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a psych 3/4 > key science skills > Flashcards

key science skills Flashcards

1
Q

Independent variable

A

variable being manipulated

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2
Q

Dependent variable

A

variable being tested

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3
Q

Confounding variables

A

unwanted variables that HAVE affected the DV. EVs that weren’t controlled.

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4
Q

Extraneous variables

A

unwanted variables that MAY affect the DV.

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5
Q

Controlled variables

A

a variable held constant to ensure that the only influence on the DV is the IV

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6
Q

Random sampling

A

ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to be part of the sample

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7
Q

Advantages of random sampling

A

representative population

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8
Q

disadvantages of random sampling

A
  • time consuming
  • need a complete list of the target audience
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9
Q

stratified sampling

A

a sampling technique involving sampling from different subgroups in the same proportions as they occur in the population of interest

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10
Q

advantages of stratified sampling

A
  • enables the researcher to sample specific groups for comparison purposes
  • high representativeness
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11
Q

disadvantages of stratified sampling

A
  • time consuming
  • needs a complete list of the population
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12
Q

experimental group

A

the group that undergoes the experimental condition/s

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13
Q

control group

A

the group that doesn’t undergo the experimental condition/s and is used as a baseline

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14
Q

within subjects design

A

each participant is in both the experimental and control groups/all conditions

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15
Q

between subjects design

A

each participant is assigned to only one group or condition and provides only one score

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16
Q

mixed design

A

an experimental design that combines the features of the within subject and between subjects designs

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17
Q

advantages of within subject groups

A
  • better at controlling participant variables
  • small sample required
18
Q

disadvantages of within subject groups

A
  • doesnt necessarily control all variables
  • participant dropout rate
19
Q

advantages of between subject groups

A
  • low participant dropout rate
  • can be done on one occasion
20
Q

disadvantages of between subject groups

A
  • large number of participants needed
  • less control over participant variables
21
Q

advantages of mixed design

A
  • has strengths of within subjects and between subjects
  • fewer participants are needed
  • more precise results
22
Q

disadvantages of mixed design

A

time consuming

23
Q

participant variables

A

personal characteristics of a research participant that could influence their responses

24
Q

situational variables

A

external factors associated with the experimental setting that may influence responses

25
Q

demand characteristics

A

cues in an experiment that may influence or bias a participant’s response

26
Q

experimenter effects

A

any influence on the results produced by the person carrying out the research

27
Q

placebo effects

A

when there is a change in a participant’s behaviour due to their belief that they are receiving an experimental treatment and they respond according to this rather than to the effect of the independent variable

28
Q

order effects

A

when performance on the dependent variable is influenced by the specific order of an experiment rather than the independent variable

29
Q

single blind procedure

A

a procedure in which participants are unaware of the experimental condition they are in

30
Q

double blind procedure

A

a procedure where both the participants and the experimenter are unaware of the conditions allocated to participants

31
Q

systematic errors

A

errors in data that differ from the true value by a consistent amount

32
Q

random errors

A

errors in data that are unsystematic and occur due to chance

33
Q

personal errors

A

include mistakes, miscalculations, and observer errors when conducting research

34
Q

repeatability

A

the degree to which a specific research investigation obtains similar results when it’s conducted again under the same conditions every time

35
Q

reproducibility

A

how close the results are to each other when an investigation is replicated under changed conditions

36
Q

validity

A

the extent to which psychological investigations truly support their findings

37
Q

internal validity

A

the extent to which an investigation truly measures or investigates what it claims to do

38
Q

external validity

A

the extent to which the results of an investigation can be applied to similar individuals in different settings

39
Q

Accuracy

A

How close it is to the true value of the quantity being measured

40
Q

Precision

A

How closely a set of measurement values agree with each other

a psych 3/4 (5 decks)

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