kin midterm

Question 1

Inequalities

Answer 1

-a fact
-created and maintained through social practices and social constructs; policies, procedures, the way that we provide resources, how diff resources affect specific populations
-unequal access to opportunities from local thru global scale
-lead to one set of people being denied the privilege of other

Question 2

Equity

Answer 2

-Functions under the assumption that each individual or group of people are given the same resources/opportunities
-fair and just distributions of resources to ensure equity deserving populations are given opportunity

Question 3

Diversity

Answer 3

-mix of people in any social space
-recognizes and understands the uniqueness of each individual
-the diversification of the population
-each individual has their own unique background, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality etc.

Question 4

Inclusion

Answer 4

-making of new spaces that are better for everyone rather than bringing them into spaces that already exist or that may be discriminatory

Question 5

Social justice

Answer 5

• the equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society
  -requires significant, fundamental change to oppressive systems and structures

Question 6

Sociological imagination

Answer 6

• broad, macro lens
• looks at how society shapes an individual and how the individual shapes society
  -our individual experiences are shaped by these overarching social factors like - the way we grow up, our experiences, different institutions we are embedded in…
  -C. Wright Mills
  -framework for analyzing how the individual and society interact
  -society is shaped by, and shape different social factors such as- economy, sport, mass media, law

Question 7

Social constructionism

Answer 7

-the production of knowledge
-a critical stance towards “taken for granted” knowledge
-assumes that social life is influenced thru the production of different interactions between people that create knowledge
-knowledge is a product of social interactions
- allows for critical examination of what we think is true

Question 8

Social theories

Answer 8

-theories used to understand how or why specific behaviours, narratives and/or traditions are upheld and practiced
-examples of these theories: feminist theory, discourse theory, risk and risk relation
-we can apply a social theory to better analyze or critique a problem or an issue

Question 9

Personal theories

Answer 9

How we come to understand the world
-narrative, contextual and typically adapts as we age or experience

Question 10

Qualitative (goal of it)

Answer 10

-provide depth through the voices of participants as they relate their lived experiences
-identify and map out how these experiences relate to productions of social issues
-using the data to challenge societal norms and advocate for social change and reform

Question 11

Qualitative literature- academic

Answer 11

-written by the researcher and provide detailed overviews of the background of the topics/issues, methodology, methods, and theory, the themes or topics of interest, and an in depth discussion of how these findings either parallel or challenge our current knowledge

Question 12

Qualitative literature- grey literature

Answer 12

-written by either the researchers or a secondary journalist and provide an abbreviated, succinct, and easily digestible document that allows for a greater audience to engage with.

Question 13

Gender identity

Answer 13

-the way we express ourselves
-the way we think about ourselves in the world
woman<–gender queer–>man

Question 14

Gender expression

Answer 14

-mannerisms, the way we perform, act out our ideas of gender

feminine<– androgynous–>masculine

Question 15

Biological Sex

Answer 15

-at birth- the sex you are assigned with based on genitals
-1.7% of population is intersex

female<–intersex–>male

Question 16

Sexual orientation

Answer 16

heterosexual<–bisexual–>homosexual

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

-socially constructed (knowledge is produced through societal actions, values, and beliefs)
-influenced by ideological formats/formulations, cultural texts, institutional structures and cultural practices
-results in the creation of hierarchy that values certain performances of gender over others
-male preserve= sport serves as a medium for celebrating the achievements of men and promoting the values of masculinity while marginalizing the status of women

Question 18

Patriarchy

Answer 18

-a system of unequal gender roles, identities, and experiences that marginalize women and privilege men
-power and privilege lend greater affordances and outcomes for men compared to women

Question 19

Non-binary

Answer 19

-identity and expression do not fit into the heteronormative binary of masculine and feminine

Question 20

Trans

Answer 20

-sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and expression are not in alignment

Question 21

Intersex

Answer 21

-someone who is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not fit “neatly” into the categories of biological sex of “male” or “female” as typically defined

Question 22

Masculinity

Answer 22

-Hegemonic (idealized) forms of masculinity may result in a number of negative effects on a boys/mans mental, social, emotional, and physical health
-hegemonic masculinity also reinforces male dominance and oppresses other gender expressions (femininity, women and girls)
-these negative outcomes may be referred to as toxic masculinity
-Sport as a “male preserve” – functions under the assumption that physicality is “natural” to boys
-Sport and Physical Education spaces as places where boys can “learn to become men”

Question 23

Femininity

Answer 23

-sport reproduces ideal forms of femininity (specific body types, shapes and forms)
-may have negative effects on a girls/woman’s mental, social, emotional and physical health

Question 24

Importance

Answer 24

-movement culture spaces are often unsafe for LGBTQ+ people due to practices and policies that reinforce heteronormativity

Question 25

Heteronormativity

Answer 25

-A cultural and societal bias, often unconscious, that privileges heterosexuality and ignores or under represents diversity in attraction and behaviour by assuming all people are heterosexual- although 10-12% of the population are LGBTQ+

