L 25 - CONDENSED

Question 1

How is malaria transmitted?

Answer 1

Female Anopheles mosquito

Question 2

True or False: Malaria is caused by obligate, intracellular protozoan parasites

Answer 2

True

Question 3

P. vivax only infects which cell type?
A. RBC
B. Reticulocytes
C. RBC of all ages

Answer 3

B. Reticulocytes (immature RBC’s)

Question 4

Schuffner’s Dots are associated with:
A. P. ovale
B. P. malariae
C. P. vivax
D. P. falciparum

Answer 4

C. P. vivax

Question 5

____ is a benign tertian malaria where as ___ is a malignant tertian malaria

A. P. vivax; P. falciparum
B. P. falciparum; P. vivax
C. P. vivax; P. ovale

Answer 5

P. vivax; P. falciparum

Question 6

True or False: P. falciparum is the most severe form of malaria because it infects RBC OF ALL AGES

Answer 6

True

• Thankfully, there’s a vaccine available

Question 7

True or False: Ovale malaria causes a fever ever 3rd day, but milder than P. vivax. It is the least common of all species

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Schuffner dots, gametocytes and infect red cells, with fibrated edges suggest…
A. P. ovale
B. P. vivx
C. P. falciparum

Answer 8

A. P. ovale

Question 9

Band-shaped trophozoites suggest…
A. P. ovale
B. P. vivx
C. P. falciparum
D. P. malariae

Answer 9

D. P. malariae

Question 10

True or False: P. vivax (benign) and P. ovale (milder) can lead to relapse – P. falciparum and P. malarie (quartan) do not lead to relapse

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Which is the most mild form of malaria?
A. P. vivax
B. P. falciparum
C. P. malariae
D. P. ovale

Answer 11

D. P. ovale

Question 12

Which phase of the malaria life cycle occurs in the definitive host (mosquito)? Which phase occurs in humans (intermediate host?

Answer 12

Sexual phase (sporogony)
- mosquito (definitive host)

Asexual phase
(schizogony)
- human (intermediate host)

Question 13

In sporogony phase of malaria, ingestion of ____ by mosquito occurs and ____ are produced
A. gametocytes; sporozoites
B. sporozoites; gametocytes

Answer 13

A. gametocytes; sporozoites

Question 14

During which phase of malaria are schizonts made, which release merozoites?
A. Schizogony (asexual)
B. Sporogony (sexual)

Answer 14

A. Schizogony (asexual)

Question 15

Sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver, where they form ____

Infected hepatocytes rupture and release _____, which invade RBC

The merozoite becomes a ____ (ring form) in RBC

Answer 15

merozoites

trophozoite

Question 16

True or False: During the malaria life cycle, hypnozoites remain in liver

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: During the malaria life cycle, in the RBC, the trophozoite multiplies, producing new merozoite (differentiates into erythrocytic schizont with merozoites(

Answer 17

True

Question 18

_____: Infective form for humans, found in salivary gland of female anopheline mosquito. Quickly homes into liver to become hepatic SCHIZONT
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite

Answer 18

B. Sporozoite

Question 19

_____ latent form found in hepatocyte, made by species that cause relapsing malaria (P.vivax and ovale) – may persist in liver for years before releasing merozoites (via rupture)

A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite

Answer 19

C. Hypnozoite

Question 20

In malaria, _____ refers to reactivation of infection via hypnozoites

Answer 20

relapse

Question 21

______: Actively growing amoeboid feeding forms (aka: ring forms) – found intracellularly in RBC. Develops into SCHIZONTS with more MEROZOITES.

A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite

Answer 21

D. Trophozoite

Question 22

____: Form developed from a trophozoite (has undergone asexual multplication) – found in the exo-erythocytic schizont

A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite

Answer 22

A. Schizont (erythrocytic)

Question 23

____ (hepatic and erythrocytes): end product of schizony. They are the daughter cells of a schizont. Release from liver cells or RBC, but infect more RBC’s.

A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
E. Merozoite

Answer 23

E. Merozoite

Question 24

____: Pre-gamete stages which can mature into gametes when acquire by Anopheles.

Microgametocytes in ___
Macrogametocytes in ___

Answer 24

Gametocytes

Microgametocytes = male

Macrogametocytes = females

Question 25

True or False: Malaria vaccines target sporozoites

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: P. vivax and P. ovale form hypnozoites

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: Schizonts and mature trophs of P. falciparum are hard to find

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False: Cyclic paroxysms are synchronized with schizogony

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What triggers cyclic paroxysms?

Answer 29

Synchronous rupture of infected erythrocytes/release of merozoites

Question 30

True or False: A paroxysm is a sudden recurrence of disease + worsening of sx

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What causes the Prodrome in malaria? Paroxysm?

Answer 31

Prodrome - early synchronicity Paroxysm - massive, synchronous lysis of erythrocytes + release of merozoites + parasite metabolic waste products

Question 32

Most of the pathologic findings of malaria result from destruction of ____ via: 1) release of merozoites and 2) sequestering by spleen, following my lysis

Answer 32

RBC

Question 33

Hemoglobinuria (dark urine) as well as occulusion of capillaries are symptoms of which type of malaria?

Answer 33

P. falciparum

Question 34

How do you confirm malaria?

Answer 34

Thick (identify organisms) and thin smears (species) of blood stains with G. stain

Question 35

What is the vector that carries B. microti (Babesiosis)? Reservoir?

Answer 35

Vector: Tick Reservoir: White footed mouse

Question 36

True or False: Similar to malaria, Babesia microti has a exoerythrocytic stage (liver stage)

Answer 36

False - while malaria has an exoerythrocytic stage (liver stage) Babesia does NOT have a liver stage

Question 37

True or False: Persistent fever, not recurrent suggests Babesiosis

Answer 37

True

Question 38

You look under a microscope and see lysis of erythrocytes by the parasite. Patient complains of hemolytic anemia and has elevated liver function tests. Which microbe were they likely infected by??

Answer 38

Babesiosis (B. microti)

Question 39

Classic maltese cross, which forms a tetrad, suggests which condition?

Answer 39

Babesiosis

Question 40

Toxoplasmosis is a sporozoan and obilgate intracellular parasite that has which two trophozoite forms in humans?

Answer 40

1) Tachyzoite - actively proliferating - infects mononuclear phagocytes 2) Bradyzoite - cyst that harbors dominant form -brain/cardiac/sk m

Question 41

Who is the definitive host of Toxoplasmosis? The intermediate host?

Answer 41

Definitive: Cat Intermediate: Humans

Question 42

True or False: In human host, Toxoplasmosis parasites form tissue cysts

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: Unsporulated oocysts are shed in cat feces -- in toxoplasmosis

Answer 43

True

Question 44

In toxoplasmosis, oocysts transform into ___ shortly after ingestion. These localize in neural/m tissue and develop into tissue cyst ____

Answer 44

tachyozoites; bradyzoites

Question 45

CSF can be used to diagnose ____

Answer 45

Toxoplasmosis