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kines final > knee articulation > Flashcards

knee articulation Flashcards

1
Q

primary function

A

functional lengthening and shortening of the lower limb

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2
Q

stability function

A

supports the body during both static and dynamic activities

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3
Q

the knee joint is also called

A

tibiofemoral joint

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4
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

articulation b/w the condyles of the femur proximally and the tibial plateaus distally

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5
Q

what kind of joint is the knee joint

A

modified hinge joint

2 degrees of freedom

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6
Q

motions that the knee joint allows

A

flexion and extension

ER and IR

ABD and ADD

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7
Q

femoral condyles

A

the distal femur flares into 2 condyles

separated posteriorly by an intercondylar notch or fossa

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8
Q

femoral condyles anteriorly

A

blend to form the concave trochlear groove

articulating surface for the patella

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9
Q

what shape are the femoral condyles

A

biconvex

convex in the frontal and sagittal planes

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10
Q

in which direction are the femoral condyles longer

A

anteroposterior direction > mediolateral direction

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11
Q

lateral lip of the lateral femoral condyle

A

approximately 7 mm more anterior than the medial femoral condyle

gives osseous stability for the patella

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12
Q

which femoral condyle is larger and longer

A

medial femoral condyle

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13
Q

despite asymmetry of the femoral condyles

A

condyles are horizontal d/t angulation of the femoral shaft

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14
Q

tibial plateaus

A

proximal end of the tibia flares into a plateau that has a medial and lateral section

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15
Q

what are the tibial plateaus separated by

A

prominent tibial spine

will articulate w/ femoral intercondylar notch

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16
Q

what shape are the tibial plateaus in the frontal plane

A

concave

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17
Q

what shape is the medial tibial plateau in the sagittal plane

A

concave

the total surface area is larger than that of the lateral tibial plateau

–> accommodates the larger medial femoral condyle

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18
Q

lateral tibial plateau shape in the sagittal plane

A

convex

will create a convex on convex in the sagittal plane –> incongruency that is assisted by the menisci

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19
Q

the presence of the fibrocartilaginous menisci on the tibial plateaus creates

A

trough for the femoral condyles

menisci are concave –> create congruency

20
Q

description of the knee joint

A

modified hinge joint w/ 2 degrees of freedom

21
Q

motions the knee joint allows

A

flexion/extension (sagittal plane)

IR and ER (transverse plane)

small amount of automatic ABD and ADD in the frontal plane

22
Q

extension ROM

A

actively = 0

passively = 5-10 degrees beyond 0 is considered hyperextension

23
Q

what could affect extension ROM

A

passive insufficiency of hamstrings when the hip is flexed

24
Q

what is hyperextension also called in the knee

A

genurecurvatum

25
Q

flexion ROM

A

passively = 0-130 or 140

26
Q

what is flexion limited by

A

soft tissue approximation

also dependent on position of the hip
–> passive insufficiency of the rectus femoris when the hip is extended

27
Q

rotation ROM

A

passive only

greatest when knee is flexed to 90 degrees (ligaments are lax)

least extension occurs w/ knee in full flexion –> screw home mechanism

28
Q

ER ROM

A

0-40

29
Q

IR ROM

A

0-30

30
Q

axis of motion

A

axis for flexion/extension is through the femoral condyles

oblique

31
Q

why is the axis of motion oblique

A

medial femoral condyle is larger and longer

32
Q

how is the axis oriented

A

medially and inferiorly

relative to the transverse plane

allows for accessory motions

33
Q

accessory motion with flexion

A

ADD

34
Q

accessory motion with extension

A

ABD

35
Q

concept of “instantaneous axis” of motion

A

femoral condyles are longer than the tibial plateaus

–> femur must glide to maintain contact

—> changes the axis of motion

—-> as you flex, the axis moves superiorly and posteriorly

36
Q

angles of the knee

A

medial tibiofemoral angle

Q angle

37
Q

medial tibiofemoral angle

A

medial angle formed by the femoral and tibial shaft axes

38
Q

why isnt the formal shaft axis included in the medial tibiofemoral angle

A

since the femoral head over hangs the femoral shaft
–> the axis of the femoral shaft doesn’t coincide with that of the leg
—-> but forms an obtuse angle

39
Q

normal medial tibiofemoral angle

A

185-190 degrees

physiologic valgus (genuvalgum)

frontal plane angle

40
Q

when does the medial tibiofemoral angle become pathological

A

when it is increased of decreased from normal

41
Q

medial tibiofemoral angle is increased

A

greater than 195 degrees

genuvalgum

knock knees

could be influenced by coxa vera

42
Q

medial tibiofemoral angle is decreased

A

less than 180 degrees

genuvarum

bow legs

coxavalga could influence this

43
Q

what could genuvalgum/genuvarum cause

A

can lead to asymmetrical loading of the knee and cause arthritic changes

–> wear out one compartment of the knee

44
Q

q angle

A

angle formed by the intersection of a line drawn from the ASIS to the mid-patella and a line drawn from mid-patella to the tibial tubercle

45
Q

what is the q angle intended to represent

A

the force vector of the quadriceps femoris muscle

46
Q

normal q angle

A

15 degrees

may be greater in women and less in men

47
Q

when is the q angle considered abnormal

A

greater than 20 degrees

will lead to changes in patellar tracking

kines final (11 decks)

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