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Neuro 2 exam > Karius Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Karius Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal body temperature

A

36.3 - 37.1 degrees C

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2
Q

How is controlled variable measured

A

sensor ex. thermostat

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3
Q

Sensor of controlled variable system

A

ex. thermostat if it’s cooler that set point then the the heater will turn on, if thermostat is warmer than the set point then the air conditioning will turn on

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4
Q

Feed-Forward system

A

information is used to prevent changes in the controlled varible

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5
Q

Example of feed forward system

A
  1. sun an change room temperature, the actual room never changed
  2. bodies in a room make the room warmer but the actual temperature of the room never changes
  3. If it’s cold outside, you put on a sweater, body temperature didn’t change but you know it would if you didn’t but a sweater on
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6
Q

Is thermoregulation feed forward or negative feedback

A

Negative feedback with some feed forward aspects

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7
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

neurons which change their firing rate in response to changes in local temperature

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8
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors

A

4 channels - TRP V1-4 which all cover different temperature ranges
V = vanilloid = capsaicin

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9
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors at low temperatures

A

not a lot of action potentials

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10
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors at high temperatures

A

lots of action potentials – except it can plateau and that means the skin is burning

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11
Q

Cold sensitive thermoreceptors activated

A

as temperature decreases

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12
Q

Ions involved in cold sensitive thermoreceptors

A

Na and Ca++ influx

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13
Q

Where are thermoreceptors found

A

skin, viscera, and the brain (hypothalamus)

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14
Q

Hypothalamus invovled in thermoregulatory system

A

controls hormonal, autonomic, and behavioral changes

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15
Q

Location for response to heat

A

anterior - heat loss behaviors

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16
Q

Location for response to cooling

A

posterior - heat production behaviors

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17
Q

Most controlled temperature place in the body

A

brain and abdomen

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18
Q

Least controlled temperature place in the body

A

hands and feet

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19
Q

Body temp change with sleep

A

temp decreases b/c of circadian influence

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20
Q

Body temp change with excercise

A

temp increases b/c of increase in heat production and set point increase

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21
Q

What determines set point

A

hypothalamus determines set point for core temp

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22
Q

Set point

A

desired temp value

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23
Q

Temperature influence on body

A

changes enzyme activity and cellular function

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24
Q

Change in environment temperature

A

can threaten body temperature

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25
Cutaneous themoreceptors
*these tell us about environmental conditions axons located in skin often bimodal may be warm or cold - 10x as sensitive to cold
26
Visceral thermoreceptors
*threats to maintenance due to food intake (eat scoop of ice cream or hot pepper)
27
Central thermoreceptors location
pre-optic and superoptic region of hypothalamus
28
Central thermoreceptors function
tells me about temperature in the brain b/d neuron cell bodies are sensitive to change in temp relay info to hypothalamus 3x as many warm receptors
29
Heat production mechanism
sympathetic system, hormonal control
30
Hormonal heat production mechanism
thyroxin and epinephrine/NE
31
Ways of producing heat
muscular activity - can be voluntary or involuntary (shivering) Non-shivering thermogenesis (jumping up and down when at gas station)
32
Shivering sensory to hypothalamus
dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus to increase motorneuron excitation
33
Non-shivering thermogenesis
hormone influence, food intake, brown adipose tissue
34
Increase food intake on thermogenesis
non-shivering thermogenesis | increase metabolism
35
Brown adipose tissue
use ATP without directing it towards somewhere low efficiency = lots of heat production strong in infants and not adults
36
Evaporative heat loss
energy lost as water evaporates
37
Two kinds of evaporative heat loss
sweating (controlled) and insensible (respiratory)
38
Convection
heat loss | movement of molecules AWAY from contact
39
Conduction
heat loss transfer of heat between objects in contact with one another depends on the object being colder than body temp
40
Radiation
heat loss infrared radiation transferring heat between 2 objects NOT in physical contact ex. a wall
41
How to respond to changes in core temperature
hypothalamus will adjust to both heat loss and heat production
42
Hypothalamus response to increased core temp
decrease heat production - less likely to eat and exercise | increase heat loss - blood to skin (flushing), sweat, insensible heat loss (panting)
43
How to increase convection and conduction
send more blood to the skin to send more heat from blood to external environment
44
Sweat gland innervation
**sympathetic** CHOLINERGIC- **Ach** is the NT binding to a muscarinic receptor
45
Primary secretion of sweat
high in water and sodium | *when you sweat a little bit
46
Low flow rate of sweat
concentrated- little water, high sodium
47
High flow rates
diluted- lots of water, little sodium
48
What happens along the sweat duct
reabsorb sodium, chloride, and water
49
Fever
controlled increase in body temperation
50
Hypothalamus during fever
causes a increase in set point | telling body to change to accommodate for the set point change
51
How to make a fever
Secretion of endotoxins --> Immune cells activated --> prostaglandin E2 --> increase hypothalamic set point
52
Body temp to set point temperature during fever
body temp
53
Body response to making a fever
increase heat production and decease heat loss
54
Increasing heat production during fever
shivering and non-shvering thermogenesis
55
Decreasing heat loss during fever
decrease conduction/convection and decrease sweat
56
Getting rid of fever
no endotoxins, no more immune activation, set point goes back to normal
57
Body temp to set point temperature when getting rid of fever
Tb > Tset point
58
Fever breaking
decrease heat production, increase heat loss
59
Decreasing heat production when breaking a fever
eat less, do less
60
Increasing heat loss when breaking a fever
conduction/convection, sweat, pant
61
Hyper and Hypothermia
uncontrolled changed in body temperature
62
Implications for hypo and hyperthermia
set point is normal, environmental stresses exceed bodies ability to regulate temp hypothalamic regulation may be lost
63
Hypothalamic tumor
can't thermoregulate

Neuro 2 exam (8 decks)

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