Key Individuals: Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
Duc d’Aguillon
A
- A liberal noble
- One of the richest landowners in France and helped draw up the August Decrees
- Lafayette’s brother in law
2
Q
Jean-Sylvain Bailly
A
- An Astronomer who was elected as a Third Estate Deputy to the Estates-General
- The first President of the National Assembly and presided over the Tennis Court Oath
- The first Mayor of Paris (1789-1791)
- 17 July 1789: Presented LXVI with a revolutionary cockade, announced the reinstatement of Necker & LXVIs acceptance of the National Assembly, Paris Commune & National Guard
- Lost popularity after the Champ de Mars because he ordered the dispersal of crowds in 1791
- Retired in 1793 but was guillotined after he refused to testify against Marie Antoinette
3
Q
Antoine Barnave
A
- A lawyer who became a deputy in 1789 and gained the reputation as a radical in the National Assembly.
- October 1790: became President of the National Assembly
- A member of the Jacobin club but in 1791 helped found the Feuillants.
- Retired in September 1791
- 1793: Tried and executed.
4
Q
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
A
- A writer imprisoned in Bastille for pamphlets against the Queen and government in 1783-84
- 1789: Became a member of the Paris Commune and launched a newspaper Le Patriote Français
- 1791: Elected to the Legislative Assembly and led the Girondins
- Believed in a revolution beyond France
5
Q
Duke of Brunswick
A
- Commander-in-chief of the Austro-Prussian armies
- An émigré
- Brunswick Manifesto written on the 25th July 1792 but reached Paris on the 1st August
6
Q
Isaac-René-Guy Le Chapelier
A
- National Assembly Deputy
- Proposed the Le Chapelier law of June 1791
7
Q
Marquis de Condorcet
A
- A leading Enlightenment philosopher and mathematician
- Elected to the National Convention and supported the Girondins
8
Q
Georges - Jacques Danton
A
- A lawyer of Enlightenment ideas
- July 1789: Joined the new National guard
- 1790: Helped found the Cordeliers Club.
- Served in the Paris Commune and elected to the Legislative Assembly and became Minister of Justice in 1792.
- Encouraged insurrections and the September Massacres in 1792.
- 1792: Elected to the National Convention and say in the Plain
- Voted for LXVIs death
9
Q
Camille Desmoulins
A
- Lawyer in the Paris Parlement
- Wrote articles for Mirabeau’s paper and gave speeches at Palais-Royal
- November 1789 - July 1791: Editor of Les Révolutions de France et de Brabant which strongly attacked the monarchy
- Leader of the Cordeliers Club
- 1792: Became a deputy in the National Convention
- Voted for the Kings execution
10
Q
Jean-Baptiste Drouet
A
- Recognised LXVI at Sainte-Menehould during the flight to Varenne from coins.
11
Q
General Dumouriez
A
- Proffesional soldier and made a general in 1792
- 13 June 1792: Made Minister of War by LXVI
- Sided with the Girondins
- Won victory at Valmy on the 20th September 1792
- Won victory at Jemappes on the 6th November 1792
- February 1793: Invaded the United Provinces
- Defeated by the Austrians at Neerwinden 18th March 1793 and Leuvan 2st March 1793 where he signed an Armistice
- Considered overthrowing the National Convention but his troops deserted
- April 1793: Defected to the Austrians
12
Q
Frederick-William III
A
- 1797: Came to the throne and supported some enlightened reform in Prussia
- August 1791: Issued declaration of Pillnitz
13
Q
Abbé Henri Gregoire
A
- Elected to the Estates-General for the First Estate
- Supported the formation of the National Assembly and reform of Church abuses
- First cleric to take the oath under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- He became a ‘constitutional bishop’
- Refused to renounce Christianity at the 1794 Festival of Reason
- 1801: forced to resign his bishopric when Napoleon made a Concordat with the Pope
14
Q
Jacques-René Hébert
A
- January 1791-March 1794: Author of Le Père Duchesne, a political satire.
