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2nd Year > KRM 220 Exam > Flashcards

KRM 220 Exam Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 8 ways that a relationship can be classified as domestic
SSSPREMD

A

Same-sex partners
sexual relationship
share/shared a residence
parents of a child
romantic relationship
engaged
married
dating

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2
Q

what are the 9 acts that can be considered domestic violence
SSEEPAIDH

A

sexual abuse
stalking
emotional, verbal and psychological abuse
Entry into complainants residence without consent
psychological abuse
Any other controlling or abusive behaviour towards the complainant
intimidation
damage to property
harassment

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3
Q

what does IPID stand for

A

independent police investigative directorate

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4
Q

what does SORMA stand for

A

sexual offences and related matters amendment act

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5
Q

what does MATTSO stand for

A

ministerial advisory task team on the adjudication of sexual offences matters

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6
Q

what are the 2 main categories of offending according to SORMA

A

Rape and sexual assault

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7
Q

what are the other 9 acts that SORMA criminalises
EESSGINBC

A

Exhibitionism
Engaging in sexual activities in the presence of a child under 16
Showing a child porn
Sexual exploitation of children
Grooming a child via the internet
Incest
Necrophilia
Benefitting from child pornography
Child trafficking

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8
Q

what does PEP stand for

A

post-exposure prophylaxis

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9
Q

what 2 offences constitute life imprisonment

A

Rape and muder (certain types)

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10
Q

what 2 types of murder constitute life imprisonment

A

when it was premeditated or body parts were removed

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11
Q

what are the 4 types of rape that constitute life imprisonment
VIPV

A

Victim was raped more than once
It was committed by more than 1 person
Perpetrator knows they are HIV positive
Victim was a child under 16

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12
Q

what is the minimum sentence for other types of murder

A

15 years

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13
Q

what is the minimum sentence for other types of rape

A

10 years if its a first offence

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14
Q

what 4 aspects are specifically excluded as a justification for imposing a lesser sentence than the prescribed minimum sentence
CARA

A

Complainant’s previous sexual history
Apparent lack of physical injury to the complainant
Relationship between the accused person and the complainant prior to the offence being committed
Accused person’s cultural or religious beliefs about rape

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15
Q

what are the 6 different needs of victims
PAINNE

A

Practical needs
Acknowledgement needs
Information needs
Need for understanding
Need for contact with judicial process
Emotional needs

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16
Q

what are the 2 models that distinguish between victim support and victim empowerment

A

Care model
Criminal justice model

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17
Q

what is the care model

A

focuses on the immediate needs of the victim (victim support)

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18
Q

what is the criminal justice model

A

wants to give victims a meaningful role to play in the CJS

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19
Q

what does NCPS stand for

A

National Crime Prevention Strategy

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20
Q

what does VEP stand for

A

Victim empowerment programme

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21
Q

what does VEP emphasise

A

the importance of a victim-centred approach and restorative justice for all victims of violence

