KIDNEY FAILURE (QUESTIONS) Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is Acute Renal Failure (ARF)?
A rapid loss of renal function due to kidney damage.
What accumulates in the blood during ARF?
Nitrogenous products (azotemia).
Can ARF occur without reduction in urine output?
Yes, it may occur with or without reduced urine output.
What are the three main categories of AKI etiology?
Prerenal, Renal (Intrinsic), and Postrenal.
What causes prerenal AKI?
Inadequate renal perfusion due to volume depletion or cardiovascular disease.
What are common causes of renal (intrinsic) AKI?
Acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, nephrotoxins.
What is the most common cause of postrenal AKI in men?
Bladder outlet obstruction due to enlarged prostate.
What are common CNS symptoms in AKI?
Drowsiness, headache, muscle twitching, seizures.
What causes lethargy in AKI?
Accumulation of waste products.
What urinary finding may indicate obstruction?
Palpable bladder.
What is the prodromal phase of AKI?
Usually normal urine output.
What defines the oliguric phase?
Urine output between 50 and 500 ml/day.
What happens in the postoliguric phase?
Urine output normalizes; creatinine and urea levels remain elevated temporarily.
What does urinalysis assess in AKI?
Volume, color, specific gravity, pH, osmolality, proteins, casts, RBCs.
What blood tests are used for AKI evaluation?
BUN, creatinine, CBC, ABG, electrolytes.
What imaging can be used for AKI?
Renal ultrasound, KUB x-ray.
When is biopsy indicated in AKI?
When the cause of kidney disease is unclear.
What defines AKI based on creatinine?
Increase ≥ 0.3 mg/dL in 48h or ≥ 1.5 times baseline in 7 days.
What urine output indicates AKI?
< 0.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 hours.
What should nurses assess in urine?
Output amount, color, turbidity, presence of blood.
Why monitor lab results in AKI?
To track renal function and complications.
How can nurses help reduce metabolic rate?
Provide rest, manage fever, reduce stress.
How can infection be prevented in AKI patients?
Use aseptic techniques, monitor for signs of infection.
Why is skin care important in AKI?
To prevent breakdown due to immobility and uremic toxins.
