Key Period 7

Question 1

274) The Influence of Sea Power on History

Answer 1

Written by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, hich argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance

Question 2

275) Anglo-Saxonism and the White Man’s

Burden

Answer 2

Anglo-Saxonism is the belief that the White race is superior in comparison to other races. The White Man’s Burden is where the white people decided it was their obligation to improve the other races by teaching them white customs

Question 3

276) Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 3

Ended Japan’s two-hundred year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing American coaling rights in Japanese ports.

Question 4

277) Open Door Policy

Answer 4

Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.

Question 5

278) Annexation of Hawaii

Answer 5

U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free, Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her in 1893, William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898

Question 6

279) U.S.S. Maine

Answer 6

The Ship that blew up due to Spanish mines, not really. It blew up due to an accident on board aka fire in the ammunition container

Question 7

280) Yellow journalism

Answer 7

journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century by Jospeh Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

Question 8

281) Anti-Imperialist League

Answer 8

formed to fight the McKinley administration’s expansionist moves; members included William James, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie; claimed that it was against America’s Democratic ideals to “take over” other lands

Question 9

282) Teller Amendment

Answer 9

act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish misrule, Cuba would be granted its freedom

Question 10

283) Emilio Aguinaldo

Answer 10

Emilio Aguinaldo revolutionary Filipino who commanded Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain; later led Filipinos against the U.S. in 1899 because of their denied freedom after the war

Question 11

284) Rough Riders

Answer 11

group of American volunteers that formed to fight at San Juan Hill in Cuba; many of them were cowboys, ex-convicts, and other rugged men like the Princeton Polo Team. Organized by Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 12

285) Jingoism

Answer 12

Extremely aggressive patriotism

Question 13

286) Platt Amendment

Answer 13

gave the US the right to take over the Island of Cuba if that country entered into a treaty or debt that might place its freedom in danger; also gave the U.S. the right to put a naval base in Cuba to protect it and the US holdings in the Caribbean

Question 14

287) Insular Cases

Answer 14

It was a Supreme Court case where they decided that just because someone lived in a place owned by the US that did not entitle them to the rights of people who lived on the mainland.

Question 15

288) Big Stick Policy

Answer 15

Roosevelt’s foreign policy in a nutshell, he would approach the problem diplomatically then if that didn’t work then he always had his big stick at the ready. Meaning he would intimidate the other nations into agreeing

Question 16

289) Panama Canal

Answer 16

The canal that found a preventative method to malaria, it also cut the shipping time by water for the US by 1/2 leading to a price drop and an even larger consumer culture.

Question 17

290) Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 17

the US would intervene in Latin American and collect debts for Europe it CORRELATES to the Monroe Doctrine which closed Americas to colonization

Question 18

291) Great White Fleet

Answer 18

The nickname given to the US Navy after Roosevelt modernized it and decided to paint all the ships white and send them on a “good will tour” which really was meant to intimidate the other nations

Question 19

292) Gentlemen’s Agreement

Answer 19

The agreement between the US and China where they would stop sending people overseas in exchange for Chinese receiving the benefits of public education

Question 20

293) Sussex Ultimatum

Answer 20

Wilson told Germany that if they didnt stop sinking merchant ships with warning, he would break diplomatic relations. Germany agree to but continued to sink merchant dhips

Question 21

294) Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 21

Zimmerman Note 1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

Question 22

295) Jeanette Rankin

Answer 22

The first Congresswoman who represented Wyoming(?) and voted against not one but both World Wars

Question 23

296) Committee on Public Information

Answer 23

was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared

Question 24

297) Espionage Act and Sedition Act

Answer 24

Espionage Act was a law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1. Sedition Act was added to Espionage Act, this act deemed “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution

Question 25

298) Schenck v. United States

Answer 25

ustice Holmes' claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words "are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger" when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist conscription

Question 26

299) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies

Answer 26

This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

Question 27

300) National War Labor Board

Answer 27

The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts.

Question 28

301) Food Administration

Answer 28

It was a government organization created to stir up a patriotic spirit which encouraged people to voluntarily sacrifice some of their own goods for the war. It helped the war effort by helping create a food surplus to feed America and its allies.

Question 29

302) Fourteen Points

Answer 29

Wilson's statement of principles for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations to end World War I

Question 30

303) Treaty of Versailles

Answer 30

was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure.

Question 31

304) Irreconcilables

Answer 31

A hard core of isolationist senators who bitterly opposed any sort of league; also called the "Battalion of Death"

Question 32

305) Article X and the League of Nations

Answer 32

This part of the Versailles Treaty morally bound the U. S. to aid any member of the League of Nations that experienced any external aggression. League of Nations is an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Question 33

306) The Dawes Plan

Answer 33

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S.

Question 34

307) Washington Disarmament Conference

Answer 34

Meeting held from 1921 to 1922; all naval powers were invited except for Bolshevik Russia. Secretary Hughes laid out a comprehensive plan for declaring a ten-year "holiday" on construction of battleships

Question 35

308) Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 35

agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Question 36

309) Ohio Gang

Answer 36

A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved.

