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uni semester 1 > soci 4 > Flashcards

soci 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Social inequalities

A

-we are not equal but can be treated with equity
-a function of many factors including ethnicity, race, gender, class
-existence of long term differences in access to goods and services among social groups

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2
Q

progression of human societies

A

-august comte
-3 stages
-1. theological stage: people fetishize things and believe in deities
-2. metaphysical stage: similar to theological stage but different in way of abstraction of belief in objective/concrete god
-3. positive stage:
scientific thinking is preeminent

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3
Q

growth and development of human society

A

-both signify progress
-growth is quantitative
-development is qualitative

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4
Q

nature and causes of wealth

A

-Adam smith
-insatiability of human wants
-utilization of resources
-enhanced productivity
-need to increase satisfaction

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5
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

-astronomical population growth
-defends materialism–the view that only material things are real
-social contract (political philosophy)

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6
Q

Marx and webber

A

-main term to talk about social inequality is “class”
-class is relational and reflects the relationship of people

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7
Q

means of production

A

-the resources needed to produce goods
-means of production are capital
-the funds and properties necessary for large scale manufacturing and trading

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8
Q

2 relationships to the means of production

A

-the owner (aristocrats)
-bourgeoisie ( capitalists who own the means of production)
- petty bourgeoisie ( small time owners with little capital)
-the workers (peasants)
- proletariat ( class of workers who succeeded the peasant class of pre-industrialization era)
- lumpenproletariat (small time criminal , beggars, unemployed)

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9
Q

Dialectical materialism

A

-marx
-wrote at height of industrial revolution
-prevalence of laissez-faire market
-struggles between capitalist interests and workers rights

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10
Q

class as social identity

A

-class has a corporate identity
-shared sense of common purpose, class consciousness
-awareness of what is in the best interests of ones class

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11
Q

webers critique of Marx

A

-weber also saw society as divided into economic classes
-thought of social inequality as more about ownership than means of production
-stressed about 3 elements
wealth
power
prestige

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12
Q

wealth

A

-includes factories, properties used to make money and properties that are highly respected by members of society
ex. superbowl quarterbacks- flashy car, expensive house, trophy wife

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13
Q

prestige

A

-degree of respect of an individual, socially valued possessions, master statuses are viewed by majority of people in society

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14
Q

power

A

-ability of individuals or groups to achieve their goals despite the opposition of others

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15
Q

dominant capital class

A

-composed of those who own or control large scale production

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16
Q

middle class

A

-representing a mixed middle category of small business people, educated professionals, credentialed salaried employees and wage earners

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17
Q

Working class

A

-people who lack resources or capacities apart form their own labour power

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18
Q

class division and popular sport

A

-class and sport connected at professional and recreational levels
-sport that offer people form poor socio economic backgrounds opportunities to achieve financial rewards are called mobility sports
-ex soccer, basketball, boxing

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19
Q

social stratification

A

-describes society as though it is divided into a series of layers

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20
Q

stratum

A

-a group to which people belong on the bases of their income, education

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21
Q

strata

A

-used s units of analysis in stratified sampling, research method in which equal samples are drawn from each stratum of the population

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22
Q

quintile

A

-a segment or stratum, representing each of five equal groups into which the population is divided
-income for example, can be measured by comparing the income of quintiles

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23
Q

ideology

A

-a set of beliefs about society and the people in it
-usually forming the basis of a economic or political theory

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24
Q

dominant ideology

A

-set of beliefs put forward and supportive if the society’s dominant culture or class
-ex. trickle down theory- states that if wealthy are given the freedom to generate more wealth, others in society will benefit

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25
Q

neoliberal ideology

A

-dominant ideology that views individuals as independent players on the sociological scene
-downplays concerns over social inequality
-may relsut in blaming the victim
-reflects a belief of social mobility

26
Q

counter ideology

A

-offers a critique of dominant ideology
-challenges it justice and its universal application to societies
-seek to create significant change

27
Q

hegemony

A

-Antonio gramsci
-to explain the prevalence of the dominant ideology
-non coercive methods of maintaining power by the dominant class

28
Q

global capitalism

A

-the global system is made up of the core countries (capital west), the semi peripheral countries of the emerging nations, and the periphery (least developed countries)

29
Q

continued annexation and exploitation

A

-global inequalities are historical- the dominant west is depended on the wealth of the peripheries to develop right from slavery to colonialism, to Neo-colonialism

30
Q

neo-colonialism

A

-the old strategies of colonialism have been rebranded in many ways through the agency of:
multinational companies
aids
non-transfer of technology
democracy education

31
Q

poverty and excess

A

-one indicator of inequality in Canada is food banks
-use of them increased by 28% between 2008 and 2017

32
Q

minimum wage

A

lowest hourly rate a person can be paid

easiest to replace

33
Q

living wage

A

generally represents a target above minimum wage

considered too low for the working poor to live on

34
Q

canadas 1%

A

-1% of the worlds pop controlled 99% of the worlds wealth
-highest paying eco earns more than 189 times that of average Canadian in 2010
-this number increasing suggesting that inequality is increasing

