Measurement of Physical Quantities: Fundamental and Derived Flashcards by Franchez Cassandra Escander

Equipment and Materials Needed for Measurement of Physical Quantities

Meterstick
Vernier Caliper
Micrometer
Stopwatch
Cylindrical Hollow Metal Block
Spherical Metal Block
Dynamic Cart
Dynamic Track

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Physics helps us understand the physical universe by measuring fundamental quantities such as

distance
length
time

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can measure internal dimensions using the uppermost jaws, external
dimensions using the lower jaws

vernier calipers

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Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to a hundredth of a millimeter or ho wmany micrometers

10 micrometers

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is a device used widely in mechanical engineering and machining as well
as most mechanical trades for precision measurement.

micrometer

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The spindle of an ordinary metric
micrometer has _ threads per millimeter, and thus one complete revolution moves the
spindle through a distance of 0.5 millimeter.

2 threads

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. Thus, the reading is given by the number of ___ divisions
visible on the scale of the sleeve plus the particular division on the thimble which coincides
with the axial line on the sleeve.

milimmeter

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what is measured for the length

laboratory table (using meter stick)
cylindrical hollow metal block (using Vernier Caliper)
spherical metal block (using Micrometer caliper)

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what mass is measured

cylindrical hollow metal block
sphere

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what is measured for a dynamic cart to travel a distance of 2m

time

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derived quantities measured after experiment

area of table
volume/density of cylindrical hollow metal block and metal sphere
densities by percentage error
speed of dynamic cart

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measure the area of the table if

length = 4.01 m
width = 1.01m

area = 4.05m^2

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measure the radius if diameter is 1.245 cm

0.6225cm

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1m is equals to __ cm

100

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1m is equals to __ mm

1000

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1m is equals to ___ um

1000000

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1m is equals to __ km

0.001km

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formula for volume of hollow cylindrical metal block

V = π (R2 -r2)h

where R = outer diameter
r - lower diameter

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density formula

density = mass/volume

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true value of aluminum

2.71x10^3 kg/m^3

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calculate the volume given

Do = 1.245cm
Di = 0.66cm
H = 8.805cm
M = 21.0g

7.71 cc

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calculate the density given

m = 21.0g
v = 7.71cc

2.72g/cc

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calculate percentage error given

actual density = 2.78g/cc
theoretical density = 2.71/gcc

2.58%

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percentage error formula

measured - actual /actual * 100

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metal sphere volume formula

V = 4/3 π r³

calculate metal sphere volume given diameter = 2.431 cm mass = 67.15g

7.52cc

calculate metal sphere density given mass = 67.15g volume = 7.52cc

density = 8.93g/cc

true value of steel/iron (general)

7.88x10^3 kg/m^3

calculate percentage error given true value = 7.88 g/cc measured = 8.25 g/cc

4.70%

speed formula

s = d/t

calculate speed given d = 2.00m t = 2.83s

s = 0.707 m/s

area for a rectangle formula

l x w

a process of comparing a property of an object with a standard quantity

measurement

a quantitative observation consisting of a number and a scale

measurement

is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard

unit

SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT

English System Metric System International System of Units (SI)

SI means

Le Systeme International d' Unites

Fundamental Physical Quantities in SI units (7)

length [L] time [T] mass [M] electric current [A] amount of substance [mol], temperature [K] luminous intensity [Cd].

unit for time

seconds

unit for length

meters

unit for mass

SI unit for electric current

SI unit for amount of substance

mol

SI unit for temperature

Kelvin

SI unit for luminous intensity

symbol for length

symbol for mass

symbol for time

symbol for electric current

symbol for thermodynamic temperature

symbol for amount of substance

symbol for luminous intensity

prefixes used in the metric system (base unit upwards)

Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hecto Deka

multiply base unit by tera

10^12 (1,000,000,000,000)

multiply base unit by giga

10^9 (1,000,000,000)

multiply base unit by mega

1,000,000 (10^6)

multiply base unit by kilo

1,000 (10^3)

multiply base unit by hecto

100 (10^2)

multiply base unit by deka

prefixes used in the metric system (base unit downwards)

deci centi milli micro nano pico femto

multiply base unit by deci

10^-1 (1/10)

multiply base unit by centi

1/100 (10^-2)

multiply base unit by milli

1/1000 (10^-3)

multiply base unit by micro

1/1000000 (10^-6)

multiply base unit by nano

1/1 000 000 000 (10^-9)

multiply base unit by pico

1 / 1 000 000 000 000 (10^-12)

multiply base unit by femto

1/1,000,000,000,000,000 (10^-15)