Question 37

310) Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 37

symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation

Question 38

311) Red Scare

Answer 38

a period of general fear of communists, A. Mitchell Palmer convicted many during red scare, general chaos and fear of Russians

Question 39

312) Palmer Raids

Answer 39

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Question 40

313) Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 40

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard; they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, draft dodgers and the courts may have been prejudiced against them

Question 41

314) KKK (1920s)

Answer 41

secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes.

Question 42

315) Emergency Quota Act and National | Origins Act

Answer 42

Emergency Quote Act made it so newcomers/immigrants from Europe were restricted in any given year to a quota, set at 3%.. The National Origins Act was A government legislation that cut down the percent of the Emergency Quota Act from 3% to 2%, and it changed the census used from the 1910 one to that of the 1890 one

Question 43

316) Eighteenth Amendment and the | Volstead Act

Answer 43

Prohibited the non-medical sale and creation of alcohol. Volstead Act established a Prohibition Bureau within the Treasury Department. It was under-budgeted and largely ineffective, especially in strongly anti-prohibition states

Question 44

317) Speakeasies

Answer 44

"Bars" of the prohibition era; these were illicit places of social gathering.

Question 45

318) Scopes “Monkey Trial”

Answer 45

1925, School teacher Scopes accused of teaching theory of evolution and put on trial. Prosecution was William Jennings Bryan and defense was Clarence Darrow. Accused but let off the hook due to technicality

Question 46

319) Henry Ford’s Model T

Answer 46

Car produced by Henry Ford, was highly affordable and was the main thing people used to get out of the house since being independent was more sought after during this era

Question 47

320) Charles Lindbergh

Answer 47

an American aviator, engineer , and Pulitzer Prize winner. He was famous for flying solo across the Atlantic, paving the way for future aviation development.

Question 48

321) Jazz Age

Answer 48

a time when jazz became the most popular genre of music in the United States. It occurred at the time when radio was becoming mainstream. Originally, jazz was played by African-Americans, but eventually it caught on in the white middle class.

Question 49

322) F. Scott Fitzgerald

Answer 49

a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his noval THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.

Question 50

323) Flappers

Answer 50

Flappers carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals

Question 51

324) The Jazz Singer

Answer 51

The first "talkie movie" meaning that it was the first movie to have sound while the movie is playing. The reception to such technology was mixed, some people thought it was witchcraft while others embraced it wholeheartedly.

Question 52

325) The Lost Generation

Answer 52

The Lost Generation is the name given to the generation of people who lived through World War 1. They were given this name because they were so alienated from every other generation due to the atrocities they had to witness that they no longer identified with any one.

Question 53

326) Great Migration

Answer 53

The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks.

Question 54

327) Marcus Garvey and United Negro | Improvement Association

Answer 54

Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican leader of “Negro Nationalism” movement Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Promoted black separatism “Back to Africa” Movement - wanted people to move back "home" Black Star Line - shipping line who hired only blacks

Question 55

328) Harlem Renaissance

Answer 55

Harlem Renaissance: A rebirth of African American culture during the 1920’s Illustrated the struggles and contributions of African Americans Seen in literature, art, music, dance, etc. Causes: WWI and Great Migration

Question 56

329) Langston Hughes

Answer 56

A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance in poems such as "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People"

Question 57

330) Zora Neale Hurston

Answer 57

Wrote: Their Eyes Were Watching God - A book that wanted to prove that stories did not have to focus on white suppression.

Question 58

331) Black Tuesday

Answer 58

October 29, 1929, It was the day that the New York Stock Exchange crashed.

Question 59

332) Reconstruction Finance | Corporation

Answer 59

This agency became a government lending bank. It was designed to provide indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, and railroads.

Question 60

333) Bonus Army

Answer 60

A group of almost 20,000 World War I veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression, who wanted what the government owed them for their services and "saving" democracy

Question 61

334) Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Answer 61

1930-highest tariff in U.S. history. It raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports. It may have contributed to the spread of international economic depression

Question 62

335) Hoovervilles

Answer 62

many families lost their homes because they could not pay their mortgages. These people had no choice but to seek alternative forms of shelter.

Question 63

336) Dust Bowl

Answer 63

Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York. Ruined farms and left many farmers with out crops and money.

Question 64

337) Okies

Answer 64

This was the nickname given to farmers and their families who came from the panhandle regions of Oklahoma or Texas to California in search of the "Promised Land"

Question 65

338) The Three R’s

Answer 65

by FDR; a plan to bring about the recovery of the United States from the effects of the Great Depression: Relief-relieve the suffering of those hit by the depression, Recovery- help the economy recover, and Reform-reforms areas that caused the depression

Question 66

339) The New Deal

Answer 66

President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life.

