QUIZLET Unit 3 - Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Volume of distribution measures the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug.

T/F

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Hepatic elimination on bioavailability.

Answer 2

first pass effect

Question 3

most convenient route

Answer 3

oral

Question 4

route of administration that is Usually very slow absorption

Answer 4

transdermal

Question 5

Reflect the time required for the drug to distribute from plasma to the site of action.

Answer 5

delayed

Question 6

Also known as nonlinear elimination.

Answer 6

capacity-limited

Question 7

Drug effects that are directly related to plasma concentration.

Answer 7

immediate

Question 8

Type of effect seen for almost all drugs.

Immediate Effects
Delayed Effects
Cumulative Effects
All of the given
None of the given

Answer 8

delayed

Question 9

route of administration that may be painful

Answer 9

intramuscular, subcutaneous

Question 9

changes in drug effects are often delayed in relation to changes in ______ ______

Answer 9

plasma concentration

Question 10

t/f “Pharmacokinetics governs the concentration-effect part of the interaction, whereas pharmacodynamics deals with the dose-concentration part.”

Answer 10

false

Question 10

t/f

The standard dose of a drug will be suitable for all patients.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

Pharmacokinetic variable/s.

clearance
volume of distribution
both
neither

Answer 11

both

Question 12

“At steady state, the dosing rate (rate in) must equal the rate of elimination (rate out)”

Answer 12

maintenance dose

Question 12

Calculated from the dose divided by the AUC.

Answer 12

clearance

Question 12

t/f “Drugs absorbed from suppositories in the lower rectum enter vessels that drain into the inferior vena cava, thus bypassing the liver.”

Answer 12

true

Question 13

t/f

“At concentrations that are high relative to the Km, the elimination rate is almost independent of concentration, a state of pseudo-zero order elimination.”

Answer 13

true

Question 14

“Blood flow to the organ is the main determinant of drug delivery, but plasma protein binding and blood cell partitioning may also be important for extensively bound drugs that are highly extracted.”

Answer 14

true

Question 15

true or false

The ratio of the rate of elimination of the drug compared to the plasma drug concentration defines volume of distribution.

Answer 15

false

clearance toh!!!

Question 15

80 to 100% Bioavailability.

Oral
IV
IM
SC
Transdermal

Answer 15

transdermal

Question 15

Just enough drug is given in each dose to replace the drug eliminated since the preceding dose.

Maintenance dose
Loading dose
Both
neither

Answer 15

maintenance dose

Question 16

Also known as saturable elimination.

Answer 16

capacity-limited elimination

Question 16

t/f

Volume distribution is the ratio of the amount of the drug in the body compared to the plasma concentration

Answer 16

true

Question 16

type of dose wherein The volume of distribution is the most important proportionality factor.

Maintenance dose
Loading dose

Answer 16

loading dose

Question 17

Greater when administered as a constant infusion than with intermittent dosing.

Answer 17

none of the given

Question 18

The measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug.

Answer 18

volume of distribution

Question 19

Due to the slow turnover of a physiologic substance that is involved in the expression of the drug effect

Answer 19

delayed effects

Question 19

t/f Systemic clearance is affected by bioavailability.

Answer 19

false

Question 20

t/f "The standard dose of a drug is based on trials in healthy volunteers and patients with the average ability to absorb, distribute, and eliminate the drug."

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 20

Volume of distribution is the ratio of the amount of the drug in the body compared to the plasma concentration True False

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Also known as concentration-dependent elimination

Answer 21

capacity limited elimination

Question 22

Determined by the site of administration and the drug formulation.

Answer 22

rate of absorption

Question 23

75 to ?100% Bioavailability.

Answer 23

sc, im

Question 23

The factor that predicts the rate of elimination in relation to the drug concentration Clearance Volume of distribution both neither

Answer 23

clearance

Question 24

Less first-pass effect than oral.

Answer 24

rectal

Question 25

Most rapid onset Intravenous (IV) Intramuscular (IM) Subcutaneous (SC) Oral (PO) Rectal (PR) Inhalation Transdermal

Answer 25

Intravenous (IV)

Question 25

Drug effects that are directly related to plasma concentrations Immediate Effects Delayed Effects Cumulative Effects All of the given None of the given

Answer 25

Immediate Effects

Question 25

Also known as mixed-order elimination. capacity limited elimination flow limited elimination both neither

Answer 25

capacity limited elimination

Question 26

t/f "Suppositories tend to move upward in the rectum into a region where veins that lead to the liver predominate, thus only about 50% of a rectal dose can be assumed to bypass the liver."

