Kinesiology Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Scientific study of human motion
A
kinesiology
2
Q
The science of movement including active and passive structures.
A
kinesiology
3
Q
Kinesis means
A
movement or to move
4
Q
logos means
A
to study
5
Q
provides a straightforward view of human anatomy and its relation to movement.
A
structural kinesiology
6
Q
Basis from which to describe joint movement.
A
reference position
7
Q
standing upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, palms facing forward.
A
anatomical position
8
Q
the same as anatomical position except arms are at the sides and palms facing the body.
A
fundamental kinesiology
9
Q
front or in the front
A
anterior
10
Q
behind, in back, or in the rear.
A
posterior
11
Q
below in relation to another structure, caudal.
A
inferior
12
Q
above in relation to another structure, cephalic
A
superior
13
Q
beneath or below the surface.
A
deep
14
Q
near or above the surface.
A
superficial
15
Q
situated away from the center or midline, or away from the point of origin.
A
distal
16
Q
nearest to the trunk or the point of origin.
A
proximal
17
Q
on or to the side, farther from the median or midsagittal plane.
A
lateral
18
Q
relating to the middle or center nearer to the median or midsagittal plane.
A
medial
19
Q
Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved,
A
planes of motion
20
Q
Motion through a plane revolves around an axis.
A
planes of motion
21
Q
it bisects the body into 2 equal symmetrical half (right and left).
A
sagittal plane
22
Q
divides the body into front and back
A
frontal plane
23
Q
divides the body into top and bottom.
A
transverse plane
24
Q
The study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.
A
biomechanics
25
The science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement.
biomechanics
26
involves all forces acting on the body being in balance (equilibrium).
statics
27
involves the study of systems in motion while unbalanced due to un equal forces acting on the body.
dynamics
28
dynamics-moving systems.
mechanics
29
the forces acting on the body during movement and the motion with respect to time and forces.
kinetics
30
– branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion.
kinematics
31
Any action or influence that moves a body on influences the movement of a body.
forces
32
Describe as a push or pull exerted by one object on another.
force
33
Also known as tensile stress
tension
34
Occurs when two forces pull an object in opposite directions.
tension
35
Cause the object to stretch (ex. tendons stretched when muscle contracts).
tension
36
Force that pushes or presses an object (ex. when lifting a heavy object the body experience compressive force).
compression
37
A force that moves a bony segment away from its adjacent bony segment.
distraction
38
The force cause separation between bones that make up a joint.
distraction
39
Two forces acting parallel to each other in opposite directions.
shear
40
causes two objects to slide over one another resulting into friction.
shear force
41
Is a loading mode results in the generation of maximum tensile forces on the convex surface of the bent member and maximum compressive forces on the concave side.
bending
42
Occur when forces acting on a structure cause a twist about its longitudinal axis.
torsion
43
The strength of rotation produced by a force.
torque
44
The rotational equivalent of force.
torque
45
– amount of matter that a body contains.
mass
46
property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion in either speed or direction.
inertia
47
force required to move an object in a certain distance.
work
48
formula of work
force x distance
49
unit of work
newton*meter or Joule
50
defined as the rate of work is being done.
power
51
power formula
work/time
52
power unit
Newton-meter/sec or Watts
53
capacity to do work.
energy
54
stored energy.
potential energy
55
energy in motion.
kinetic energy
56
Is a force between two surfaces that are sliding or trying to slide (static friction) across each other.
friction
57
Is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
friction
58
is an idealization of a solid body where the deformations occurring on the body are neglected, the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains a constant regardless of the external force acting upon it.
rigid body
59
three categories of rigid body motion
translational
rotation
general plane motion
60
all the particles that make up the body move along a parallel paths (rectilinear or curvilinear motion).
translational
61
the particles in the body move in parallel planes along circles centered on the axis of rotation.
rotational
62
plane motion that is a combination of translation and rotation.
general plane motion
63
Describes clear movements of bones which are visible from the outside.
osteokinematics
64
They arise from rotation around the joint axis.
osteokinematics
65
Ex. Flexion and extension.
osteokinematics
66
Refers to the movement of joint surfaces.
arthrokinematics
67
The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.
arthrokinematics
68
The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.
arthrokinematics
69
a rotary movement, on bone rolling on another.
roll
70
a rotary movement, one body spinning on another.
spin
71
a translator movement, sliding of one joint surface over another.
slide
72
When a convex joint surface moves on a concave joint surface.
convex on concave
73
The roll and slide occur in opposite directions.
convex on concave
74
When a concave joint surface moves about a stationary convex joint surface
concave on convex
75
The roll and slide occur in the same direction.
concave on convex
76
It is the prime mover. A muscle that causes a desired action; contracting.
agonist
77
It is a muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.
antagonist
78
It is a muscle involved in addition to agonists and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movements and helping the prime mover functions more efficiently.
synergist
79
It is the attachment of the muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the stationary bone, which is usually proximal.
origin
80
It is the attachment of the other muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the movable bone which is usually distal.
insertion
81
forward (anterior) bending.
flexion
82
backward (posterior) bending.
extension
83
an abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion (can result to injury)
hyperextension
84
twisting movement of a body part.
rotation
85
moves limb laterally away from the midline of the body.
abduction
86
moves limb laterally towards or across the midline of the body.
adduction
87
movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body being moved stays stationary while the other end describes a circle.
circumduction
88
is the motion that moves the forearm from supinated position to the pronated position.
pronation
89
the motion that moves the forearm from pronated position to supinated position.
supination
90
lifting the front of the foot, top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg.
dorsiflexion
91
lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward.
plantar flexion
92
turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline.
inversion
93
turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.
eversion
94
anterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.
protraction
95
posterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.
retraction
96
downward movement of the scapula or mandible.
depression
97
upward movement of the scapula or mandible.
elevation
98
brings the thumb and little finger together.
opposition
99
moves the thumb and little finger away from each other
reposition
100
side to side movement of the mandible.
excursion
101
movement of the mandible away from the midline (left or right).
lateral excusion
102
returns the mandible to its resting position at the midline.
medial excursion
103
glenoid cavity moves upward as the medial end of the spine moves downward.
superior rotation
104
downward motion of the glenoid cavity with upward movement of the medial end of the scapular spine.
inferior rotation