Question 67

340) First Hundred Days

Answer 67

This is the term applied to President Roosevelt's first three months in taking office. During this time, FDR had managed to get Congress to pass an unprecedented amount of new legislation that would revolutionize the role of the federal government from that point on

Question 68

341) Emergency Banking Relief Act

Answer 68

Gave president the power to regulate banking transactions and open/close national banks. Also to print money whenever it was necessary and took out the Gold Standard

Question 69

342) Fireside chats

Answer 69

The informal radio talks President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had with Americans during the Great Depression. They not only unified America with these nationwide speeches, but he roses American spirits by encouraging Americans through the Great Depression.

Question 70

343) Huey P. Long

Answer 70

Louisiana Governor that wanted to help underprivileged people by improving education, medical care, and public services. developer of the "Share-Our-Wealth" program. limited personal income to $1 million, and inheritance to $5 million

Question 71

344) American Liberty League

Answer 71

Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as "economic royalists" in the campaign of 1936

Question 72

345) National Labor Relations Act

Answer 72

Created the National Labor Relation Board was an administrative board that gave laborers the rights of self-organization and collective bargaining.

Question 73

346) Schechter v. United States

Answer 73

Declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional on three grounds: That the act delegated legislative power to the exectutive; that there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation; and that it sought to regulate the businesses that wre wholly intrastate in character

Question 74

347) Court-packing scheme

Answer 74

This was when FDR tried to add an additional 6 judges to the SCOTUS and was immediately met with heavy criticism due to the imbalance of power that it would create

Question 75

348) Roosevelt Recession

Answer 75

Roosevelt Recession was when, due to FDR's deficit spending, the country entered a recession that was in the Great Depression, giving is Depressionception

Question 76

349) Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 76

the Good Neighbor Policy was a plan to improve relations with Latin-America, by nullifying the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, and Platt Amendment this led to the US pretty much pulling out of South America;s business

Question 77

350) Neutrality Acts

Answer 77

Neutrality Acts pretty much made it so that America officially declares its neutrality in the European conflict. Was significant because the Allies were relying on our help to win the war

Question 78

351) Cash-and-carry

Answer 78

Cash-and-carry was where Britain can buy old weapons but they have to ship them back themselves. Was significant because it pretty was US going against its Neutrality Act without saying so

Question 79

352) Destroyers for Bases

Answer 79

Destroyers for Bases was where the US would give the Allies its destroyer ships in exchange for control over British bases. Another examples of the US not following the Neutrality act

Question 80

353) Lend-Lease Act

Answer 80

Lend-Lease Act pretty much was the US saying in a document, we are gonna let our allies use whatever they want for however long they want free of charge. This was the US finally officially breaking its Neutrality Act

Question 81

354) Atlantic Charter

Answer 81

Atlantic Charter was an official document of friendship between US and Britain, this was significant because now the US had a legitimate reason to join the war

Question 82

355) Four Freedoms Speech

Answer 82

Speech by FDR's State of the Union address. Talked to the public about the importance of the Freedom of speech, freedom from fear, freedom from want, and Freedom of worship

Question 83

356) Pearl Harbor

Answer 83

A Japanese military pre-emptive strike where they thought the American military would be crippled. This ignited American fervor for war and targeted it at the Japanese

Question 84

357) General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 84

The leader of the Allied Forces in the European theatre only. He was the commanding officer for the D-Day invasion of Normandy

Question 85

355) Four Freedoms Speech

Answer 85

The four freedoms are Freedom of speech, Freedom from fear, Freedom from want, and Freedom of worship all of which were used as justifications for going to war with Germany

Question 86

356) Pearl Harbor

Answer 86

The preemptive strike that Japan initiated to the US Navy that was stationed at Pearl Harbor, caused Americans to turn hatred toward Japanese albeit Japanese Americans or regular Japanese people

Question 87

357) General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 87

The commander of all the Allied forces in the European theater. Played an important role in the Africa campaign against the Desert Fox, General Rommel

Question 88

358) Operation Overlord

Answer 88

Another name for the D-Day Invasion of Normandy Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower Had Element of surprise Landing Points: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, Juno Omaha would be the deadliest Over 1 M men ready to go, on that day 25,000 men lost on Omaha alone

Question 89

359) Bataan Death March

Answer 89

Forced march of American and Filipino POWs | Hundreds died along the way, due to starvation, disease, physical, abuse, or execution

Question 90

360) Doolittle Raid

Answer 90

America’s first offensive strike against Japan | Almost killed the Emperor, which would have crushed the Japanese morale

Question 91

361) Battle of Midway

Answer 91

Japan plans surprise attack at Midway Island (essential to supply lines through Australia) U.S. discovers plan and destroys significant portion of Japan’s navy Turning point in the Pacific Theatre

Question 92

362) Island hopping campaign

Answer 92

Island hopping was like a long game war of attrition Purpose: Prevent destructive all-out war with Japan Plan: Get closer and closer to Japan by taking over less fortified Fight -> defeat -> move supplies -> rebuild -> plan next attack Helped avoid Pacific islands surrounded by dangerous coral reef that made movement difficult