L18

Question 1

___: Inflammation of meninges due to infection in subarachnoid space

Answer 1

Meningitis

Question 2

True or False: Virus is most common cause of meningitis

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What’s the difference between septic (purulent) and aseptic meningitis?

Answer 3

Septic
- can cultivate
- bacterial meningitis

Aseptic
- non-pyogenic
- usually cause by viral agent

Question 4

Acute meningitis is typically caused by ___ while chronic is typically caused by ___

Answer 4

Acute = bacteria/virus
Chronic = microbe

Question 5

True or False: Bacterial meningitis can be fulminant and result in long-term sequelae

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the most common portal of entry for acute bacterial meningitis?

Answer 6

Infects blood, then enters CNS

Question 7

Fever, irritability, and bulging of fontanelle suggests meningitis in a neonate while a fever, altered mental status, and meningismus suggests meningitis in an adult

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False: Age pre-disposes one to developing acute bacterial meningitis

Answer 8

True

Question 9

In addition to increased ICP, what are other features seen in meningitis?

Answer 9

Question 10

A patient who is a newborn (0-4 wks) shows signs of meningitis, what 3 agents may be the culprit?

Answer 10

L - Listeria mono
E - E. coli K1
S - Strep agalactiae

Question 11

A patient who is an infant (4-6 wks) shows signs of meningitis, what 3 agents may be the culprit?

Answer 11

N - N. meningitis
H - H. Infleunzae B
S - Strep pneumo

Question 12

A patient who is 6-60 y/o shows signs of meningitis, which 2 agents may be the culprit?

Answer 12

N: N. meningitis
S: S. pneumo

Question 13

A patient who is 60+ shows signs of meningitis, which 2 agents may be the culprit?

Answer 13

L: Listeria
S: S. pneumo

Question 14

There is a vaccine to prevent acute bacterial meningitis in which of the following:
A. 60+ y/o
B. 6-60 y/0
C. 0-4 weeks
D. 4-6 weeks

Answer 14

D. 4-6 weeks

Question 15

What are three vertically transmitted pathogens?

Hint: LES

Answer 15

L - Listeria
E - E. coli K1
S - Strep agalactia (GBS)

Question 16

Of the vertically transmitted pathogens, which two are gram (+)?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Answer 16

C. Strep agalactia (GBS) / A. Listeria

Question 17

True or False: Both E.coli K1 and Listeria are bacilli. Only E.coli uses a capsule for virulence, however.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which of the following vertical pathogens is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis and is located normally in GI tract or female genital region?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Answer 18

C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Question 19

Which of the following is bacitracin resistant, catalase (-), and B-hemolytic?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Answer 19

C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Question 20

True or False: All the vertically transmitted pathogens utilize capsule for virulence

Answer 20

False - only S. agalactia and E. coli K1

Question 21

Beta hemolytic streptococci, such as ____, are classified by the carbohydrate in their cell wall (Lancefield Classification)
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Answer 21

C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Question 22

____ is gram negative bacilli that uses a capsule. it is lactose (+)
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)

Answer 22

B. E. coli K1

Question 23

___ is a gram (+) bacilli –often cocobacili–that can infect macrophages (facultative intracellular). To culture it involves cold enrichment. It has motility and is B-hemolytic (like S. galactia!!)
A. S. agalactia
B. E.coli K1
C. Listeria

Answer 23

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 24

Which pathogen is commonly transmitted to adults via foods such as: raw veggies and unpasteurized milk products?

Answer 24

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 25

Which two vertical pathogens can be transmitted to newborn?

Answer 25

Listeria and S. agalactia

Question 26

True or False: IC or elderly are at risk of Listeria

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Listeria can survive within phagosome and escape via production of which two toxins? How does it move from cell to cell?

Answer 27

- Escapes phagosome via: 1) LLO - Listerolysin O 2) PLC - Phospholipase C - Moves cell to cell via: Actin tail

Question 28

Which vertically transmitted pathogen is B-hemolytic, has motility (tumbling + umbrella) and grows best in cold enrichment?

Answer 28

Listeria

Question 29

Which three pathogens are transmitted via respiratory droplets?

Answer 29

1. H. Influenzae - B 2. Neiserria Meningitis 3. Strep pneumo

Question 30

All of the pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets are gram (-) except...

Answer 30

Strep pneumo

Question 31

True or False: Strep pneumo and N. meningitis are diplococci while H. Influenzae is cocobacili and pleomorphic

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Which two virulence factors are used by ALL pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets

Answer 32

1) IgA Protease 2) Capsule

Question 33

Which two virulence factors are unique to Strep pneumo and allow for destruction of tissue?

Answer 33

1. Phosphocholine 2. Pnuemolysin

Question 34

True or False: N. meninigitis have 4 virulence factors: Capsule, IgA Protease, LOS, and Pili (Phasic and Antigenic Variation)

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which of the following pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets is catalase (-), alpha-hemolytic, and optochin sensitive? A. S. pneumo B. N. meninigitis C. H. influenzae

Answer 35

A. S. pneumo

Question 36

True or False: Both N. meningitis and H. Influenzae can be grown on chocolate agar

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Which of the following is oxidase (+) and grows in a humid, CO2 enriched environment? A. H. Influenzae B. N. Meninigits C. S. Pneumo

Answer 37

B. N. Meninigits

Question 38

___ is a gram (-) PLEOMORPHIC, NF commonly found in nose and throat. It is best grown on chocolate agar. However, when grown on blood agar, it shows satellite around S. aureus. It uses a PRP capsule.

Answer 38

Hib (H. Influenzae - type B)

Question 39

True or False: All the pathogens that can be transmitted via: respiratory droplets have vaccines to prevent them

Answer 39

True