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knee ligaments Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

general functions of the ligaments

A

limit excessive knee extension

limit varus and valgus stresses

limit anterior and posterior translation of the tibia beneath the femur (also the femur on the tibia)

limits medial and lateral rotation of the tib on the femur

check rotary instabilities (combo of A-P translations and rotations –> stability in more than one direction)

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2
Q

ligaments in OKC

A

limit tibial motion

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3
Q

ligaments in CKC

A

limit femoral motion

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4
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

runs from the medial femoral epicondyle

slopes anteriorly

inserts into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia

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5
Q

where does the MCL have attachments

A

joint capsule

medial meniscus

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6
Q

when is the MCL tight

A

full knee extension

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7
Q

primary function of MCL

A

resists valgus stress both in flexion and extension

contribution to valgus stability when flexed**
–> other structures in the knee have less contribution

will resist hyperextension of the knee

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8
Q

secondary fxns of MCL

A

will check lateral rotation of the tib

back up restraint to pure anterior displacement of tibia when ACL is absent

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9
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A

runs from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

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10
Q

where does the LCL have attachments

A

no where

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11
Q

when is the LCL tight

A

full knee extension

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12
Q

primary fxn of LCL

A

resist knee varus

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13
Q

secondary fxn LCL

A

resists medial rotation of the tibia

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14
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

runs from the anterior tibia

between anterior insertions of the medial and lateral menisci

courses posteriorly, laterally and proximally across the knee joint

inserts on the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

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15
Q

what happens as the ACL runs anterior to posterior

A

ACL turns outward in a slight spiral

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16
Q

how can the ACL be divided

A

anteromedial band

posterolateral band

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17
Q

anteromedial band of ACL

A

tightens with knee flexion

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18
Q

posterolateral band of ACL

A

tightens with knee extension

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19
Q

when can the ACL be torn

A

flexed or extended

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20
Q

where is the ACL

A

within the fibrous capsule but is extra synovial

outside the synovial layer –> not nourished by synovial fluid

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21
Q

primary fxn of ACL

A

resist anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

in knee joint flexion and extension

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22
Q

secondary fxn of the ACL

A

to limit tibial IR w/ knee in slight flexion

when all structures in the knee are in tact –> ACL plays a secondary role in preventing excessive tibial IR
–> IT band and lateral capsule are the primary restraints

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23
Q

what does the ACL have a small role in

Study These Flashcards
A

resisting valgus and varus stress across the knee in the presence of deficiency of the collateral ligaments

when knee is in full extension

24
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Study These Flashcards
A

runs from its posterior tibial attachment superiorly and somewhat anteriorly to the inner aspect of the medial femoral condyle

25
how can the PCL be divided
anteromedial band posterolateral band
26
anteromedial band of the PCL
maximally tight in 80-90 degrees of knee flexion
27
posterolateral band of the PCL
tight in extension
28
where is the PCL
within the fibrous capsule by extra synovial
29
PCL primary fxn
resist posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
30
secondary fxn of PCL
resists tibial rotations especially when the knee is flexed
31
what does the PCL play a small role in
resisting valgus and varus stressed across the knee
32
posterior capsule ligaments
oblique popliteal ligaments arcuate ligament both are tight in full knee extension and assist in preventing knee hyperextension will resist valgus and varus stress when the knee is extended
33
oblique popliteal ligaments
runs from a point posterior to the medial tibial plateau to the central part of the joint capsule
34
arcuate ligament
y-shaped structure attaches distally on the fibular and fans over the posterior capsule to joint the oblique popliteal ligament
35
joint capsule
has vertical fibers that are attached above the margins of the femoral condyles and the posterior margins of the tibial plateaus
36
is the joint capsule lax or tight
extensive structure that is fairly lax allows a great amount of motion
37
how does the joint capsule extend
from the superior aspect of the quads tendon to the patellar ligament inferiorly
38
what is the joint capsule reinforced by
muscles and ligaments
39
extensor retinacula
the anteromedial and anterolateral portions of the capsule also called the medial and lateral patella retinaculum can affect patellar tracking
40
general form of the capsule
compares to a cylinder which is invaginated posteriorly
41
is the joint capsule innervated
highly innervated w/ mechanoreceptors contributes to muscular stabilization of the knee joint by initiating reflex mediated muscular responses
42
synovial lining
most extensive and involved in the body will follow the fibrous layer of the capsule except posteriorly where the synovium invaginates anteriorly --> results in the ACL and PCL being within the fibrous capsule but not within the synovial lining
43
what will the synovial lining do during gestation
divide the knee into 3 compartments until 12 weeks of gestation then the synovial septa are resorbed --> resulting in a sing joint cavity
44
plica
septa that are not completely resorbed and remain through adulthood can be a cause of knee pain
45
when is the synovial lining most lax
when it has its greatest volume approx 20-30 degrees of flexion --> it can accommodate more fluid (has the greatest potential for fluid) ----> contractures of the posterior muscles and structures --------> keep knee extended after surgery
46
bursae
suprapatellar prepatellar superficial infrapatellar deep infrapatellar pes anserine gastrocnemius subpopliteus
47
suprapatellar
located b/w the femur and the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon helps reduce friction b/w the two structures during knee extension
48
prepatellar
lies over the patella fxns to cushion the anterior surface of the patella against direct trauma and reduce friction b/w the patella and the skin
49
superficial infrapatellar
lies b/w the patellar tendon and the skin helps to reduce friction
50
deep infrapatellar
lies b/w the patellar ligament and the tibia
51
deep infrapatellar and superficial infrapatellar
facilitate gliding b/w those structures while we flex and extend the knee reduce friction
52
pes anserine
lies b/w the proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibia and the undersurface of the pes anserine muscle tendons "gooses foot"
53
gastrocnemius
lies b/w the medial femoral condyle and the medial gastroc tendon
54
subpopliteus
lies b/w the tendon of the popliteus and the lateral condyle of the tibia
55
infrapatellar fat pad
located at the anterior knee b/w the patellar tendon and the underlying synovial tissue and bone acts as a cushion highly innervated by nociceptors fibers --> irritation will cause pain

kines final (11 decks)

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