kingdom protista Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
is this prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
has nucleiod
circular DNA that floats aound cell
simpler DNA
No membrane bound organelles
typically much smaller
divide y binary fission
typically unicellular
anearobic and aerobic
A
prokaryotic
2
Q
is this prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
has nucleus
has linear DNA that is held in teh nucleus
has cmplex DNA
Membrane boudn organelles
typically much larger
divide by mitosis and meiosis
typically multicellular
aerobic
A
eukaryotic
3
Q
7 things ekurayotes and prokaryotes have in common
A
- chromosomes
- DNA as genetic material
- ribosome
- cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
- sometimes have cell walls
- vacoules
4
Q
what does the acronym DORA mean?
A
DNA
ORGANNELES
REPRODUCTION
AVERAGE SIZE
5
Q
here DNA is naked
A
prokaryotes
6
Q
3 characteristice of DNA of prokaryotes
A
- DNA is naked
- dna is circular
- usually no introns
7
Q
3 characteristics of DNA in Eukaryotes
A
- DNA bound to protein
- dna is linear
- usually has introns
8
Q
3 characteristics of prokaryotes organelles
A
- no nucleus
- no membrane-boun
- 70S ribosomes
9
Q
3 characteristics of eukaryotes organelles
A
- has nucleus
- membrane-bound
- 80S ribosomes
10
Q
what is the reproduction of prokaryotes
A
through binary fission and has single chromosome (haploid)
11
Q
what is the reproduction of eukaryotes
A
- through mitosis and meiosis there chromosomes are paired (diploid or more)
12
Q
average size of prokaryotes
A
smaller (~1-5um)
13
Q
what is the average size of eukaryotes
A
larger (~10-10 um)
14
Q
First Eukaryotes to evolve ~ 1.5 Billion years
ago
A
PROTISTS
15
Q
they are Unicellular and multicellular
A
PROTISTS
16
Q
they Can live in colonies
and Live any where there is water – lakes, oceans,
damp soil, sand, leaf litter
A
PROTISTS
17
Q
classification of protists
A
kingdom - protists
subkingdom - protozoa
18
Q
what is the subkingdo of protists
A
protozoa
19
Q
proto means
A
first
20
Q
what does zoa mean
A
animal
21
Q
they are
üSingle celled organisms
üContain organelles to carry specific functions
A
protozoa
22
Q
domain of protists
A
eukarya
23
Q
kingdom of protists
A
protista
24
Q
they Cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi
A
PROTISTS
25
– Most are unicellular, not all!
protists
26
they could be split into as many as a dozen kingdoms
protists
27
kingdom protista include some ---
autotrophic groups
28
they are definable only as a confederation of
eukaryotes lacking the tissue level of organization seen
in plants, animals, and fungi.
Protists
29
their cells may contain a single nucleus or many
nuclei;
protist
30
they range in size from microscopic to
thousands of meters in area.
Protist
31
may have animal-like cell membranes,
Protists
32
may have plant-
like cell walls, or may be covered by a pellicle.
Protists
33
2 ways protists eat
phagocytosis
photosysthesis
34
3 things that can help protists move
cilia
flagella
pseudopodia
35
Although the term "protozoa" has been
around for nearly
200 years
36
it does not define a monophyletic assemblage
meriting single-phylum status
protozoa
37
who is generally credited with
being the first person to report seeing protists,
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
38
year Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovered protist
1675
39
was the first to describe a
number of microscopic aquatic life forms (e.g.,
rotifers), referring to them as animalcules
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
40
(little
animals).
animalcules
41
The name protozoon (Greek, proto, "first"; zoon,
"animal") was coined by
Goldfuss
42
year protozoon was coined
1818
43
a subgrouping of a huge assemblage of animals known at that time as the Zoophyta (protists, sponges, cnidarians, rotifers, and others).
protozoon
44
Following the discovery of cells in
1839
45
when did the
distinctive nature of protists became apparent.
1839
46
he restricted the name Protozoa to apply to all
unicellular forms of animal life.
von Siebold
47
year when restricted the name Protozoa to apply to all
unicellular forms of animal life.