Question 26

Locker room talk

Answer 26

-reproduces phobic language, misogyny, and fear based harassment towards women, racialized persons and members of the LGBTQ+ community

Question 27

Cheryl Cooke TedTalk

Answer 27

-idea that a year is being named “the year of women in sports” shows that women’s sports are still not considered equal
-As per her study, there has been a decline of the broadcast of women’s sports
-compared mens and women’s basketball broadcasting and it showed that mens stories were broadcasted 120 times and women’s were broadcasted only 9 times
-Mens sports are broadcasted whether or not the sport is even in season
-Mens sports are described as a battle, or thriller, players spoken about as if they are rockstars, or heroes, and they are incredible or sensational.
-Women’s sports stories were delivered in a very bland, straight to the point type of way. They didnt sound interested in the topic at all.
- advertisement showed men being treated or asked the same stupid questions that women are asked during interviews
-only 35/716 covers had a woman on it
-only 11 of those depicted women in the same way as men
-more likely to see women in a bikini than there actual sports wear

Question 28

How might gender be present in everyday life

Answer 28

Behavior
Clothing
Expectations of employment/life ambitions
(Unacknowledged) male privilege
Expected sexual/emotional/romantic partner- Heteronormativity
Body ideals
Language

Question 29

Impact of sports in girls and women

Answer 29

-Continued struggle for media representation and economic support
-Fewer opportunities for women and girls ( athlete, coach, administration, etc)
-Continued narrative that certain sports or activities are “appropriate” for women and girls
-Continued appropriation for cosmetic fitness
-Implementation and continued use of rules, regulations, or changes to game play based on false assumptions and historical narratives

Question 30

Sexuality and sport- Why is it important?

Answer 30

-LGBTQ+ youth drop out of sport and physical education at far higher rates than cisgender, heterosexual peers
-Canadian youth experience more homophobic language in team sport settings than other countries
-LGBTQ+ adults are less likely to participate in sport and physical activity due to negative experiences in their youth

Question 31

Lesbian and gay athletes and coaches

Answer 31

-Experiences of outright homophobia
-Culture of silence; don’t ask, dont tell
-Social isolation if remain in “toxic” sport environment
-Coming out is often presented as having “gone better” than anticipated
-Expectations to fit dominant idea about femininity or masculinity
-Have considered, attempted, or died by suicide
-Improved performance after coming out
-Worried about employment (coaches but also pro athletes)

Question 32

Gendered experiences in eSports

Answer 32

-In 2018, the League of Legends World Championships gathered the views of over 200 million people
-Women report being harassed, threatened, and isolated within the sport
-A two part study was performed to understand the nature of feedback women receive in the eSport community
-In this study, they asked university students (61 women and 31 men), about their experiences with online gaming, finding that there were no reports of criticism based on gender
-In this second study, they randomly observed selected players on Twitch. 170 lines of chat messages were collected from each of the 87 selected streamers . Analysis of the chat revealed that women received more positive comments than men did, however most of these “positive” comments focused on the physical appearance and often objectified the female’s body.
-Females received about 11 times more sexual comments than men did, getting 1 every 2 minutes
-As of 2019, the highest earning male gamer has made over 6.8 million dollars
In contrast, the highest earning female gamers don’t even fit into the top 300 ranking

Question 33

Misrepresentation of female athletes in video games

Answer 33

-in march of 2023 women’s soccer was added to the FIFA video game
- this was seen as a step forward for gender equity in the sport and video game industry
-however athletes we upset when they saw how they were represented in the game and their playing ability
-they are able to show such small details on characters such as tattoos, yet blame the enlarged breast, tiny waist and smoothed out muscles as technological issues
-in some games female athletes perform way less than male characters do, like not even being able to sprint

Question 34

concussions in surf culture

Answer 34

-Concussions are most often associated with contact sport like hockey, football and rugby
-Through a study with 12 canadian surfers, it was found that most of them had little to no understanding of how to deal with or recognize a suspected concussion
-3 main reasons for downplaying their head injury
-Having a limited time to surf at a particular location
-Pressure from other surfers in the water
-To avoid missing out on favorable surf conditions
-Surfers tend to have a risk-taking behavior and want thrill-seeking experiences
-Surfers are willing to fight the concussion if the waves are good
-The experience of the surf outweighed the severity of the injury
-Underlying social, political, (sub)cultural, and environmental factors appeared to influence many of the surfers attitudes

Question 35

brock mcgillis hockey player

Answer 35

-gay semi pro Canadian hockey player
-Wants to persuade kids to change their vocabulary that they use in places like the dressing room
-Throughout his career he adopted a hyper masculine attitude
-Says that many gay athletes never reached their full potential because of reasons around being gay
-Felt so alone that he didn’t see the point of living
-because of the culture of hockey, he never felt like he would be accepted if he came out as gay
-