Kinetics 11.5 - 14.5

Question 1

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Effect is not linearly proportional to the concentration.

Answer 1

IMMEDIATE EFFECT

Question 2

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Due to distributional delay

Changes in drug effects are often delayed in relation
to changes in plasma concentration

Answer 2

DELAYED EFFECT

Question 3

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Directly related to concentration

Because the relationship between drug concentration and effect is not linear the effect will not be linearly
proportional to the concentration

Answer 3

IMMEDIATE EFFECT

Question 4

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Delayed expression of the physiologic substance
needed for the effect

A common reason for more delayed drug
effects—especially those that take many hours or
even days to occur—is the slow turnover of a
physiologic substance that is involved in the
expression of the drug effect

Answer 4

DELAYED EFFECT

Question 5

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Constant infusion

Answer 5

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

Question 6

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Aminoglycosides causes renal toxicity if given constantly

The effect of many drugs used to treat cancer also
reflects a cumulative action—eg, the extent of
binding of a drug to DNA is proportional to drug
concentration and is usually irreversible.

Answer 6

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

Question 7

TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECTS

Intermittent dosing only

Answer 7

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

Question 8

Plan for drug administration over a period of time

Answer 8

DOSING REGIMEN

Question 9

Achievement of therapeutic levels of the drug in the body without exceeding the minimum toxic concentration

Answer 9

DOSING REGIMEN

Question 10

Goal is to achieve therapeutic levels: maximal effect,
least

Answer 10

DOSING REGIMEN

Question 11

DOSING REGIMEN

Based on therapeutic window

Answer 11

Toxicities

Question 12

DOSING REGIMEN

to maintain plasma
concentration over periods of time

Answer 12

Maintenance Doses

Question 13

DOSING REGIMEN

to achieve target plasma level rapidly

Answer 13

Loading Dose

Question 14

is based on the assumption that there is a target concentration that will produce the desired therapeutic effect.

By considering the pharmacokinetic factors that
determine the dose-concentration relationship, it is
possible to individualize the dose regimen to
achieve the target concentration.”

Answer 14

rational dosage regimen

Question 15

a poisonous compound present
in the foxglove and other plants

Answer 15

digoxin

Question 16

Desired therapeutic effects are produced

In the achievement of this therapeutic levels the
drug without causing adverse reactions

Answer 16

TARGET CONCENTRATION

Question 16

It is a steroid glycoside and is used in small
doses as a cardiac stimulant

Answer 16

digoxin

Question 17

is the concentration that
reflects a balance between the beneficial and
adverse effects. ”

Answer 17

TARGET CONCENTRATION

Question 18

Doses per day is determined by:
○ Half life
○ Therapeutic window

Maintenance/Loading

Answer 18

MAINTENANCE DOSAGE

Question 19

Maintain a concentration higher than minimum therapeutic level at all times

Maintenance/Loading

Answer 19

MAINTENANCE DOSAGE

Question 20

Dose needed to maintain a steady state of concentration

Maintenance/Loading

Answer 20

MAINTENANCE DOSAGE

Question 21

Maintain plasma concentration within a specified range over long periods of therapy

Maintenance/Loading

Answer 21

MAINTENANCE DOSAGE

Question 22

Enough drugs to replace eliminated drugs

Maintenance/Loading

Answer 22

MAINTENANCE DOSAGE

Question 23

is the most important parameter defining rational drug dosage

Answer 23

Clearance

Question 24

is the most important pharmacokinetic parameter to be considered in defining a rational steady-state drug dosage regimen

Answer 24

Clearance

Question 24

is large, the dose should be given slowly to prevent toxicity due to excessively high plasma levels during the distribution phase. | Maintenance/Loading

Answer 24

Loading Dosage

Question 25

For drugs with long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state | Maintenance/Loading

Answer 25

Loading Dosage

Question 26

Given to promptly raise the concentration of the drug to the target concentration | Maintenance/Loading

Answer 26

LOADING DOSAGE

Question 27

# LOADING DOSAGE T/F: If the therapeutic concentration must be achieved rapidly and the volume of distribution is large, a large loading dose maybe needed at the onset of therapy

Answer 27

True

Question 28

It takes how many half lives to reach a the steady state ## Footnote For example your drug needs a 12 hour half life it means that you will need to wait 48 hours for it to reach the steady. So hindi ka pwede magantay ng mahabng oras, for example infection, bacteria in just a few hours will already multiply, if you will wait 24-48 hours maybe the immune system of the patient will already succumb. ● That’s why loading dose are given to increase and raise the concentration to the target effector levels. Here what is important in the primary parameter would be the volume of distribution of your drug.

Answer 28

4

Question 29

# THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING PHARMACOKINETIC VARIABLES (4)

Answer 29

1. ABSORPTION 2. CLEARANCE 3. VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION 4. HALF LIFE