1845
48
great naturalist who
united the algae and protozoa into a single group,
the Protista
Ernst Haeckel
49
standard classification scheme
developed for the heterotrophic protists, or
"protozoa“
* This scheme was based on the idea that the
different groups could be classified primarily
by their ----------- and ----------
modes of nutrition and locomotion
50
Most protists are
free-living
51
5 things under life cycles of protists
– Most protists are free-living
– Some are parasitic
– Asexual reproduction common
– Sexual reproduction may occur when conditions
deteriorate
– Some life cycles simple, many extremely
complex
52
what types of reproduction may occur when conditions deteriorate
Sexual reproduction
53
what type of reproduction is common ins protists
Asexual reproduction
54
Vary in size from microscopic algae and
protozoans to kelp more than 200 m in length
protists
55
common length of kelp
200 m
56
3 things that help maintain structure of protists
- pellicle
- ectoplasm
- endoplasm
57
rigid microtubules,
maintains shape
Pellicle
58
it is outside cytoplasm
Ectoplasm
59
it is inside cytoplasm
Endoplasm
60
Water enters protozoa
through
osmosis
61
what helps maintains water and
solute balance
Contractile vacuole
62
3 types of movement of protists
- Pseudopodia
- Cilia
- Flagella
63
pseudo means
false
64
pod means
foot
65
pseudopodia means
"false foot"
66
it is an Extension of cytoplasm
Pseudopodia
67
has:
ü Hairlike protein fibers
ü Movement and attachment
Cilia
68
a Thin protein whip
Flagella
69
it Rotates or whips back and forth
Flagella
70
4 types of lifestyle of protists
Symbiosis
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
71
– one organism lives in close
association with another organism
Symbiosis
72
live in or on a host that is usually
harmed
Parasitism
73
one member benefits and
host is not harmed
Commensalism
74
both species benefit
Mutualism
75
Photoautotrophic forms of protists:
– Produce oxygen
– Function as producers in both freshwater and
saltwater ecosystems
– Major component of plankton
76
* Organisms that are suspended in the water
* Serve as food for heterotrophic protists and animals
plankton
77
----- and ------ of protists are not protected from drying out
Gametes and zygotes
78
they Do not have chitin in their cell wall
Protists
79
undergo embryonic development
animals
80
have chitin in their cell wall
fungi
81
they Do not undergo embryonic development
Protists
82
COULD BE SPLIT IN A 12 DIFFERENT KINGDOMS
NOW 6 SUPERGROUPS
Protists
83
6 supergorups of protists
ARCHAEPLASTIDS
CHROMALVEOLATES
EXCAVATES
AMOEBAZOANS
RHIZARIANS
OPISTHOKONTS
84
features of archaeplastids
plastids
unicellular
colonial
multuicellular
85
members of archaeplastids
green algae
red algae
land plants
charophytes
86
feutures of chromalveolates
most ith plastids, unicellular and multicellular, alveoli suppoer plasma membrane
87
members of chromalveolates
stramenopiles, brown algae, diatoms, golden brown algae, water molds, alveolates, ciliates, apicomplexans, dinoflaggelates
88
features of excavates
feeding groove, unique flagella, unicellular
89
members of excavates
euglenids, kinetoplastids, parabasilids, diplomanads
90
features of amoebazoans
pseudopods and unicellular
91
members of ameobazoans
amoeboids, plasmodial, and cellular slime molds
92
features of rhizarians
thin pseudopods, some with tests, unicellular
93
members of rhizarians
foraminiferans and radiolarians
94
features of opisthokonts
some with flagella, unicellular, and colonial
95
members of opisthokonts
choanoflaggelates, animals, nuclearlids, fungi
96
3 modes of nutrition
plant-like
animal-like
fungi-like
97
Plant-like mode of nutrition
photoautotrophs
98
animal-like mode of nutrition
heterotrophs by ingestion or parasites
99
fungi-like mode of nutrition
heterotrophs by
absorption - Some are mixotrophic * Combine autotrophic
100
Combine autotrophic and
heterotrophic nutritional modes
mixotrophic
101
(locomotion with
flagella)
Mastigophora
102
(locomotion with cilia)
Ciliophora
103
(locomotion with pseudopodia)
Sarcodina
104
(parasites with no obvious locomotory
structures)
Sporozoa
105
Flagellated protists were further divided into:
zooflagellates and phytoflagellates
106
(Flagellated protists which are heterotrophs)
zooflagellates
107
(Flagellated protists with photosynthetic autotrophs).
