Olinger Eye Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Posterior chamber of the eye
A
Behind iris, before lens
2
Q
Vitreous Layer
A
Everything posterior to posterior chamber
3
Q
Outer Tunic
A
Sclera and cornea
4
Q
Sclera
A
White of eye, absorbs light
5
Q
Cornea
A
Transparent part of the eye
6
Q
Middle tunic (Uvea)
A
Iris, ciliary processes, choroid
7
Q
Iris
A
Pigmented part of the eye
8
Q
Ciliary processes
A
used for focusing
9
Q
Choroid
A
Blood of middle tunic
10
Q
Inner tunic
A
Retina - has “seeing” neurons
11
Q
Limbus
A
Transition zone between sclera and cornea
Part of outer tunic
12
Q
Layers of the cornea (from anterior to posterior)
A
Core and epithelium, bowman’s layer, storms, descemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium
13
Q
Corneal epithelium
A
Has hemidesmosomes where one end is attached to the next layer (bowman’s capsule)
14
Q
What is present in the stroma of the cornea?
A
Fibroblasts
15
Q
Corneal endothelium
A
Semi-permeable and not air tight - some things can get through it
16
Q
CIliary Body
A
Posterior lined with epithelium but anterior chamber is not
17
Q
Aqueous humor
A
Fluid like
18
Q
Vitreous humor
A
Gel like
19
Q
Sphincter of the pupil
A
Sphincter papillae m
20
Q
Dilator Pupillae
A
Contraction caused pupil dilation
21
Q
Anterior chamber of eye
A
Everything anterior to iris
22
Q
Fovea
A
Where you see things the clearest
23
Q
Papilla
A
Area where there is no photoreceptor cells
“Blind spot” of the retina
24
Q
Where are the axons dumped into the optic nerve
A
Papilla
25
Inner tunic location
Lines inner portion of the cornea
26
Rods
light
27
Cones
Color
28
10 layers of the retina
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Inner limiting membrane
Nerve fiber layer
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Outer nuclear layer
Outer limiting membrane
Inner and outer segments of rods and cones
Pigmented epithelium
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29
Inner limiting membrane
In direct contact with vitreous
30
Nerve fiber layer
Axons of ganglion cells
| Make up optic n
31
Ganglion cell layer
Axons to make up optic n
32
Inner nuclear layer
Bipolar cell body cells
33
Outer plexiform layer
Where synapse takes place
34
Outer nuclear layer
Cell body and nuclei of photoreceptor
35
Bipolar cells
In inner nuclear layer
1 dendrite end, 1 axon end
Take in for for the rod and cell to send to ganglion cell
36
Photoreceptor cells
In deepest layer
37
Choroid
Blood vessels
38
Where do we see the best
Fovea centralis
39
Where is the blind spot
Optic disk - all axons converge on one stop
40
Rods Photoreceptor cell characteristics
Plasma membrane folds in on itself to increase surface area and get light in and exciting cells in lower light
41
Cones photoreceptor cells
Short and do not have as much folding of outer segment
42
Pedicel
In cone photoreceptor cells
| Is what is communicating with bipolar cells
43
Color blindness
When a single group of color-receptive cones is missing
Individual can't distinguish some colors
On the X chromosome
44
How does aqueous humor circulate
Made in the ciliary body, circulates around iris, picked up by trabecular meshwork, goes through canal of Schlemm and dumped into vein
45
Canal of Schlemm
Fluid percolates through thin endothelial lining and loose connective tissue
*not directly linked to trabecular meshwork*
46
Episcleral veins
What the aqueous humor eventually drains into from canal of Schlemm
47
Plug up trabecular meshwork
The ciliary body will continue to make aqueous humor and it will build up and squish the retina
48
Glaucoma
Obstruction of aqueous humor -- blockage of canal of Schlemm or inflammation preventing aqueous humor form reaching trabecular meshwork
49
End result of glaucoma
Increase intraoccular pressure
50
Zonular fibers of the lens
Attach to lens on one end and ciliary body on the other
51
3 regions of the lens
Anterior potion, equator of lens, Equatorial region
52