1 pound = ___ ounces

1 kilogram = ___ pounds

2.2

1 pound = ___ grams

454

1 ton = ___ pounds

2000

1 liter = ___ quarts

1.0567 quarts

1 mL = __ cm

1 cm

1 gallon = __ liters

3.78 liters

1 gallon = _ quarts

4 quarts

4 quarts = ___ fluid ounces

128

1 quart = _ pints

2 pints = ___ fluid ounces

32 ounces

1 pint = __ cups

2 cups

2 cups = ____

16 fluid ounces

density of water

1.00g/mL

1 inch = ___ centimeters

2.54

1 mile = ___ feet

5280 feet

1 mile = ___ kilometers

1.609

1 yard = ___ feet

3 feet = __ inches

36 inches

1 yard = ___ meters

0.9144 meters

1 meter = _ inches

39.37 inches

1 km = ___ yards

1094 yarsd

1 kilometer = ___ miles

0.6215 iles

1 year = days

365

1 year = months

1 year = weeks

1 day = hours

1 hour = minutes

1 minute = seoncds

1 cal = J

4.184

conversion from C to F

(C*9/5)+32

conversion from F to C

= 5/9(F-32)

conversion of C to K

C + 273.15

pressure units 1 atm = ___ mmHG

760

avogadro's number

6.02x10^23 mole

ideal gas constant R

R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K

speed of light

3.00x10^8 m/s

Planck's constant

= 6.63x10^-3 J.s

the measurement is relevant to the question being investigated; correct conclusions can only be drawn from valid data.

validity

describes how close a measurement to the accepted value.

accuracy

repeatability or reproducibility of a measurement

precision

refers to the agreement among repeated measurements, the “spread” of the measurements or how close they are together

precision

a measure of how far a measured quantity might be from the “ true value”

uncertainty

Common Sources of Uncertainty

effects of environmental conditions on the measurement judgment in reading analog instruments sensitivity of instruments rating or stated calibration of the instrument approximations and assumptions made while doing the measurement variations in repeated readings made under apparently identical conditions

If we say it is 80 km within an accuracy of 1 to 2 km, then 80 has how many significant figures

If it is precisely 80 km, to within ±0.1 km, then we write how many significant figures

3 (80.0km)

(0.745×2.2) /3.885 = answer in siginificant figures

0.42

27.153 + 138.2 – 11.74 = answer in significant figures

153.6

label the parts of vernier caliper

part of vernier caliper that is used for measurement of inner diamete

inner caliper jaws

part of vernier caliper that is used to measure depth

depth gauge (blade)

part of vernier caliper that is the scale on the smaller sliding portion of the caliepr that gives the least significant digits in the reading and subdivides a mark on the main scale into 10,20, or 50m subdivisions

Vernier scale

part of vernier caliper that is the fixed portion of the caliepr that gives the most significant digits in reading

main scale

part of vernier caliper that is used to keep the jaws in place

screw clamp/lock

part of vernier caliper that is used to move the jaws

knurled wheel

part of vernier caliper that is used to measure outside diameter

outside caliper jaws

label micrometer caliper parts

part of micrometer that is the C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to each other

frame

part of micrometer that is thick because it needs to minimize flexion, expansion, and contraction which would distort the measurement

frame

part of micrometer that is the shiny part that the spindle moves toward, and that the sample rest against

anvil

part of micrometer that is the stationary round part with the linear scale on it, sometimes vernier markings

sleeve/barrel

part of micrometer that is the knurled part (or level) that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary, such as when momentarily holding a measurement

lock nut/ thimble lock

part of micrometer that is the shiny cylindrical part that the thimble causes to move toward the anvil

spindle

the part of the one's thumb turns, with graduated markings

thimble

device on one end of handle that limits pressure by slipping at a calibrated torque

ratchet

Measurement of Physical Quantities: Fundamental and Derived Flashcards

(132 cards)