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22
Q

What is TCC, when was it established and where

A

Thuthuzela Rape care centre
Cape Town in 2000

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23
Q

what does NPA stand for

A

National prosecuting authority

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24
Q

What does DSD stand for

A

Department of social development

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25
what are the 4 aspects of Thuthuzela's integrated approach to rape care RREC
Respect Restoring dignity ensuring justice for victims comfort
26
what is the broad function of the CJS
protect victim and society from crime
27
how does the CJS achieve their goal to protect
Arrest prosecution imprisonment
28
what are the 2 earlier forms of victim protection
protection orders and witness protection
29
what are the 3 specialised units for victim assistance
Family violence Child protection Sexual offences unit
30
what does SOC stand for
sexual offences courts
31
how many designated SOCs are there
56
32
what do SOCs specialise in
hearing sexual offence matters victim support and protection services
33
what 5 things do SOCs provide in terms of victim support and protection services CCPPI
Court prep services CCTV (for testifying outside of courtroom) Pre and Post-trial trauma debriefing Private waiting room Intermediary services
34
what are the 5 functions of child witness/advocacy programmes SPAIR
Strenghten victim coping strategies Provide psychological support Assist child victims with their testimonies Inform of court processes Reduce secondary victimisation
35
what are the 5 ways that hardships may be amplified by increased vulnerablility CWPDD
circumstantial factors witness' relationship with defendant personal characteristics dangerousness of defendant disabled children
36
what are the 7 objectives of restorative justice RRIISED
Repairing relationships damaged by the crime Reducing recidivism Identifying restorative outcomes Identifying factors that lead to crime Supporting victims Encouraging the taking of responsibility Denouncing criminal behaviour
37
what are the 9 needs of crime victims AAARGSTCV
Access to justice and fair treatment Assistance and services Answers to questions Restitution and apology Give and receive info Safety To have a voice Contact with CJS Validation and acknowledgement
38
what are the 3 pillars of Zehr's framework of how to understand emotions and behaviour after a crime OAR
Order Autonomy Relatedness
39
what are the 5 elements of restorative justice CVCCJ
Crime is a violation of people and relationships Violations create obligations Central obligation is to right the wrongs Crime is about disrespect Justice is about respect
40
what are the 3 elements of 'justice is about respect' Respect for the...LPF
respect for the life of others respect for the property of others respect for the feelings of others
41
what are the 3 pillars of restorative justice HOE
Harms and needs Obligations to put right Engagements of stakeholders
42
What are the 3 values of restorative justice REM
Reintegration Encounter Making amends
43
what are the 3 concepts of restorative justice The...TER...conception
The TRANSFORMATIVE conception The ENCOUNTER conception The REPARATIVE conception
44
what are the 3 basic theories that shape the functioning of the CJS The...RUR...approach
the RETRIBUTIVE approach the UTILITARIAN DETERRENCE approach the REHABILITATION approach
45
define political assassination
the deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure for political reasons
46
what are the 5 causes of assassinations DPTLR
Domestic violence during election periods Politically deprived groups Territorial fragmentation of a country Lack of consensual political ethos Restrictions on political competition
47
who are the 5 targets of assassination LLHOV
Legislators Lower-ranking political figures Heads of state Opposition leaders Vice heads of state
48
what are the 3 implications of the assassination of a head of state DII
Decline in the democratic nature of a polity Increase in domestic violence Instability and economic prosperity
49
what is the implication of the assassination of opposition leaders
Increase in overall unrest and domestic violence
50
what are the 2 implications of the assassination of legislators PD
Public unrest Decline in legitimacy of governments
51
what are the 5 roles of policy makers in regard to political assassinations PASSS
Promotion of political and social conditions Addressing political grievances Stable and regulated succession mechanisms Stable routines and protocols, and creations of institutions Safety of political and opposition leaders
52
what are the 2 roles of law enforcers in regard to political assassinations MV
Most assassins previously involved in crime Veterans may be preferred to performs assassination
53
what are the 5 acts mentioned in the UN's defintion of genocide KIFCD
Killing members of a group Imposing measures to prevent births in a group Forcibly transferring children to another group Causing serious mental or bodily harm to members of a group Deliberately imposing on the group's life conditions in order to bring about their destruction
54
what are the 5 key definitional elements of genocide DIGIS
Destroy In part Groups Intent Specific conduct
55
what are the degrees of genocide according to Pramono
First degree genocide Second degree genocide third degree genocide
56
what are the 3 requirements for first degree genocide MMD
Mental element Material element Destruction of a human group
57
what are the 2 requirements for second degree genocide
Material element Destruction of a human group
58
what is the requirement for third degree genocide
destruction of a human group
59
what is progressive ideological genocide
heads toward a classless society
60
what is reactionary ideological genocide
strive for a capitalist economic regime and for a "racially pure" state
61
what are the 3 types of pragmatic genocide DRH
Developmental genocide Retributive genocide Hegemonic genocide
62
what are the 9 factors that lead to genocide EEECARLUQ
Ethnicity, nationality and religion Economic dependency, underdevelopment and destitution Earlier genocide Colonial and alien administrative systems Artificial national and subnational boundaries Role of colonial and world superpowers Limited physical resources Usurpation of political power Quelling of insurgencies or threat of coup d'etat
63
