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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 18: Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: There is NF in your Nervous System

A

False - there is not!

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2
Q

____: Inflammation of brain parenchyma

____: Inflammation of spinal cord

A

Encephalitis
Myelitis

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3
Q

____: Localized pyogenic infection within brain

A

Brain Abscess

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4
Q

___: Inflammation of the meninges resulting from an infection in subarachnoid space

A

Meningitis

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5
Q

Most common cause of meningitis?

A

Viruses
- Bacteria is less rare

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6
Q

True or False: Tetanus mimics some s+s of meningitis

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: Meningitis occurs more frequently than encephalitis

A

True

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8
Q

What’s the difference between Septic (Purulent) Meningitis vs. Aseptic?

A

Septic
- Can cultivate organism
- Bacterial meningitis

Aseptic
- Non-pyogenic
- UK cause
- Usually infectious (viral!)

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9
Q

True or False: Bacteria and Viruses often cause acute meningitis while microbes often cause Chronic Meningitis

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: The course of bacterial meningitis can be fulminant

A

True

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11
Q

___ is a major pre-disposing factor for acute bacterial meningitis

A

Age

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12
Q

What is the most common mechanism for acquiring meningitis?
A. 1 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood
B. 2 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood

A

B. 2 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood

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13
Q

How does meningitis enter Sub-arachnoid space?

A

Sites of minimal resistance

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14
Q

What is effect of direct entry of meningitis?

A

Damage to CNS integrity

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15
Q

In the case of brain abscesses, there is contiguous spread along ___ channels or ___ infection

A

vascular; parameningeal

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16
Q

______: a system used by neurotoxins, allows for transport system to and from neuron’s cell

A

Retrograde axoplasmic flow

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17
Q

Three most common sx of acute bacterial meningitis in NON-neonates (adults)?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Meningismus
    - photophobia
    - stiff neck
    - headache
  3. Altered mental status
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18
Q

Three types of rashes that may be seen with meningitis?

A

Maculopapular
Vesicular
Pupuric
- S. pneumonia
- N. meningitis
- H. Influenza

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19
Q

True or False: In Infants, bulging of fontanel is a clinical manifestation of acute bacterial meningitis

A

True
- Also: fever, irritability, inactivity, poor feeding

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20
Q

A newborn/neonate has acute bacterial meningitis. Which three organisms may be the culprit?

A
  1. E. coli K1
  2. S. agalactiae (strep B)
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
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21
Q

An infant-child has acute bacterial meningitis. Which three organisms may be the culprit?

A
  1. Strep pneumo
  2. H. Influenza (Type B)
  3. Neisseria meningitis
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22
Q

Which organism may cause acute bacterial meningitis in all groups except newborns?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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23
Q

S. pneumonia and Listeria monocytogenes may cause acute bacterial meningitis in…
A. Elderly
B. Kids/Teens/Adults
C. Infants
D. Newborns

A

A. Elderly

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24
Q

S. pneumonia and N. meningitidis can cause acute bacterial meningitis in…
A. Elderly
B. Kids/Teens/Adults
C. Infants
D. Newborns

A

B. Kids/Teens/Adults

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25
N. meningitis is likely to cause acute bacterial meningitis in which two groups?
1. infants and kids 2. children/teens/adults
26
Listeria monocytogenes can cause acute bacterial meninigitis in which two patient populations?
Elderly and newborns
27
Tests to r/o meningitis?
28
What are the three vertically transmitted pathogens?
1. Streptococcus agalctia 2. E. coli K1 3. Listeria monocytogenes
29
Where is Streptococcus agalctia found? Can it be transmitted to newborns?
Female genital and GI tract Yes!
30
Streptococcus agalctia - Gram + or -? - Shape? - Linear or chains?
Gram + Cocci Chains - also known as: group B streptococci
31
How are beta-hemolytic streptococci classfied?
Carbohydrate in cell wall - Lancefield classification
32
Most common pathogen causing neonatal meningitis? A. Streptococcus agalctia B. E. coli K1 C. Listeria monocytogenes
A. Streptococcus agalctia
33
What is the main virulence factor of S. agalactiae? A. Pili B. Capsule C. LT Toxin
B. Capsule
34
If you culture S. agalactiae, which three features would you expect to see?
B-hemolytic Catalase (-) Bacitracin resistant
35
___ is part of normal GI flora that spreads via vertical transmission. Its main virulence factor is: capsule.
36
___ is part of normal GI flora that spreads via vertical transmission. Its main virulence factor is: capsule A. Streptococcus agalctia B. E. coli K1 C. Listeria monocytogenes
B. E. coli K1 K1= capsule serotype
37
E. coli K1 - Gram + or -? - Shape?
Gram - Bacilli
38
How can you detect K1 antigen of E. coli?
CSF
39
How is listeria transmitted? to who?
- How: contaminated foods - Who: adults
40
Common foods associated with Listeria monocytogenes infections?
1. Unpasteurized milk 2. Undercooked meat 3. Raw veggies
41
True or False: Patients who are immune-competent may only have mild or asymptomatic with Listeria infection
True
42
What can occur if a pregnant mother has listeria?
1. Febrile 2. Could pass to baby, leading to menigitis
43
True or False: IC and elderly are also at risk for meningitis w/Listeria
True
44
Listeria.... - Gram +/- - Infects... -Facultative extra or intracellular? Note: also known as coccobacilli
- Gram (+) - Facultative intracellular pathogen - Infects macrophages
45
Listeria monocytogenes survives within the phagosome. How does it escape?
Via production of: listeriolysin O (LLO) - Type 2 Toxin (pore forming)
46
How does Listeria monocytogenes move cell to cell? A. Actin Tail B. Myosin Tail C. Cytoplasmic Tail
A. Actin Tail - similar to shigella
47
How are Listeria similar to Shigella?
1) Facultative intracellular pathogen - infects macrophages 2) Avoid phagolysosome
48
How can you culture L. monocytogenes?
Cold enrichment Beta-hemolytic - Motility (tumbling/umbrella)
49
True or False: In L. monocytogenes, LLO+PLC are used to escape phagosome
True
50
___ proteins mediate nucleation of actin tail at one end of bacteria in Listeria monocytogenes
ActA
51
Which three pathogens can be transmitted via: respiratory droplets?
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae N. meningitis
52
In infants/children, there is vaccine prevention for which three pathogens?
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae N. meningitis
53
Where is S. pneumo commonly found? Transmission?
- Upper respiratory - Respiratory droplets
54
S. pneumo is most common agent of which condition? A. Chronic viral meningitis B. Acute bacterial meningitis
B. Acute bacterial meningitis
55
True or False: Streptococcus is gram (+) diplococci
True
56
True or False: S. pneumo uses capsule for virulence factor
True
57
Which two toxins does S. pneumo make that allows for tissue destruction?
- Pnuemolysin - Phosphocholine (can enter RBC)
58
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae N. meningitis What two things do they have in common?
Virulence factor = capsule IgA Protease
59
If you cultured S. pneumo, what three features would you notice?
Alpha hemolytic (blood agar) Catalase (-) Optochin sensitive
60
How do you detect antigen of S. pneumoniae?
From CSF

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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