Knee, Foot, and Ankle

Question 1

The largest jt in body is the

Answer 1

knee jt

Question 2

bones of knee

Answer 2

distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella

Question 3

What bone of knee is major weight-bearing bone of leg?

Answer 3

tibia

Question 4

purp of patella

Answer 4

Patella protects the ant knee and creates an improved angle of pull for the quads that results in a mech adv during knee ext

Question 5

what are the 2 major ligaments in knee?c

Answer 5

cruciate and collateral

Question 6

what ligaments of knee cross w/in the jt cavity between the femur and tibia and are vital in maintianing ant-post and rotational stability of knee

Answer 6

crucuiate ligaments

Question 7

What ligaments connect the femur w/ leg bones, and aid in stability and counteract valgus and varus forces

Answer 7

collateral ligaments

Question 8

MCL attaches where, but LCL doesnt

Answer 8

MCL to medial mensicus, but LCL doesnt attach to lateral mensicus

Question 9

the knee has what 2 jts?

Answer 9

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral jts

Question 10

Although a vital attachment site for knee structures, THIS JT is not considered compartment part of knee?

Answer 10

prox tibiofibular jt

Question 11

What jt of knee is the primary jt of knee and is primarily a hinge jt allows flexion and extension of knee?

Answer 11

tibiofemoral jt

Question 12

tibiofemoral jt is also considered a

Answer 12

bycondylar jt cuz of its rotational components about the vertical axis

Question 13

tibiofemoral jt is formed by what?

Answer 13

TF jt formed by the articulation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles w/ medial and lateral tibial plateaus

Question 14

Menisci improve what

Answer 14

congrugency of jt surfaces allowing better distrubtion of jt pressurem add stability, aid in shock absportion, provide jt lubrication, aid in loading bearing, add ant-post stab, and protect articular cartilage

Question 15

medial menisici vs lateral mensici

Answer 15

medial mensici are larger, thinner, and more “C” shaped than the lateral mensici

Question 16

What typically extends more distally than the lateral condyle gives kneee a slight valgus arranegment

Answer 16

medial femoral condyle

Question 17

What jt is an arthrodial jt formed by the post asoect of patella and PF groove betweeen condyles of femur

Answer 17

patellofemoral jt

Question 18

How is Q angle formed

Answer 18

Q angle is formed from the line connecting ASIS to center of patella and the line connecting the center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 19

Q angle determines what?

Answer 19

line of pull of patella at the PF jt

Question 20

Normal Q angle for females is

Answer 20

18

Question 21

normal Q angle for males is

Answer 21

13

Question 22

A Q angle below normal is

Answer 22

genu varum, varus, aka bow legged

Question 23

Q angle greater than normal is

Answer 23

genu valgum, valgus, aka knock-kneed

Question 24

Tibiofem jt movement

Answer 24

flexion, ext in sag plane

Question 25

full extension of knee is how many degrees

Answer 25

0

Question 26

full flexion of knee is how many degrees

Answer 26

140 deg

Question 27

When knee is bent/flex the Tibfemoral jt is capable of what?

Answer 27

internal and ext rot

Question 28

What is the screwing home mechanism?

Answer 28

During final few degrees of ext knee, the tibia externally rotate on femur bringing knee into closed pack or locked position

Question 29

quadriceps muscle action at knee

Answer 29

extend knee (Q = Hf + Ke)

Question 30

Anterior muscles of knee

Answer 30

quads

Question 31

quads insertion

Answer 31

superior aspect of patella and ultimately to the tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Question 32

RF origin

Answer 32

AIIS

Question 33

RF muscle action

Answer 33

RF = Hf, Ke

Question 34

3 vasti origin

Answer 34

proximal femur

Question 35

vastus lateralis and medialis are what kind muscles with what kind of pull

Answer 35

pennate muscles that pull on patella at oblique angles

Question 36

Posterior muscles of knee

Answer 36

hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, gastroc

Question 37

biceps femoris long head O

Answer 37

ischial tuberosity

Question 38

biceps femoris short head O

Answer 38

mid-femur

Question 39

bicep femoris insertion

Answer 39

lateral condyle of tibia and head of the fibula

Question 40

biceps femoris muscle action

Answer 40

flex and ext rot knee extend and ext rot hip

Question 41

SM and ST muscle action

Answer 41

flex and int rot knee extend and int rot hip

Question 42

sartorius origin

Answer 42

ASIS

Question 43

The tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and SM join to form the

Answer 43

pes anserinus

Question 44

Pes anserinus insertion

Answer 44

anteromedial aspect of prox tibia, just inferior to tibial tuberosity

Question 45

gastroc muscle action

Answer 45

flex knee; plantarflex foot

Question 46

popliteus is weak

Answer 46

knee flexor

Question 47

purpose of popliteus

Answer 47

unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia

Question 48

describe the ankle jt

Answer 48

synovial hinge jt betwen distal tibia and fibula dome of talus

Question 49

what is the malleolar mortise

Answer 49

a tight fibrous syndesmosis between tibia nad fibula unites the distal ends of bones to form mm into which te trochlea "dome: of talus fits

Question 50

a plane syn jt between talus and calcaneus is what jt

Answer 50

subtalar jt

Question 51

talocrural jt allows

Answer 51

15-20 dorsi, 50 deg plantarflex in sagg plane

Question 52

subtalar allows

Answer 52

20-30 degrees inversion, 5-15 eversion

Question 53

what jts of ankle permit gliding motion?

Answer 53

midtarsal and tarsometatarsal

Question 54

foot flexion and ext of digits jts

Answer 54

metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts

Question 55

pronation of foot is combo of

Answer 55

talocrural dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abd

Question 56

supination of foot is combo of

Answer 56

talocrural plantarflexion, subtar inversion, and forefoot adduction

Question 57

Ant muscles for foot

Answer 57

tibialis ant, peroneus tertius, extensor digitiorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

Question 58

tibialis ant, peroneus tertius, extensor digitiorum longus, extensor hallucis longus muscle action

Answer 58

ankle dorsiflexors

Question 59

what muscle inverts foot?

Answer 59

tib ant

Question 60

what muscle everts foot?

Answer 60

peroneus tertius

Question 61

Extensor hallucis longus acts to do what?

Answer 61

extend big toe and extensor digitorum longus extend digits 2-5

Question 62

lateral muscles of ankle and foot

Answer 62

peroneus longus, brevis

Question 63

peroneus longus, brevis muscle action

Answer 63

evert foot and assist w/ plantarflexion

Question 64

Superficial post muscles of foot

Answer 64

gastroc, soleus , plantaris

Question 65

gastroc, soleus , plantaris muscle action

Answer 65

plantarflexors

Question 66

gastroc has more what than soleus

Answer 66

gastroc has more fast twitch fibers than soleus

Question 67

When is gastroc used over soleus?

Answer 67

Gastroc is used more during dynamic, higher force activiies

Question 68

soleus is more active in

Answer 68

postural and static contractions

Question 69

At 90 degress knee flexion, the gastroc expierneces what?

Answer 69

passive insufficiency and thus is less active when knee is straight aka 0 deg flexion

Question 70

during calf raise exs, keep knee how to emphasize gastroc and soleus repstiviely

Answer 70

gastroc=striaght leg | soleus = bent leg

Question 71

deep post muscles of foot and ankle

Answer 71

flexor digitorum longus, felxoro hallucis longus, tiab post, popliteus

Question 72

flexor digitorum longus, felxoro hallucis longus, tiab post muscle action

Answer 72

plantar flexors and inverters