Kidney

Question 1

Describe general position of kidney

Answer 1

They extend from level of upper border of the 12th thiracic vertebra sup to 3rd lumbar vertebra inf.
Right kidney is 1/2 inch below left

Question 2

The long axis of kidney is directed……., while its inf pole is positioned……

Answer 2

Superomedially
1 inch above iliac crest

Question 3

What is the effect of slopping of paravertebral gutter on kidney postion?

Answer 3

Its anterior surface is directed anterolaterally and its posterior surface is directed posteromedially

Question 4

Describe arrangement of structures in hilum of kidney

Answer 4

Ant: renal vein
Int: renal artery
Post: renal pelvis (pelvis of ureter)

Question 5

The hilum of kidney leads to….. which is lined by…..and occupied by……

Answer 5

Renal sinus
Renal capsule
Renal pelvis & renal vessels

Question 6

Describe posterior relations of kidneys

Answer 6

1. Diaphragm separating it from costodiaphragmatic pleura, 12th rib on rt & 11 & 12 on left.
2. Psoas major (med)
3. Quadratus lumborum (int, separated from kid by subcostal n&v, iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal ns)
4. Transversus abdominis

Question 7

Describe relations of ant surface of right kidney

Answer 7

1. Right suprarenal
2. 2nd part of duodenum
3. Right lobe of liver
4. Right colic flexure
5. Coils of small intestine & ascedning branch of right colic art
   1, 2, 4 are devoid of peritoneum

Question 8

Describe relations of ant surface of left kidney

Answer 8

1. Left suprarenal
2. Spleen
3. Body of Pancreas & splenic vessels
4. Stomach
5. Left colic flexure & beginning of descending colon
6. Coils of jejunum & branches of left colic vessels

Question 9

Write a short note on coverings of the kidney

Answer 9

1. True fibrous capsule
2. Perirenal fat (if absorbed results in ptosis)
3. Renal fascia (surrounds kidney & suprarenal around perirenal fat, continuous laterally with fascia transversalis, medially with fascia around the renal blood vessels, aorta & IVC, sup cont with diaphragmatic facsia, inf it remains free in front & behind the ureter into the pelvis.
4. Pararenal fat

Question 10

The renal arteries arise from abdominal aorta at level of….., it gives……& then divides into…….

Answer 10

L2
Inferior suprarenal art
5 segmental arteries (end arteries)

Question 11

……renal vein recieves 2 other veins before draining into……

Answer 11

Left
IVC

Question 12

Describe lymph drainage & nerve supply of kidneys

Answer 12

N.S.: by renal plexus & lowest splanchnic nerve which are vasomotor in function
LD: lateral aortic LNs

Question 13

Describe projection of kidney to anterior body surface

Answer 13

1. Upper pole, 1 inch from midline opposite upper end of T12
2. The hilum is 2 inches from midline approx. at transpyloric p (L1) slightly medial to tip of 9th costal cartilage, so hilum of rt k is below while lt is above that plane
3. The lower pole is 3 inches from midline opposite L3 vertebra

Question 14

Describe projection of kidney on posterior surface of body

Answer 14

Morris parallelogram:
2 vertical lines, one ince & 3 inches from midline
2 horizontal planes are drawn opposite spines of T11 & L3 vertebrae