Anterior portion of lens
Epithelial, flattened cells
53
Equator of lens
More elongated cells and a of cell divison
54
Equatorial region
Helps focus image- Cortical lens fibers that liar cells to ciliary body
55
Cortical lens fibers
Squished cells in Equatorial region
56
Cataracts
Opacity of lens caused by Change in solubility of lens proteins
57
Conditions that can increase cataracts
Aging and diabetes
58
Conjunctiva
Lining of inner eyelid and folds over sclera
59
Tarsal glands
Inside the eyelid
| Secretes fluid to help the eyelid float on the eyeball
60
Moll's glands
Sebaceous glands that make eye boogers
61
Two things that make eye boogers
Moll's glands and tarsal glands
62
Red eye (pink eye)
Subconjunctival hemorrhage and conjunctivitis where the conjunctiva swell
63
3 parts of the ear
External, middle, internal
64
Outer ear
Convey sound to tympanic membrane
65
Middle ear
Contains ossicles of ear
Where ear communicated with pharynx
*tympanic cavity*
66
Inner Ear
Where we do the actual hearing and determining the balance of our head
67
Malleus
In middle ear
| Known as the "hammer"
68
Incus
In middle ear
| Between the malleus and stapes
69
Stapes
In middle ear
| Has a foot plate that sits in the oval window and goes in and out of it with the vibrations of the sound stimulus
70
Process of hearing
Sound hits the tympanic membrane which causes vibrations to the malleus, incus, and stapes. The stapes moves in and out of the oval window to move the fluid
71
Function of the tensor tympani m and the stapedius m
To slow down the vibrations
72
Components of the membranous labyrinth
2 small sacs- utricle and saccule
73
Labyrinth membrane
Each membrane lines the actual bony space
74
Innervation to the ear
Vestibulocochlear n -- specifically the vestibular n
75
Peri lymphatic duct
Extends from vestibule (saccule and utricle) to the subarachnoid space
76
Endolympathic duct
Dumps the endolymph into the endolympathic sac
77
Function of vestibule
Spatial awareness
78
How vestibule works
Fluid moves past sensory area that causes special cells to move and depolarize
79
Macula
Sensory receptor areas located in the wall of the saccule and utricle
80
Hair cells
When fluid moves, some hair cells depolarize in one direction while other hair cells depolarize when in another direction
**in saccule and utricle**
81
Kinocilium
Most important thing in producing depolarization or hyperpolarization controlled by ion channels
82
Type I hair cells
Further away from the base of the cupula
83
Type II hair cells
Located more towards the cupula
84
cupula
Glycoprotein-containing structure surrounded by endolymph in the ampulla of the semicircular canal
85
Cochlea
After stapes moves oval window which moves fluid -- fluid goes to cochlea and hits the round window to dissipate what came through the vibration
86
How many parts of the cochlear duct
3 Scala
87
What are the 2 Scala
Scala vestibuli, Scala media, Scala tympani
88
2 Scala with peri lymph
Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani
89
What lymph is in the Scala media
Endolymph
90
What separated the Scala vestibuli and the Scala media
Reissner's membrane
91
What separates the Scala media and the Scala tympani
Organ of corti and the basilar membrane
92
Stria vascular is
Associated with blood vessels in the cochlea
93
Where are the outer hair cells located
On the organ or corti
94
Where are the inner hair cells located
In between the organ of corti and the basilar membrane
95
How are inner and outer hair cells named
In relation to the center of the spiral
96
Tectorial membrane
Anchored to outer hair cells and fluid vibrates around the membrane and causes it to move the hair cells
97
Helicotreama
Vibrations from the Scala tympani go through, hit helicotreama, and then it sends the vibration to round window
98
Unique about Scala media
Vibrations never hit it
99
Outer hair cells vs inner hair cells
Outer are attached to tectorial membrane and inner are NOT
