senior Nazi General until 1938.
50
Communists
Little active restance from German communists, due to the party being banned. Spy's - Red Orchestra, Leopald Trepper, 89 spy cells in Berlin.
51
Hitler Cabinet meet
1933 - 72 times1934 - 1 timeUninterested in certain politics
52
Overall German Cabinet 1933
Cabinet with only 2 Nazi's + Hitler
53
Schacht Economic policies
1934 - Made 25 international trade agreementsNONE personally approved by Hitler Uninterested in certain politics
54
Robert Ley Vs Schacht
1934 - German Labour Front Decree, allowing the confiscation of property, furthering own empire for Ley. Passed without Schacht's knowledge, minister of economics 1934.Polycratic chaotic state
55
Night of the Long Knives / Deaths
1934 - Over 300Polycratic chaotic feudal stateIntervened in interested politics (opponents)
56
Jewish Boycott
1933 - Hitler called it off international pressure, everyone obeyed.Strong dictator
57
4 Year Plan
1936 - Hitler the plenipotentiary of the 4 year plan, let Goering run it.Interest in policies (prepare for war)
58
Progressive radicalisation
```1933 - Boycott1935 - Nuremberg Laws1938 - Kristallnacht1939 - Einzatsgruppen in PolandInterested in politics (racial)Working towards the Fuhrer```
59
Rhineland
Re-militarisation in 1936, very popular defying the unpopular treaty of VersaillesNational pride / PopularityStrong Dictator / Intervened in interested politics
60
Anscluss
1938 - 99% voted yes, very popularNational pride / PopularityStrong Dictator / Intervened in interested politics
61
Removal of Communists
KPD banned in 1933Strong DictatorPopularityIntervened in interested politics
62
Unemployment
1939 - 380,000 people 0.5% of population'Battle for work' - Won furthered Hitler Myth PopularityRearmament, public works, conscription 1935 and removal of certain groups from society/jobs.1933 - 6 million
63
Strength through Joy
1938 - 10 million state holiday1938 - 180,000 state cruisePopularity
64
Bavarian Crucifix crisis
1937 - Removal of crucifix's from catholic schools, believed working towards fuhrer, although they were immediately replaced.
65
Communist Leaflets
1.25 million leaflets seized| Terror
66
Berlin Olympics
1936 - National pride / Popularity| Strong Dictator
67
Nuremberg Laws
1935
68
Cumulative Radicalisation
```1933 - Boycott1935 - Nuremberg Laws1938 - Kristallnacht1939 - Einzatsgruppen in PolandHitler realised his ideological vision of the reduction of the Jews, without him giving specific orders, efficient.```
69
Gestapo
- Warzberg and Lower Franconia - 28 officers for 1m people- Established as secret police in 1934- 88% of Saarbrucken 'slander against regime' 8% Gestapo- Hamburg 42 officers 1935
70
Euthanasia
Aktion T4 - 1939Personally approved by HitlerIntervened in interested politics
71
Himmler Vs Rohm
Himmler lied to Hitler about Rohm's plans, to secure the Night of the Long Knives, around 300 people died.Strengthened Himmler's power over Germany with the SS.Polycratic chaotic feudal state
72
Goring Vs Schacht
Schacht appointed Reichsbank 1933 and minister of economics 1934.Goring in charge of 4 year plan in 1936 divert resources, two places for economics. Schacht resigns 1937.Polycratic chaotic feudal state
73
Walter Darre
Agricultural minister attempted to get a meeting with Hitler for 2 year but failed.Polycratic chaotic feudal stateUninterested in certain politics
74
Volksgemeinschaft
The creation of a national community
75
Gleischaltung
Bringing into line
76
Hitler appointed Chancellor
1933
77
Communists Detained/executed
Detained 1933 - 200,000Executed 1933 - 64Executed 1939 - 117Increase in communist activity
78
Terror and Working Class
Working class terror - Communists detained/executed, working class never won over by Nazism.
79
Terror and Middle class
Mittelstand very popular, KPD confiscate property/remove status. Happy about terror Night Of the Long Knives / banned KPD in 1933.
80
Kristallnacht
1938 - Goebbels Gaulieter of Berlin. Popular with indoctrinated young. Nazi education became increasingly anti-semetic. Young more ideologically committed.
81
Nazi Police Departments and Terror
Kripo, Orpo, Sipo, Gestapo all claiming to be the police force of the Nazi's, creates confusion, who to report to. Local Block wardens.
82
People in concentration camps
1935 - 4,000| 1939 - 21,000
83
Prison statistics
- 1935 - 5k convicted of high treason| - 1935 - Prison population increased by 53k
84
Resistenz
Broszat - Continued to listen to jazz/wear make-up/do things to not oppose the Nazi but not conform.-Represented a limit to Nazi control over everyone
85
Loyal Reluctance
Paul, Mallmann - Didn't like certain parts of the regime, but due to loyalty accepted it
86
Communist Opposition
- 1.25m communist leaflets seized 1934- Communist newspaper Rote Fahne 1935- 1936 Berlin strikes
87
Propaganda/Hitler Myth
- Hitler depicted as being responsible for achievements- 1938 film Olympia, Berlin Olympics- 1935 Triumph of Will, Nuremberg rally- 70% of households had a radio 1939
88
Blomberg-Fritch Affair
1938 - Removal of both Generals allowed Hitler to become Supreme Commander. 12 others resigned
89
Indoctrinating the young
- 97% teachers in National Socialist Teachers Alliance 1937| - Alliance controlled courses 2/3 on them 1939
90
Hitler appointed Chancellor
1933
91
Gleischaltung
Bringing into line
92
Anscluss
1938, 99% of electorate voted yes
93
Re-Militarisation of the Rhineland
1936
94
Employment
'Battle for work' - Hitler won6m - 1933100,000 - 1939