what are the 5 strategies that offenders of genocide use to conceal their actions BBDWG
Belittle the scope of the crime Banalise genocide Deny genocide has taken place When both sides commit the act, justify the former victims' attempts at revenge Genocide can be presented as justified
64
define politicide
an act of killing human groups because of "political opposition to the regime and dominant groups"
65
define democide
an act of eliminating a group of people in general
66
define genocide
systematically destroying a specific ethnic, racial or religious group using mass killing/extermination
67
define terrorism
creating fear, panic or political change using violence against civilians. targets a society for political/ ideological reasons
68
what are the 3 forms of mass rape
first form second form third form
69
what is first form mass rape
military goes to village and rape girls in public view. a few days later the army arrives and tells the terrified residents to leave safely and never return
70
what is second form mass rape
used in concentration camps as a means of torture
71
what is third form mass rape
women are raped in death camps as torture or to impregnate.
72
define biological warfare
the use of bacteria/viral organisms to make people sick fast. They are contagious therefore spread rapidly
73
define child solider
any person under the age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity
74
what are the 6 problemd with defining child soliders CCMAGD
Children are seen as 'young adults' Childhood is a construct and varies across societies Military participation A child may be regarded as an adult Girls vs Boys DDR programmes
75
what are the 7 reasons children become involved in armed conflict FFHOPLI
Forced recruitment Family considerations Hopes of earning money Out of dissatisfaction with systems that have failed them Power, glamour and excitement Lack of educational opportunities Ideology and political socialisation
76
What are the 2 models of justice that address the issue of child soliders in relation to the issue of culpability
retributive model restorative justice model
77
what are the 3 aspects to the retributive model in terms of child soliders culpability WIS
Wrongdoers should be held accountable for their crimes through punishment If criminals arent punished, a climate of impunity is created Severity of punishment should be proportional to the seriousness of the crime
78
what are the 7 aspects to the restorative justice model in terms of child soliders culpability AASHIRV
Attempts to make restitution Acknowledgement for the need for accountability and justice Severity of punishment should be proportional to the seriousness of the crime However, many of the existing RJ processes are not tailored to children Is harmonious with many African society's norms of justice RJ should be a last resort for justice Victim's request for justice cant be secondary to the rehabilitation of child soldiers
79
Give 3 reasons why girls are valued by armed groups THE
They can swell the ranks if there is a shortage of adults Highly obedient Easily manipulated
80
what are the 3 types of work that girls do in relation to armed conflict DCS
Domestic and supporting work Combat activities Sexual slavery
81
what does DDR stand for
Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration
82
what does the DDR do
it is a programme that aims to help former combatants transition from armed conflict to civilian life.
83
what 5 health issues did girl soldiers experience GGPSH
Gender-specific health problems Gynaecological problems Psychological after-effects of wartime sexual violence Severe physical and psychological health problems High risk for STDs
84
what are the 3 defining characteristics of maritime terrorism VAP
Violent act carried out by those on the sea Acts of war by rouge individuals with a specific ideology Political purposes
85
what are the 3 defining characteristics of piracy VEC
Violent act carried out by those on the sea Economic gain Criminal activities committed in sense of gaining profit
86
What are the 4 categories of targets for maritime terrorism Ships as...WIME
Ships as... Weapons Iconic targets Mass casualty targets Economic targets
87
what are the 4 methods of attack regarding maritime terrorism SSML
Small boats Speed and acceleration Manoeuvrability and ability to evade radar detection Less expensive and less conspicuous
88
what are the 8 favourable conditions for maritime terrorism SSLIPFCM
Secure base area State support Legal and jurisdictional weakness Inadequate security Promise of reward Favourable geography Charismatic and effective leadership Maritime tradition
89
what are the 4 conditions that are required for an act to qualify as torture RICE
must RESULT in severe mental/physical suffering must be INFLICTED intentionally must be COMMITTED by/with consent from a public official EXCLUDES pain and suffering as a result of lawful actions
90
what are the 11 duties of south africa under CAT The duty to...PPPRREEAAIC
Prevent torture and CIDT Protect foreign nationals Prosecute or extradite Report on measures taken Reject statements taken under torture Educate and train all personnel Ensure redress to victims of torture Abide by the peremptory norm Accept complaints and protect witnesses and victims Investigate Criminalise torture in domestic law
91
What does CIDT stand for
cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment
92
what is CAT
UN Convention against Torture and CIDT
93
Give the 5 situations whereby South Africa must still abide by the peremptory norm AATIO
A state of war Any public emergency The threat of war Internal public instability Orders from a superior officer
94
What are the 5 things that must be done to redress victims of torture RRCSG
Restitution Rehabilitation Compensation Satisfaction Guarantees of non-repetition
95
what are the 7 forms of physical torture SSSBBER
Suffocation Stretching Submersion Beating Burns Electric shocks Rape and sexual assault
96
What are the 6 forms of psychological torture and ill-treatment MMWITH
Mock executions Mock amputations Witnessing the torture of others Isolation Threats Humiliation
97
what are the 3 potential victims of torture PPJ
Political leaders People in prison/detention Journalists
98
who are the 5 potential offenders of torture PPPMS
Prison wardens/detention officers Police Paramilitary forces Military State-controlled and anti-guerilla forces

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