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2nd Year > SLK 220 Sem test 3&4 > Flashcards

SLK 220 Sem test 3&4 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

what is normative influence

A

going along with the crowd in order to be liked and accepted

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2
Q

what is the autokinetic effect

A

the illusion of movement caused by slight eye movements

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3
Q

what are group norms

A

beliefs or behaviours that a group of people accept as normal

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4
Q

what is informational influence

A

going along with the crowd because you think the crowd knows more than you do

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of situations that increase how likely you are to be affected by informational influence

A

ambiguous situations
crisis situations

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4
Q

what is pluralistic ignorance

A

looking to others for cues on how to behave, whilst they are looking to you- collective misinterpretation

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4
Q

what are the 2 kinds of social influence

A

normative and informational

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4
Q

what does normative social influence produce

A

public compliance

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4
Q

what does informational social influence produce

A

private acceptance

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5
Q

what are the 4 basic principles that social influence techniques can be organized into
CRSC

A

commitment and consistency
reciprocation
scarcity
capturing and disrupting attention

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6
Q

what are the 4 techniques of social influence based on commitment and consistency
FBLL

A

Foot-in-the-door technique
Bait-and-switch technique
low-ball technique
labelling technique

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7
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

psychological discomfort caused by inconsistent behaviour

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8
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on reciprocation
DT

A

door-in-the-face technique
thats-not-all technique

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9
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on scarcity
FL

A

Fast-approaching-deadline technique
limited-number technique

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10
Q

what are the 2 techniques of social influence based on capturing and disrupting attention
PD

A

pique technique
disrupt-then-reframe

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11
Q

What concept did Carl Hovland come up with

A

who says what to whom

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12
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “who” in “who says what to whom”

A

the source

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13
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “says what” in “who says what to whom”

A

the message

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14
Q

according to Hovland, what is the “to whom” in “who says what to whom”

A

the audience

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15
Q

what are the 2 aspects to “the source”

A

source credibility
source likeability

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16
Q

what are the 3 aspects to “the message”
ROR

A

reason vs emotion
one-sided vs two-sided messages
repetition

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17
Q

what are the 4 aspects to “the audience”
COIN

A

cultural differences
overhead messages
intelligence
need for cognition

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18
Q

what is the sleeper effect

A

the finding that over time, people separated the message from the messenger

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19
Q

what 2 characteristics makes a source credible

A

expertise and trustworthiness

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20
what 2 factors influence whether we like someone
similarity physical attractiveness
21
what is the halo effect
the assumption that because people have one desirable trait, they also possess many other desirable traits
22
what is advertisement wear-out
inattention and irritation that occurs after an audience has encountered the same advertisement too many times
23
what is need for cognition
a tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful thinking, analysis and mental problem solving
24
what 2 models suggest 2 different routes to persuasion
elaboration likelihood model heuristic/systematic model
26
what is psychological reactance
an unpleasant emotional response caused by someone persuading you and trying to take your freedom of choice. this results in resistance
27
what is negative attitude change
aka boomerang effect people do the opposite of what they're being persuaded to do
28
what is prosocial behaviour
doing something good for other people or for society as a whole
29
what is rule of law
when members of a society respect and follow its rules
30
what is reciprocity
the obligation to return in kind what is done for us
31
what are the 2 norms that promote fairness
equity and equality
32
what is equity
each person receives benefits in proportion to what they have contributed
33
what is equality
everyone gets the same amount
34
what is sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison
the interpersonal concern about the consequences of outperforming others
35
what is direct reciprocity
paying back the same person who does something nice for you
36
what is generalised reciprocity
performing kind acts towards anyone after someone has been kind to you
37
what is moral reasoning
using logical deductions to make moral judgements based on abstract principles of right and wrong
38
what are moral intuitions
judgements about whether an action is right or wrong that occur automatically and rely on emotional feelings
39
what are the 2 moral foundations that both liberals and conservatives uphold
disapproval of people hurting eachother importance of fairness
40
what are the 3 aspects of the moral foundation of conservatives RLP
Respect for legitimate authority Loyalty to one's group Purity/sanctity
41
what is cooperation based on
reciprocity
42
what is the prisoners dillemma
a study on cooperation that forces people to choose between a cooperative act and another act that combines being competitive, exploitive and defensive.
43
what is altruistic punishment
people will accept costs in order to punish someone who breaks the rules (costs like reduce in payment)
44
what is kin selection
we should help those who share our genes (and we help those with a closer blood relation first (eg- help a sibling before a cousin))
45
what is empathy
reacting to another person's emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state
46
what are the 2 motives for helping
altruism and egoism
47
what is egoistic helping
the helper helps because they want something in return
48
what is altruistic helping
the helper helps not expecting anything in return. it is also motivated by empathy
49
what are the 4 aspects of "who helps whom?" GEBB
Gender Emotion and mood Beautiful victims Belief in a just world
50
what are the 5 steps to helping NITKP
1- notice that something is happening 2- interpret meaning of event (emergency?) 3- take responsibility for providing help 4- know how to help 5- provide help
51
what is the obstacle for step 1/notice that something is happening
being distracted
52
what is the obstacle for step 2/interpret meaning of event
pluralistic ignorance and unsure whether its an emergency
53
what is the obstacle for step 3/take responsibility for providing help
diffusion of responsibility
54
what is diffusion of responsibility
the reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present
55
what is the obstacle for step 4/knowing how to help
the feeling of incompetence
56
what is the obstacle for step 5/providing help
audience inhibition getting help in a public setting
57
what is audience inhibition
people do not want to feel foolish in front of others if they offer help and the person does not want help
58
what is moral inclusion
treating all people as ingroup members
59
what is the scale called that measures moral inclusion
identification with all humanity scale

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