35
Q

dependency theory

A

global capitalism, continued annexation and exploitation, Neo-colonialism

36
Q

race

A

-spurious and controvertible categorization of humans that lack scientific backings
-promotes social inequalities
-development is hampered by racism and radicalizing tendencies
-first applied to humans during European colonial expansion in 16th and 17th centuries
-term reflects biological superiority and inferiority
-established that there is only one race-the human species

37
Q

racialization

A

-social process in which human groups are viewed, judged in terms of their
intellect
morality
values
innate worth
-becuase of perceived differences in physical appearance and cultural herritage

38
Q

visible minority

A

-defined as persons other than aboriginals who are non-white or non caucasian

39
Q

master narrative

A

-story a nation tells about itself to celebrate its past and present
-evolves over time, reproduced
-often gloss over or omit certain unpleasant events that complicate the national self identity

40
Q

race vs. ethnicity

A

race- something you are born into, based on how you look in relation to others
ethnicity -refers to membership of a cultural group that has roots in particular place in the world, distinctive cultural practices

41
Q

study of ethnicity

A

-everyone belongs to atleast one ethnic group
-5 approaches to understand ethnic conflict
essentialism
postcolonialism
epiphenomenal
instrusmentalism
social constructivism

42
Q

essentialism

A

-the view that every ethnic group is defined by a laundry list of traits carried down form the past to the present
-static view of ethnic culture
-culture does not change without the influence of outside forces

43
Q

post colonialism

A

a framework that analyzes the impact colonialism has on both the colonizer and the colonized

44
Q

colonialism

A

the economic and political exploitation of a weaker country or people by a stronger one

45
Q

ethnicity as epiphenomenal

A

-describes a secondary effect that arises but does not causally influence, a separate phenomenon
-suggests that any ethnic conflict is just a byproduct of the struggle between economic classes

46
Q

instrumentalism

A

-focuses on emerging ethnicity rather than on long established ethnic characteristics
-traditionally presented as opposite to essentialism and compatible with epiphenomenal

47
Q

ethnic entrepreneurs

A

elite members who mobilize ethnicity for personal gain

48
Q

social contructivism

A

the view that ethnicity is artificial
-explains how ethnicity is constructed by the elite
-looks at the motivation of the broader group not just the elites

49
Q

indigenous in canada

A

-racialization began in 16th century
-they have been living in Canada for 14,000 years now
-93% of Canada history is indigenous
-indigenous studied as problems not founders

50
Q

indigenous status

A

the people are defied by a complex system of legal statuses that separate them from non-indigenous people
-registered Indian, big-31, Indian, band member, reserve resident, treaty Indian ,Metis,eskimo

51
Q

the black one thousand

A

late 19th century
-many blacks migrated west to be free from prejudice and discrimination
-by 1914 the settlement and migration on blacks had ceased because Wilfred Laurier made a declaration that prohibited any immigrants belonging to the negro race from settling in Canada

52
Q

black pop today

A

-population has declined several times
-in the 1970s the black population began to increase consistently
-the third largest visible minority in the country are blacks

53
Q

asian Canadians

A

-as of 2016 two-thirds of visible minority Canadians were of asian ancestry
-chinese immigrants began to settle on Canadas west coast in mid 19th century

54
Q

head tax

A

-to stall undesirable Chinese immigration
-started at 50 and moved all the way up to 500
-dramatic effect on chinese immigration
-ratio of men to women was 28-1
-women not allowed to work in a place owned by an oriental

55
Q

standpoint theory

A

-argues that the perspective sociological researchers bring to their work is strongly influenced by their social location, gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation

56
Q

W.E.B Du Bois

A

first black sociologist
studied problems concerning africans in the us and elsewhere

57
Q

Daniel g hill

A

first black Canadian sociologist
went to uoft

58
Q

intersectionality

A

-refers to the way different social factors- race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, age- combines to shape the experience of a minorities group
-developed by Kimberly Crenshaw and elaborated by Patricia hill collins
-dimensions fo inequality create an interlocking matrix of domination

59
Q

racism and 4 linked elements

A

1.racialization: construction of certain groups of people as different and biologically superior or inferior
2. prejudice: pre-judgement of others on the basis of their group membership
3. discrimination: differential treatment-rewarded or punished- of individuals based on their group membership
4. power: manifested when institutionalized advantages are regularly handed to one or more group over others

60
Q

different kinds of racism

A
  1. racial bigotry: open, conscious expression of racist views by an individual
  2. systemic or institutional racism: racist practices rules and laws have become institutionalized
  3. polite, smiling or friendly racism: racism hide behind smiles or words that seem friendly, microagressions
61
Q

master narratives and buried knowledge

A
  • racism is often downplayed or omitted in the master narratives that a country constructs about its history
    -historical mistreatment, exploitations and destruction of minorities is excluded form textbooks
    -colonialism is reframed as peaceful co-opperation
    -foucault called this burried knowledge
62
Q

carding and racial profiling

A

-racial profiling is often at play in the practice fo carding in which police stop, question and document people when no offence has been committed

uni semester 1 (14 decks)

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