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2nd Year > SLK 220 Exam > Flashcards

SLK 220 Exam Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Define emotion

A

a conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event

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2
Q

Define mood

A

a feeling state that is not clearly linked to some event

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3
Q

Define affect

A

the automatic response that something is good or bad

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4
Q

Define conscious emotion

A

a powerful, single feeling state

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5
Q

define automatic affect

A

A subconscious feeling that something is good or bad

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6
Q

define arousal

A

a physiological response that occurs within the body that is linked to conscious emotion

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7
Q

what is the Jame-Lange theory of emotion

A

bodily processes of emotion come first and the mind’s perception of these bodily reactions then creates the subjective feeling of emotion

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8
Q

what is the facial feedback hypothesis

A

feedback from the face muscles evokes or magnifies emotions

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9
Q

what is the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

A

the idea that emotion has 2 components

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10
Q

what are the 2 separate components to emotions according to Schachter and Singer

A

physiological arousal and cognitive label (specifies the emotion)

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11
Q

what are the 4 important emotions
HAGD

A

Happiness
Anger
Guilt and shame
Disgust

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12
Q

define affect balance

A

the frequency of positive emotions minus the frequency of negative emotions

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13
Q

define life satisfaction

A

the most complex form of happiness whereby one evaluates your general life and comparing it to stanadards

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14
Q

define hedonic treadmill

A

theory proposing that people stay at around the same level of happiness regardless of what happens to them

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15
Q

define emodiversity

A

how much a person experiences the variety and abundance of human emotions

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16
Q

what are the 3 ways to deal with anger
NVT

A

Never show it
Vent
Try get rid of it

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17
Q

what is the catharsis theory

A

the idea that ‘venting’ one’s anger produces a healthy release of emotions and is therefore good for the psyche

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18
Q

Define guilt

A

An unpleasant moral emotions associated with a specific instance in which one has acted badly or wrongly

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19
Q

Define shame

A

a moral emotion that involves feeling bad but spreads to the whole person

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20
Q

what are the 3 ways that apologies can help repair damage to relationships
CCS

A

Convey the implicit agreement that the act was wrong
Counteract any implication that the bad act meant that the person doesn’t care about the relationship
Suggest the person will not try to do it again

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21
Q

Define survivors guilt

A

an unpleasant emotions associated with living through an experience during which other people died

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22
Q

what are the 5 benefits of forgiveness
FREAH

A

Fosters psychological healing through positive changes in affect
Restores a victim’s sense of personal power
Encourages hope for the resolution of real-world intergroup conflicts
Aids physical and mental health
Helps to bring about reconciliation between offended and offender

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23
Q

what is the affect-as-information hypothesis

A

people judge if something is good or bad by asking themselves how they feel about it

