Key Period 6 Flashcards
209) Gilded Age
The Gilded Age lasted from the 1870’s to around 1900 it was named so because the rich created a golden age that hid the poor quality beneath it. During this age the rich got richer while the poor became more poor and the middle class grew
210) New Immigrants
The New immigrants were people that came to America from Western and Northern Europe as well as the Far East (China, Japan, etc.)
211) Ellis Island and Angel Island
Ellis Island was the place where immigrants would be allowed into the United States. It was in used from 1892 to 1924 and the first person to pass through Ellis Island was Annie Moore. Angel Island is the West Coast equivalent to Ellis Island but was less accommodating to the immigrants and barely let anyone through
212) American Protective Association
An organization that was created in Iowa in 1887, it was a nativist group expressed outrage at the existence of separate Catholic schools, while demanding, at the same that all public school teachers be protestant
213) Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provide an absolute 10 year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration.
214) Ethnic enclave
An ethnic enclave is a geographic area with a high population of a certain ethnic or people with similar characteristic cultural identity and economic activity
215) Tammany Hall and William “Boss” Tweed
Tammany Hall was a democratic political machine in New York City it was notorious for graft (use of authority for personal gain) and political corruption). Tweed was the most notorious leader of Tammany Hall.
216) Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives
Jacob Riis was an early 1900’s writer who exposed social and political evils in the US which his novel “How The Other Half Lives”. His book exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell’s Kitchen
217) Gibson Girl
The ideal woman as portrayed as Charles Dana Gibson in the stories he wrote.
218) laissez faire economics
Laissez faire economics is a policy where the government does not have any control over trade, meaning little to no regulations, tariffs, etc.
219) Scientific management
A management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it
220) Social Darwinism
Where Darwin’s theory of evolution was applied to society and politics, only the fittest would survive.
221) Vertical integration and horizontal
integration
Vertical integration is when a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor
Horizontal integration is the acquisition of additional business activities that are at the same level of the value chain in similar or different industries. This can be achieved by internal or external expansion.
222) Monopolies trusts and holding companies
Monopoly is exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. Trusts are a legal arrangement whereby control over property is transferred to a person or organization (the trustee) for the benefit of someone else (the beneficiary). Holding Company a form of business which does not create anything itself; instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods
223) War of Currents
The War of Currents was a normal phrase used to describe the competition between the Edison and Tesla electric companies. Edison ended up winning.
224) Robber Baron
an American capitalist of the latter part of the 19th century who became wealthy through exploitation (as of natural resources, governmental influence, or low wage scales)
225) Cornelius Vanderbilt
United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877
226) Andrew Carnegie
He was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for the United States and the British Empire
227) John D. Rockefeller
Rockefeller was a titan of business that monopolized the oil market. His monopolization of oil would lead to his family becoming extremely wealthy. Oil was important because it would be used later to power automobiles.
228) J.P. Morgan
J.P. Morgan was a extremely influential banker that helped organized General Electric, U.S Steel and other major corporations. His modern-day firm is known as JPMorgan Chase.
229) Gospel of Wealth
The Gospel of Wealth was a book written by Andrew Carnegie that advocated the importance of philanthropy where millionaires would give money back to their communities.
The rich have a moral obligation to give away their fortunes beyond what is necessary to supply one’s families
230) Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor were a secret society of unions tht were vertically organized. The Knights of Labor accepted members of all skill levels and sexes. African Americans were accepted as members after 1883 but they strongly supported the Chinese Exclusion Act.
231) American Federation of Labor
The American Federation of Labor had the motto Keep it Simple meaning that they that the workers simply wanted better wages and working conditions. These problems if solved would unite the working class.
232) Great Railroad Strike of 1877
This was when workers that worked for the the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad companies rose up due to wage cuts.
233) Haymarket Riot
This riot was the result of high tensions. There was some beef between the working class and the wealthy business owners. Then some anarchists showed up and raised the tension even more then a bomb went off and 7 policemen died and 8 innocent Germans were arrested. This lead to a loss of all sympathy to workers and a fear of anarchy
234) Homestead Strike
This occurred in 1892 near Pittsburgh where strikers set fire to a river by dumping oil into it and attacked guards with guns and dynamite. It symbolized the decay of the union