Answer 26

true

Question 27

"The pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, and elimination determine how rapidly and for how long the drug will appear at the target organ." True False

Answer 27

false

Question 27

The hepatic first-pass effect can be avoided to a great extent by, EXCEPT " Sublingual tablets Transdermal patches Rectal suppositories Oral tablets

Answer 27

Oral tablets

Question 27

Effective drug concentration is the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. True False

Answer 27

true

Question 27

Drug elimination pathways when blood flow to an organ does not limit elimination. capacity limited elimination flow limited elimination both neither

Answer 27

capacity limited elimination

Question 27

Target Concentration Design for Dosage Regimen Maintenance Dose Loading Dose both neither

Answer 27

both

Question 28

time it takes for the amount of the drug falls to half of the earlier measurement is known as Steady state concentration Dosing regimen Half-life Elimination time

Answer 28

Half-life

Question 29

The measure of the ability of the body to eliminate the drug Clearance Volume of distribution Half-life Bioavailability

Answer 29

Clearance

Question 29

t/f Males metabolize drug faster than females

Answer 29

true

Question 30

attacks the heme Enzyme inducer Enzyme inhibitor

Answer 30

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 31

classified as suicide inhibitors Enzyme inducer Enzyme inhibitor

Answer 31

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 32

reduces rate of degradation of p450 enzymes Enzyme inducer Enzyme inhibitor

Answer 32

Enzyme inducer

Question 33

Bioavailability is dependent on the following factors EXCEPT: Extent of absorption First pass effect Site of administration Elimination

Answer 33

Elimination

Question 33

Blood cell partitioning is the main determinant of drug delivery, but plasma protein binding and blood flow to the organ may also be important for extensively bound drugs that are highly extracted true/false

Answer 33

false kasi BLOOD FLOW to the organ is the main determinant for drug delivery

Question 33

true / false "At concentrations that are high relative to the Km, the elimination rate is almost independent of concentration a state of first order elimination."

Answer 33

false

Question 33

affected by drug delivery as well as plasma protein binding and blood cell partitioning Capacity limited elimination Flow limited elimination Both Netiher

Answer 33

Flow limited elimination

Question 33

Used for drugs with long half-lives Maintenance dose Loading dose Both neither

Answer 33

loading dose

Question 33

1. systemic clearance 2. bioavailability directly proportional inversely proportional no relation

Answer 33

no relation

Question 33

Hyperthyroidism speeds up the metabolism of drugs true false

Answer 33

true

Question 33

GOAL: Maintain a concentration higher than minimum therapeutic level at all times Maintenance dosage Loading dosage

Answer 33

Maintenance dosage

Question 33

hepatic first past effect is avoided to a greater extent in?

Answer 33

transdermal, sublingual tablets

Question 33

drugs with _____ ______ ______ ratio have large 1st pass effect

Answer 33

high hepatic extraction ratio

Question 33

major source of drug elimination

Answer 33

kidneys, liver

Question 33

Drugs absorbed from suppositories in the lower rectum enter vessels that drain into the _______, thus bypassing the liver

Answer 33

inferior vena cava

Question 33

rate if absorption is determined by?

Answer 33

site of administration

Question 33

Plan for drug administration over a period of time

Answer 33

dosage regimen

Question 33

fraction of the drug removed from the perfusing blood during passage to the organ

Answer 33

extraction

Question 33

hepatic first past effect is avoided to a lesser extent in?

Answer 33

rectal suppositories

Question 33

Dose needed to maintain a steady state of concentration

Answer 33

maintenance dose

Question 33

Desired therapeutic effects are produced

Answer 33

dosage regimen

Question 34

Maintain plasma concentration within a specified range over long periods of therapy Maintenance dosage Loading dosage

Answer 34

Maintenance dosage

Question 34

For drugs with long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state Maintenance dosage Loading dosage

Answer 34

Loading dosage

Question 34

_______ is the most important parameter in defining rational drug dosage

Answer 34

clearance

Question 34

More highly protein bound drug will displace the less protein bound drug true or false

Answer 34

true

Question 34

what is the plan for drug administation over a period of time

Answer 34

dosing regimens

Question 34

Volume of distribution (Vd) is important Maintenance dosage Loading dosage

Answer 34

Loading dosage

Question 34

Given to promptly raise the concentration of the drug to the target concentration Maintenance dosage Loading dosage

Answer 34

Loading dosage

Question 34

Type of dose used for drugs with very long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state Maintenance dose Loading dose

Answer 34

Loading dose

Question 34

1. rate of plasma drug concentration 2. rate of elimination directly proportional inversely proportional no relation

Answer 34

directly proportional

Question 34

1. rate of elimination 2. rate of drug concentration directly proportional inversely proportional no relation

Answer 34

inversely proportional

Question 34

rate of infusion = rate of elimination

Answer 34

steady state

Question 34

Which is important in loading dose? Volume of distribution (Vd) Clearance (CL)

Answer 34

Volume of distribution (Vd)

Question 34

how much time does it take to reach steady state

Answer 34

4 half lives

Question 34

acidic drugs bind to what type of plasma protein?

Answer 34

albumin

Question 34

basic drugs bind to what type of plasma protein?

Answer 34

alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

Question 34

Which is important in maintenance dose? Volume of distribution (Vd) Clearance (CL)

Answer 34

Clearance (CL)

Question 34

Fraction or percentage of the drug removed from the perfusing blood during passage through the organ.

Answer 34

extraction ratio

Question 34

How many percent of the drug is cleared after 4 half lives?

Answer 34

94%

Question 34

Creatinine clearance is a good indicator of _____ function

Answer 34

renal

Question 34

MTC determines the permissible ____ plasma concentration

Answer 34

peak

Question 34

MEC determines the desired _____ levels of a drug given intermittently

Answer 34

trough