- Influential member of the Cordeliers Club and Jacobin Club
- Member of the Commune
15
Q
Lafayette
A
- 17 July 1789: ( Alongside Bailly) announced the reinstatement of Necker & LXVIs acceptance of the National Assembly, Paris Commune & National Guard
- Helped draft DOROMAC
- Elected commander of the new National Guard of Paris
- Saved royal family from the mobs in October 1789
- Resigned from the National Guard in 1791 after losing popularity
16
Q
Marquis de Launay
A
- The Govenor of Bastille
- 14th July 1489 he refused to give any gunpowder but when the crowd got into the inner courtyard he panicked and shot 93 people
- Surrendered and was murdered by the crowed with his head passed through the streets on a pike
17
Q
Leopold II
A
- Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria (1790–1792)
- Younger brother of Marie Antoinette
- Supported French liberal reforms; opposed return to absolutism
- Promised to aid royal family during Flight to Varennes; stationed troops at French border
- August 1791: Issued Declaration of Pillnitz
- 1 March 1792: Died before France declared war (20 April)
18
Q
Jean-Paul Marat
A
- September 1789 - July 1793: Editor of L’Ami du Peuple where he criticised moderate revolutionary leaders like Lafayette, Mirabeau & Bailly. It was a popular and influential paper among the working people of Paris.
- Supported radical change
- 1792: Became a Montagnard deputy in the National Convention
19
Q
Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau
A
- 1790: Became LXVIs personal advisor
- May 1790: President of the National Assembly
- 2 April 1791: Died which impacted LXVI as he favoured the constitutional monarchy
20
Q
Jacques Necker
A
- Recalled as Director-General of Finances in August 1788
- Dismissed as Director-General of Finances on the 11th July 1789 which helped spark the Storming of Bastille
21
Q
Vicomte de Noailles
A
- Noblemen who proposed the abolition of aspects of feudalism and helped draft the August Decrees
22
Q
Phillipe duc D’Orléans
A
- Joined the National Assembly
- Voted for LXVIs death in 1793
23
Q
Jérôme Pétion
A
- A lawyer who was elected as a deputy to the Estates General
- Associated with Robespierre and acquired a reputation as a radical
- 1791: Elected Mayor of Paris
- 3 August 1792: Went to the Legisaltive Assembly and demanded the abolition of the monarchy on behalf of 47/48 Paris Sections
- September 1792: First President of the National Convention
- Supported Girondins and was expelled from the Convention in June 1793
- Escaped and committed suicide
24
Q
Pope Pius VI
A
- Negotiated with France to retain territories like Avignon, limiting ability to oppose the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- April 1791: Issued a Papal Bull
- Suspended clergy who took the oath, but Avignon was occupied and annexed by France after a plebiscite
25
Maximillien-François de Robespierre
- A lawyer elected to the Estates-General in 1789
- Prominent speaker in the Assembly & Jacobin club and earned a reputation as a radical.
- ' the Incorruptible' was his nickname for his honesty and commitment to revolutionary principles
- Opposed the declaration of war in April 1792
- 4 December 1792: One of the first deputies to argue for LXVIs execution
26
Madame Roland
- Had a Salon that was frequented by Girondin deputies
- 8 November 1793: Executed
27
Abbé Emmanual-Joseph Sieyes
- Proposed the setting up the National Assembly in June 1789 but favoured keeping power in the hands of the bourgeoisie when preparing the new constitution.
- Founded Société de 89
- In favour of Church reform
28
Charles Talleyrand-Perigord
- Joined the National Assembly
- In favour of Church reform
- Supported the Civil Constitution and became a diplomat
- Denounced during the Terror and escaped to the USA
29
Louis XVI
- Sept 1789: LXVI given suspensory veto; laws passed after 3 consecutive legislatures
- King could appoint ministers, but they couldn't sit in the Assembly
- Oct 1789: Titled "King of the French" instead of "King of France"
- Expenditure cut by 20 million livres
- Dependent on Assembly for foreign policy; needed its consent to declare war
- Flight to Varenne 20/21 June 1791
- 16 July 1791: Assembly voted to suspend LXVI until the constitution was completed
30
Marie Antoinette
- Increasingly involved in politics
- Had secret discussions with Mirabeau and Barnave to tru to make the constitutional monarchy work
- Never in favour of the constitution and dubbed it monstrous
- Nicknamed Madame Veto