phytoflagellates
108
phylum of euglenids or euglena
PHYLUM EUGLENIDA
109
phylum of didinium, paramecium and vorticella
PHYLUM CILIOPHORA
110
phylum of plasmodium
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA
111
phylum of zooxanthella
PHYLUM DINOFLAGELLATA
112
phylum of diatoms, brown
PHYLUM STRAMENOPILA
113
phylum of amoeba and entamoeba
PHYLUM RHIZOPODA
114
phylum of giardia
PHYLUM DIPLOMONADIDA
115
phylum of trichomonas
PHYLUM PARABASILIDA
116
phylum of green algae and volvox
PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA
117
phylum of opalina
PHYLUM OPALINIDA
117
A colony is a loose association of
independent cells
Volvox
118
example of green algae
Volvox
119
A hollow sphere
Volvox colony
120
5 characteristics of A Volvox colony:
– A hollow sphere
– Thousands of cells arranged in a
single layer surrounding a watery
interior
– Each cell of colony resembles a
Chlamydomonas cell
– Flagella beat in a coordinated
fashion
– Some cells are specialized for
reproduction
121
example of yellow-green algae or the chrysophyta
Diatoms
122
(formerly Bacillariophyta)
are the most numerous unicellular
algae in the oceans
Diatoms
123
it is the Significant portion of
phytoplankton
Diatoms
124
cell wall of diatoms have ----- and ---
Two valves and silica
125
3 ways Diatomaceous earth are used as
– Filtering agents
– Sound-proofing materials
– Polishing abrasives
126
Small freshwater unicellular
organisms
Euglenoids
127
Have two flagella and an
eyespot (photoreceptor)
Euglenoids
128
an eyespot acts as a
(photoreceptor)
129
chloroplasts of euglonoids have
three rather than two membranes
AND
pyrenoid
130
produces
an unusual type of carbohydrate
called paramylon
pyrenoid
131
* Colorless heterotrophs
* Most symbiotic and many parasitic
Zooflagellates
132
Well known for causing various diseases in humans
Zooflagellates
133
3 examples of zooflagellates
-Trypanosoma
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
134
2 kinds of Trypanosoma
Tsetse fly
Kissing bug
135
causes African sleeping sickness
Tsetse fly
136
causes Chagas disease
Kissing bug
137
Most common flagellate in human digestive tract
Giardia lamblia
138
Causes severe diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
139
Cysts are transmitted in contaminated water
Giardia lamblia
140
Beavers are important reservoir hosts for this kindof zooflaggelate
Giardia lamblia
141
Sexually transmitted protist,
Trichomonas vaginalis
142
Infects urogenital organs; a common cause of vaginitis
Trichomonas vaginalis
143
are protists that
move and ingest their food with
pseudopods
Amoeboids
144
They use phagolysosomes to
digest food
Amoeboids
145
a parasite of the human colon;
Entamoeba histolytica
146
a parasite that causes amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
147
beat in coordinated rhythm
cilia/ciliates
148
Most are holozoic, swallowing food whole
Ciliates
149
Divide by transverse binary fission during
asexual reproduction
Ciliates
150
has Two nuclei of differing types
Ciliates
151
Two nuclei of differing types of Ciliates
Micronucleus and Macronucleus
152
Heredity nuclei differing type
Micronucleus
153
Metabolism nuclei differing type
Macronucleus
154
their Body in the form of a plasmodium
Plasmodial Slime Molds
155
they Feed like fungi and make spores but no cell wall and they have flagellated cells
Slime Molds
156
they are:
* Diploid, multinucleated, cytoplasmic mass
* Enveloped by a slimy sheath
Plasmodial Slime Molds
157
Eventually produces sporangium which in turn produces
spores
Plasmodial Slime Molds
158
phylum of Plasmodial Slime Molds
Phylum Myxomycota
159
what is sporangium
it produces spores
160
– Body in the form of individual amoeboid cells
Cellular Slime Mold
161
Later aggregate into pseudoplasmodium which then
forms sporangium & spores
Cellular Slime Mold
162
# ```
```
phylum of Cellular Slime Mold
Phylum Acrasiomycota
163
2 types of slime molds
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Cellular Slime Mold