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24
Q

Define affective forecasting

A

the ability to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events

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25
what is the risk-as-feelings hypothesis
people react to risky situations based on how severe the worst outcome is and how likely it is to occur
26
what is the broaden-and-build theory
idea that positive emotions expand an individual's attention and mindset and promote increasing one's resources
27
what are the 6 basic human emotions SSHAFD
Surprise Sadness Happiness Anger Fear Disgust
28
what is the Yerkes-Dodson Law
the proposition that some arousal is better than none, but too much can hurt performance
29
define emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, access and generate, understand and reflexively regulate emotions
30
what are the 4 parts of emotional intelligence PFUM
Perceiving emotions Facilitating thought Understanding emotions Managing emotions
31
what are the 4 ways to 'cheer up' DDRS
Do things that produce good feelings Deal with the problem directly Raise or lower arousal Seek social support
32
Define attitudes
global evaluations towards some object or issue
33
define beliefs
pieces of info about an object, person, or issue
34
define dual attitudes
different evaluations of the same attitude object (automatic and deliberate attitudes)
35
what is the mere exposure effect
the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after the individual has been repeatedly exposed to them
36
who developed the theory of classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
37
who developed the theory of operant conditioning
BF Skinner
38
who developed the social learning theory
Albert Bandura
39
define attitude polarisation
the finding that people's attitudes become more extreme as they reflect on them
40
what 3 things do most consistency theories have in common SAS
Specify the conditions that are required for consistency and inconsistency of cognitions, behaviours and beliefs Assume that inconsistency is unpleasant and it motivates people to restore consistency Specify the conditions that are needed to restore consistency
41
Define effort justification
when people suffer, work hard, or make sacrifices, they try to convince themselves it was worthwhile
42
define post-decision dissonance
cognitive dissonance experienced after making a difficult choice. (making the chosen thing more attractive and vice versa)
43
Define selective exposure
the tendency of individuals to select info that supports their pre-existing views and avoid info that contradicts their pre-existing views
44
define behavioural intentions
Whether a person plans to perform the behaviour in question
45
define subjective norms
An individual's perceptions about whether significant others think they should perform the behaviour in question, or not
46
define perceived behavioural control
an individual's beliefs about whether they can actually perform the behaviour in question
47
define belief perservernance
the tendency to cling to one's beliefs even when presented with information disproving them
48
define assumptive worlds
the view that people live in social worlds based on their assumptions about how things ought to operate
49
what are the 3 main types of assumptions that people have that help them live healthy and happy lives TTI
The world is benevolent The world is just and fair I am a good person
50
define cognitive coping
mental processes play a central role in helping people cope with and recover from misfortunes
51
Define the need to belong
the desire to form and maintain close, lasting relationships with other individuals
52
what are the 2 parts of the need to belong
People want some kind of regular social contact People want a stable and ongoing relationship where people share a mutual concern for each other
53
Define ingratiation and who came up with it
the study of what people actively do to make others like them Edward E. Jones
54
what are the 2 old cliches that make opposite predictions about who likes whom
opposites attract birds of a feather flock together
55
define the matching hypothesis
people tend to pair up with others who are equally attractive
56
what are the 2 forms of ingratiation that confirm the importance of interpersonal rewards
To do favours for the person Involves praise
57
what does culture depend on
Reciprocity
58
what is the propinquity effect
people grow to like those that they encounter on a regular basis
59
what is the mere exposure effect
people tend to hold more positive attitudes toward familiar stimuli than towards unfamiliar ones
60
define the social allergy effect
the idea that a partners annoying habits become more annoying over time
61
what is the what is beautiful is good effect
people assume that physically attractive people will be superior to others on many other traits
62
what are the 3 key differences between online and offline dating OOA
Online dating expands the range of potential partners and the ease of meeting them Online dating enables people to communicate online before they meet in person Allows you to search out the best partners from a database
63
Define ostracism
being excluded, rejected and ignored by others
64
define rejection sensitivity
a tendency to expect rejection from others and to become hypersensitive to possible rejection
65
define loneliness
the painful feeling of wanting more human contact or connection than you have
66
give the 3 reasons that children are rejected by their peers SAD
Some children withdraw from contact with others and are therefore rejected by others aggressive children are rejected because other children don't like violence, bullies and danger Deviance leads to rejection
67
what is the bad apple effect
the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire other people to break the rules too
68
define passionate love
strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement towards a special person
69
define companionate love
mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed
70
People who are passionately in love have an increase in which neurotransmitter
Phenylenthylamine (PEA)
71
what are the 3 points of robert Sternberg's love triangle DIP
Decision and commitment Intimacy Passion
72
what are the 2 different types of basic relationships
Communal and exchange
73
what are the 2 dimensions of the two-dimensional attachment theory
Anxiety and avoidance
74
what are the 4 attachment styles PFSD
Preoccupied attachment Fearful avoidant attachment Secure attachment Dismissing avoidant attachment
75
what is the investment model
theory that uses 3 factors to explain why people stay with their long-term relationship partners
76
what are the 3 factors of the investment model SHT
Satisfaction How much the individual has invested in the relationship The quality of available alternatives
77
what are relationship-enhancing styles of attribution
good acts are attributed to partners inner qualities and bad acts are dismissed due to external factors
78
what are distress-maintaining styles of attribution
bad acts are attributed to partners inner qualities and good acts are dismissed due to external factors
79
what are social constructionist theories
theories asserting that attitudes and behaviours are strongly shaped by culture and socialisation. this includes sexual desire and sexual behaviour
80
what is the evolutionary theory
theory of sexuality asserting that sex drive has been shaped by natural selection and that its forms tend to be innate
81
what is social exchange theory
theory that seeks to understand social behaviour by analysing the costs and benefits of interacting with each other. it assumes sex is a resource that women have and men want
82
what are the 3 theories of sexuality SES
Social constructionist theory Evolution theory Social exchange theory
83
what is the coolidge effect
the sexually arousing power of a new partner than the appeal of a familiar partner
84
what is erotic plasticity
the degree to which the sex drive can be shaped and altered by social, cultural and situational forces.
85
what does EBE stand for and who put forward this theory
exotic becomes erotic Daryl Bem
86
what is extradyadic sex
having sex with someone other than one's regular relationship partner
87
define social reality
beliefs held in common by several or many people- public awareness
88
define prejudice
a negative feeling toward an individual based solely on their membership in a particular group
89
define racism
prejudiced attitudes toward a particular race
90
define aversive racism
simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward people of other races
91
define discrimination
unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong
92
What are the ABC's of intergroup relationships
Affective component is prejudice Behavioural component is discrimination Cognitive component is stereotyping
93
what is social categorisation
sorting people into groups on the basis of characteristics they have in common
94
what is the outgroup homogeneity bias
the assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another
95
name the common prejudices and targets LLMAX
LGBTQ+ individuals Large corporations and profits Muslims Albinism Xenophobia
96
what is the realistic conflict theory
explains prejudice by stating that competition over resources leads to intergroup hostility and conflict
97
what is the discontinuity effect
groups are more prone to hostile competition than individuals are
98
what is the contact hypothesis and who proposed it
regular interaction between different groups reduces prejudice if it occurs in favourable conditions Gordon Allport
99
what is the scapegoat theory
idea that blaming misfortunes and problems on outgroup members contributes to negative attitudes toward these groups
100
what is a jigsaw classroom
a cooperative learning technique for reducing feelings of prejudice by having students interact and cooperate to learn material
101
define a self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation about the future that tends to come true partly because it is expected
102
what are the 3 stages of a self fulfilling prophecy
1- A person believes that a certain event will happen in the future 2- this belief leads to new behaviour that the person would have not engaged in without the expectation 3- the expected event takes place and the prophecy is fulfilled
103
what are the 3 cognitive strategies as to how people internalise the training to hate themselves SAT
Social comparison Attribution theory The criteria of self-worth
104
what are self-defeating prophecies
a prediction that ensures, by the behaviour that it generates, will not come true
105
what is a stereotype threat
the fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold
106
What are the 5 formations of attitudes SOMEC
Social Learning Operant conditioning Mere exposure effect Embodied attitudes Classical conditioning

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